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The peoples of Western civilization have roots in the prehistoric period, but these can only be examined using the tools of archeology. For most of antiquity, their history is equally obscure, although the roots of Greek and Roman civilization can be identified. In classical and medieval times, starting with the Greeks and the Romans, Western civilization developed extensively. Germanic, Anglic, Russian and Scandinavian peoples and Scandinavian peoples acquired culture from the Greeks and the Romans. |
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In the modern period, Anglic and Latin peoples colonized and transported their culture to the Americas, and Russia came to dominate Asia, while Germanic and Scandinavian peoples had a great influence in Europe. Balkan peoples were partly dominated by Islam. The future of Western Civilization has not yet been closely examined here |
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Anglic peoples can be followed through prehistory, antiquity, classical and medieval, and modern times. Latin peoples can also be followed from prehistory through antiquity and classical and medieval times and into modern times. Germanic peoples are not well known in prehistory or antiquity, but can be better followed through classical and medieval and modern times. Northeast European are not well known in prehistory or antiquity, but can be considered in classical and medieval times and modern times. At present, the history of Balkan peoples on this site is seriously incomplete for prehistory, antiquity, and classical and medieval times, and still incomplete for most of modern times. The history of Scandinavian peoples on this site is also seriously incomplete for prehistory, antiquity, and classical and medieval times, and has only been examined in modern times.
Traceable roots of Western civilization appear in prehistory, although I have really only considered a few areas. Predecessors of the Anglic peoples such as are found in the United Kingdom and Ireland have not yet been examined. Although predecessors of the Latin peoples including those in Italy, France, Spain and Portugal have been examined, I do not yet have details here. I am not sure that Germanic peoples in their present form existed, although the regions of Germany, the Netherlands, and Belgium were certainly inhabited. I have not yet examined Northeast European peoples including those of Russia, Ukraine, Poland, or the Czech Republic closely. Balkan peoples including Romania, Greece Serbia, and Hungary can be considered. Scandinavian peoples are also connected.
Details of early prehistory are lacking. I have little information on Poland. Among Anglic peoples, the UK seems to have been inhabited at intervals by pre-modern humans. Although Latin peoples did not exist, much of the archeology of this period is derived from studies of pre-modern peoples who lived in Italy, France, and Spain. Germanic peoples who may have lived in what is now Germany are less well known. Northeast European peoples who may have lived in Russia and Ukraine are also not well known. Balkan peoples including those of Romania are not yet well known. I do not yet have much information on Pliocene, early Pleistocene, early mid Pleistocene, late mid Pleistocene, or late Pleistocene times.
In middle prehistory, numerous late or Upper Palolithic (Old stone age) peoples have been discovered, but their connection to modern peoples is obscure. Among Anglic peoples, in what is now the UK, various of these cultures, related to those on the mainland, can be identified. Much of the archeology of this period is based on work done among Latin peoples, especially those of France, and to some extent Italy. Germanic peoples probably did not exist, but there is evidence that Germany was inhabited. I have no details on Northeast European peoples including those of Russia and Ukraine in this period, except that ice age hunters may have lived there. I do not yet have details of the period beginning 50,000 years ago, the period beginning 40,000 years ago, the period beginning 30,000 years ago, or the period beginning 20,000 years ago.
In late prehistory, agriculture seems to have spread into this area from the Middle East, but details are not really clear. Post-Ice-Age Upper Paleolithic and Mesolithic cultures appeare in Anglic peoples, including the United Kingdom. Archeological sequences in France form part of the basis of examination of other cultures, and they are also connected to Italy. I have no information on Germanic peoples including those of Germany. I have no information on Northeast European peoples including those of Russia and Ukraine except that these lands were presumably inhabited. I do not yet have details of the early 8th millennium BC, the late 8th millennium BC, the early 7th millennium BC, the late 7th millennium BC, the early 6th millennium BC, or the late 6th millennium BC.
Anglic peoples were confined to the British Isles including what are now the United Kingdom and Ireland during this period. Celtic peoples seem to have entered the region. Latin peoples such as those found in France, Italy, Spain, and Portugal can be considered. I know nothing of Germanic peoples including those of Germany, the Netherlands, or Belgium in this period. Northeastern Europeans such as those of Russia, Ukraine, Poland, and the Czech Republic can be considered. Balkan peoples such as those of Romania, Greece, Serbia, and Hungary can be considered. I know little of Scandinavian peoples during this period.
Among Anglic peoples, which principally include what is now the UK, there appears to have been a transition from Mesolithic culture to Neolithic culture. Among Latin peoples, Italic peoples had Neolithic villages. Neolithic farming techniques may have been introduced into France by people called the Danubians. I have no information for Germanic peoples including those of Germany. Northeast European peoples such as those of Russia, Poland, and Ukraine seem to have had neolithic villages. [I have not yet closely examined Balkan or Scandinavian peoples] I do not yet have details of the early 5th millennium BC, the early mid 5th millennium BC, the mid 5th millennium BC, the late-mid 5th millennium BC, or the late 5th millennium BC.
