Western Civilization


Western civilization originated in Europe, with traceable roots in Southwest Asia. Since then, it has extended beyond Europe. It now includes the Americas and Australia, because the indigenous populations and their cultures have been outnumbered and displaced by European immigrants and their cultures. Other peoples have been dominated and influenced by Europeans but for the most part not displaced or replaced by them. Although these could be categorized in various different ways, the principal subdivisions of Western peoples on this site include include include Anglic peoples, Latin peoples, Germanic peoples, Balkan peoples, Northeast European peoples, and Scandinavian peoples.	Sapience Home Site Map About Sapience Sociology Peoples Anglic Latin Germanic Northeast Europe Balkan Scandinavian

Western civilization originated in Europe, with traceable roots in Southwest Asia. Since then, it has extended beyond Europe. It now includes the Americas and Australia, because the indigenous populations and their cultures have been outnumbered and displaced by European immigrants and their cultures. Other peoples have been dominated and influenced by Europeans but for the most part not displaced or replaced by them.

Although these could be categorized in various different ways, the principal subdivisions of Western peoples on this site include include include Anglic peoples, Latin peoples, Germanic peoples, Balkan peoples, Northeast European peoples, and Scandinavian peoples.

Anglic

These peoples include British, (English, Scottish, Welsh, Irish), Anglo-American (United States, Canadian, and British Caribbean), Anglo-Australian (Australian and New Zealand, and other groups whose ancestry and culture are from Great Britain.

Latin

These people include Italic, French, Hispanic, Lusitanic (Portuguese and Brazilian) and other groups whose language and ancestry are derived primarily from the Western Roman empire.

Germanic

These people include German, Dutch, Belgian, Swiss, Austrian, and other people whose language and culture are derived primarily from the German peoples.

Northeast European

These include primarily Russian, Polish, and other peoples of Northeast europe. These groups may be reclassified as the site develops.

Balkan

These people include Greek, Yugoslavian, Romanian, Hungarian, and other people of south central Europe. Many of these groups may be associated with others.

Scandinavian

These include primarily Danish, Norwegion, Swedish, and Finnish peoples. Some of these groups may be reclassified as the site develops.