I have little information on what is now the UK, except that Neolithic farming villages were present. I have little information on Latin peoples. What are now Italic peoples seem to have begun using copper working technology. What are now French peoples seem to have begun to use copper working technology. I have little information on Germanic peoples. I also have little information for Northeast European peoples. Among Balkan peoples, Neolithc cultures seem to have been established. [I have not yet closely examined Scandinavian peoples]. I do not yet have details of the early 4th millennium BC, the early mid 4th millennium BC, the mid 4th millennium BC, the late mid 4th millennium BC, or the late 4th millennium BC.
Most of these peoples seem to have had a neolithic culture, but copper and bronze working began to be introduced. Among Anglic peoples in what is now the UK, the Bell Beaker culture seems to have been present. , there seem to have been stone age peoples. For Latin peoples, Italic peoples show evidence of the Bell Beaker culture. French peoples also show evidence of the Bell Beaker culture. Among the now occupied by Germanic peoples, there is also evidence of the Bell Beaker culture. For Northeast European peoples, people speaking Indo-European languages may have lived in Russia or Ukraine. Among Balkan peoples, Neolithic and then copper working peoples were present. [I have not yet closely examined Scandinavian peoples]I do not yet have details of the early 3rd millennium BC, the early mid 3rd millennium BC, the mid 3rd millennium BC, the late-mid 3rd millennium BC, or the late 3rd millennium BC.
In what is now England, it is possible that Celtic people were arriving. Among what are now Latin peoples there were Bronze age communities. Among Italic peoples, there were Bronze age cultures. In what is now France there were bronze age communities, possibly including Celtic peoples. I have no information on Germanic peoples, specifically those of Germany, but among Northeast European peoples, those speaking the Indo-European family of languages may have spread from Russia or central Asia. Among Balkan peoples, Bronze age cultures were present. [I have not yet closely examined Scandinavian peoples]. The early 2nd millennium BC, the early mid 2nd millennium BC, the mid 2nd millennium BC, the late-mid 2nd millennium BC, and the late 2nd millennium BC can be connected.
Among Anglic peoples, I have no information on the United Kingdom during this period, except that Iron age technology can be identified. Among Latin peoples, among Italic peoples, the Etruscans ruled Italic-speaking peoples, and tradition dates the founding of Rome to this period. The area now occupied by French peoples was known as Gaul and inhabited by Celtic peoples. Hispanic peoples can also be identified. I have little if any information on Germanic kingdoms including those of Germany and Belgioumduring this period. Among Northeast Europeans, in Russia, the nomadic Cimmerians and Scythians seem to have been present. I do not yet have sufficient information on the Balkan peoples including Romania, but classical civilization was developing in Greece [I have not yet closely examined Scandinavian peoples.] The 10th century BC, the 9th century BC, the 8th century BC, the 7th century BC, and the 6th century BC can be connected.
This can be roughly sketched. The Balkan peoples were prominent at first, and Greece formed a vital link with the older peoples of Southeast Asia. Romania, Hungary, and Serbia were also significant. Latin peoples came to dominate Europe. Among Italian peoples, the Roman empire became one of the great civilizations of the world, then split and fell into decline and a patchwork of regions with different rulers emerged. The French, Spanish, and Portuguese were among the nations that arose. Germanic peoples including those of Germany, the Netherlands, Belgium, Austria, and Switzerland began to appear in the historical record and became prominent. Anglic peoples appeared in the historical record, and the UK (with its principal city of London) emerged as a nation. Northeast European peoples including those of Russia, Ukraine, Poland, Pelarus, and the Czech Republic began to appear in the historical record. Scandinavian peoples such as those of Sweden appeared in the historical record.
In the early classical period, among Anglic peoples, what is now England was inhabited mostly by Celtic peoples. The Roman republic, which became the Roman empire, centered in Italy, grew substantially and began to dominate the Mediterranean region. The Celtic people of Gaul were conquered and included as part of the growing Roman republic, and later Empire. The Hispanic peoples of Spain were also conquered and absorbed into the growing Roman republic. Germanic peoples first entered the written historical record. I know nothing of Northeast European peoples including those of Russia and Ukraine during this period. Among Balkan peoples, the Greeks were influential early and under Alexander spread Greek culture into Asia, but later came under Roman rule. I do not yet have details for the 5th century BC, 4th century BC, third century BC, Second century BC, or first century BC.
During the Late classical period, Among Anglic peoples, the area known as the United Kingdom was ruled at least in part by the Romans until about 413 CE, after which Germanic peoples invaded the region. The Roman peoples conquered most of the Celtic peoples and adopted Christianity as a religion. They divided the empire into two parts, a Western part and an Eastern part. Italic peoples, the Gallic peoples of France, and the Iberian peoples of Spain were part of the Western empire. This interacted with the Germanic peoples and was overrun by them. I know little of Northeast European peoples except that there were some Greek and Roman colonies among them. Most of the Balkans were included in the Eastern Roman Empire which had its new capital at Byzantium, renamed Constantinople, in what is now Turkey. I do not yet have details of Scandinavian peoples. I do not yet have details for the first century CE, the second century CE, the third century CE, the fourth century CE, or the 5th century CE.
During early medieval times, Anglic and Scandinavian developed or became known. Anglic peoples were affected by the invasion of Germanic peoples including the Angles, Saxons, Jutes, and Frisians, and eventually developed a mostly unified kingdom in England. Among Latin peoples, Italic peoples were invaded by numerous peoples and fragmented. Among French peoples, the Germanic tribes called the Franks occupied the country, and were part of the empire of Charlemagne. Hispanic peoples were conquered by Islamic peoples. Among Germanic peoples, in Germany, the empire of Charlemagne and his successors was important. Among Northeast European peoples, in Russia, the Kievan state was founded. In Ukraine, Slavs, Bulgars, Magyars, Khazars, and various other peoples came from or through the area. Balkan peoples were subject to a wave of invasions from Northeast Europe and Western Asia, where they were not part of the Eastern Roman or Byzantine empire. I do not yet have details for the 6th century, 7th century, 8th century, 9th century, or 10th century.
By late medieva times, the various nations of Western civilization had emerged. Anglic peoples had developed what is now the United Kingdom. Latin peoples can be examined. Among Italic peoples, the Renaissance began late in this period. French peoples were developing as a nation. Hispanic peoples were occupied with the conquest of Islamic peoples, and toward the end of this period, began to explore the New World. Lusitanic peoples were exploring the New World and Africa. Among Germanic peoples, the weak and unstable Holy Roman empire had a significant influence in the west. The Netherlands were also significant. Among Northeast European peoples, Russia was invaded and conquered by the Mongols, but later gained independence. Balkan peoples were forming nations and were the site of contention between the Turks, Byzantine empire, and various other peoples. I do not yet have details for the 11th century. Examination of the 12th century is just beginning. Examination of the 13th century is just beginning with Northeast European peoples including Russia. Examination of the 14th century is just beginning with Northeast European peoples including Russia. In the 15th century, among Anglic peoples, the United Kingdom can be considered. In England the Hundred Years War with France came to an end, the Wars of the Roses were fought, and the Tudor dynasty of English kings began. Among Latin peoples, France defeated England in the Hundred years War. Lusitanic peoples were engaged in exploration. Brazil was reached and claimed for the Portuguese at the very end of the century. Among Germanic peoples, the Habsburg family gained control of the throne of the Holy Roman Empire. Among Northeast European peoples, Russia gained its independence from Mongol rule.
Western civilization has been bitterly divided, but in the modern period came to dominate all other peoples through various colonal empires. The older Balkan peoples, with their lack of access to the Atlantic Ocean, came to be dominated by the Ottoman empire of the Middle East. Latin peoples enjoyed early prominence, and were responsible for a great deal of the worldwide colonial empires, but by the end of this period, were somewhat eclipsed by the Anglic peoples. The Anglic peoples beginning in the British isles transplanted their influence to North America and Austrialian regions as well as others. Germanic peoples had limited access to the Atlantic Ocean and less worldwide influence, but they were highly important in Europe. Northeastern European peoples were comparatively slow to develop, but nevertheless conquered and settled much of Northern and Central Asia. Scandinavian peoples have also made various contributions. Many Western institutions were copied worldwide, and a great deal of modern culture is of Western orgins. The 16th century, 17th century, 18th century, and 19th century have more specific details. The 20th century is noted for the decline of the British Empire and rise of the United States, and for the decline of the French Empire, as well as final dismembership of the Hispanic and Portuguese empire and German colonists. It is also noted for the rise of world goverment and two major world wars centered in Europe.
Anglic peoples including the British, Anglo-American, and Anglo-Australian peoples can be considered. Latin peoples including Italic, French, Hispanic, and Lusitanic peoples can also be considered. Germanic peoples, Northeast European peoples, Balkan peoples, and Scandinavian peoples can also be considered.
The near future is connected to Anglic peoples including British, Anglo-American, and Anglo-Australian peoples, Latin peoples including Italic, French, Hispanic, and Lusitanic peoples, Germanic peoples, Northeast European peoples, Balkan peoples and Scandinavian peoples. Next month is connected to Anglic peoples including British, Anglo-American, and Anglo-Australian peoples, to Latin peoples including Italic, French, Hispanic, and Lusitanic peoples, Germanic peoples, Northeast European peoples, Balkan peoples, and Scandinavian peoples. December 2009 and January 2010 are not yet well considered.). Next quarter is weakly connected to Anglic peoples, Latin peoples including Lusitanic peoples, and Northeast European peoples. February 2010 and March 2010 have not yet been well examined. Next year including the second quarter 2010, the third quarter 2010, and the fourth quarter 2010 has not yet been analyzed.
The middle future is being considered, although so far it is limited to examination of Anglic peoples including British and Anglo-American peoples, Latin peoples including French, Hispanic, and Lusitanic peoples, Germanic peoples, and Northeast European peoples. The next five years of 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014, and 2015 have not yet been closely examined. The next twenty years, next century, and next five centuries has not yet been examined. The far future has not yet been analyzed.