History The peoples of Western civilization have roots in the prehistoric period, but these can only be examined using the tools of archeology. For most of antiquity, their history is equally obscure, although the roots of Greek and Roman civilization can be identified. In classical and medieval times, starting with the Greeks and the Romans, Western civilization developed extensively. Germanic, Anglic, Russian and Scandinavian peoples and Scandinavian peoples acquired culture from the Greeks and the Romans. In the modern period, Anglic and Latin peoples colonized and transported their culture to the Americas, and Russia came to dominate Asia, while Germanic and Scandinavian peoples had a great influence in Europe. Balkan peoples were divided and weakened. Their future is obscure.	Links to other sites: Western Civilization Houghton Mifflin Western Civilization topics Western Culture - Wikipedia Western Civilization Resource Center
Other sociology There are various connections to other peoples of the world. Specific nations can be connected. The influence of Asiatic peoples, African peoples, and American Indian peoples can be examined. Specific communities can be identified. Principles of social structure and change can be applied to Western Civilization. Institutions Religion, government, economics, education, and families are all highly important to Western Civilization. Culture Behavioral culture, conceptual culture, and material culture can be applied to Western civilization. Anglic peoples, Latin peoples, Germanic peoples, Northeast European peoples, Balkan peoples, and Scandinavian peoples can be examined. Behavioral culture Behavioral culture can so far be applied to Anglic peoples, Latin peoples. Germanic peoples, Northeast European peoples, and Balkan peoples. Cultural events can so far be applied to Anglic peoples. Holidays, gatherings, disasters, and miscellaneous events are also important. Recreation and entertainment can be applied so far to Anglic peoples. Sports, games, theater, dance, and music will be useful. Occupations can so far be applied to Western Civilization in general. Service occupations including institutional services, business and commercial services, Recreation and entertainment services, and social and medical services will be significant. Industrial occupations, communication related occupation, transportation related occupations, building related occupations, and food related occupations can be considered. Customs can so far be applied to Western Civilization in general. Institutional customs, social interaction, dress and adornment, living and dwelling customs, and vital customs are important. Conceptual culture Conceptual culture can so far be applied to Anglic peoples, Latin peoples, Germanic peoples, and Northest European peoples. Philosophy Philosophy can so far be applied to Western Civilization in general. Philosophical schools and doctrines, special topics, ethics, aesthetics, metaphysics, epistemology, and logic will be important. Applied science Applied Science can so far be applied to Western Civilization in general. Applied social science, accounting, information and computing science, medical science, navigation, engineering science, and measurement will be useful. Mathematics Mathematics can so far be applied to Western civilization in general. Statistics, geometry, analysis, algebra, arithmetic, and mathermatical foundations will be highly important. Literature Literature can so far be applied to Western Civilization in general. Literary works, Literary types, literary forms, and oral tradition will be useful. Graphic arts including computer graphics, photography, printmaking, painting, and drawing can be connected. Language including languages of the world such as Indo-european languages, Afro-Asiatic languages, Asiatic languages, African languages, and American Indian languages, writing, and linguistics is fundamental. Material culture Miscellanous artifacts including toys, weaponry, medicines, musical instruments, and sculpture can be connected. Communication technology including electronic communication, graphic communication, and written communication can be considered. Transportation techology including space transportation, air transportation, Water transportation, land transportation, and packaging is significant. Clothing is important. Foodstuffs including prepared foods, preserved and processed foods, and raw foods will be useful. Building technology including outdoor structures, complete buildings, building parts, furnishings, and materials is important. Industrial technology including advanced technology, utilities, machinery, chemicals, fuels, and tools is highly important. Anthropology Particular groups are also applicable. One of these was the Wright Brothers. Western civilization depends heavily human geography. It has at times occupied parts of Asian geography, particularly Southwest Asia. For a time it politically controlled much of South Asia. It also controlled some of Southeast Asia. There is less direct connection to East Asia. Central Asia and North Asia have been partly occupied by it. It occupies European geography including Balkan geography, Italian geography, Iberian geography, Northwest European geography, Island geography, Central European geography, Eastern European geography, and Scandinavian geography but is not confined to it. It has at times occupied parts of African geography, particularly Northern Africa. East Africa, West Africa, North Central Africa, South Central Africa, and Southern Africa are less directly connected. It also occupies North American geography including Northern North America, Middle North America, and Southern North America. It also occuples South America and Oceanic geography. Human ecology, including the influence of Western civilization on the environment, other life forms, and the influence of the environment on Western civilization is a complex and wide-ranging field of study. Physical anthropology including human dispersion, racial variation, and human origins is also applicable. Demography including population change, population structure, morbidity and mortality, migration, and birth and fertility can be connected. Social foundations including social group behavior, social group types, social control, social interaction, and social presentation may be useful. Personal studies Most of the major figures in the biography list have some connection to western civilization. These are listed under the particular group of peoples they belong to. Psychology including social psychology, personality, mental disorders, developmental psychology, behavior patterns, mind, and behavioral elements is at a fairly low level but may still be useful. The human body including form and appearance, life cycle, disease, body functions, and body systems is almost at too low a level to be very useful. Science Various contributions have been made by Anglic peoples, Latin peoples, Northeast Europpean peoples, Germanic peoples, Balkan peoples, and Scandinavian peoples. Biology is indirectly useful. Biohistory including Precambrian, Paleozoic, and Mesozoic biology will be useful. Cenozoic biology especially including Pleistocene and Holocene biology can be connected. Ecology including biogeography, evolution, ecosystems, systems ecology, community ecology, population ecology, and behavioral ecology has been comparatively well examined and will be useful. Systematics including animals, fungi, plants, protists, and microbes is more useful. Organism biology including Behavior, Life cycle, form, organ systems, tissues, and habitat is somewhat useful. cell biology including cell types, cell behavior, and cell structure can be connected. Molecular biology including nucleic acids, proteins, lipids, carbohydrates, simple organics, and inorganics is indirectly useful. Earth science can be connected. Geohistory including Precambrian, Paleozoic, and Mesozoic periods can be considered. The Cenozoic period including the Pleistocene and Holocene epochs can be connected. Physical geography including mapping, oceanic geography, and terrestrial geography will be important. Atmospheric science including climatology, meteorology, and atmospheric structure can be connected. Hydrospheric science including studies of oceans, glaciers, groundwaer, and freshwater can be connected. Geology including studies of interior geology, landforms, petrology, and minerals can be considered. Astronomy seems to be fairly minimally useful. cosmology does not have a direct impact. Galactic astronomy does not seem to have a direct influence. Stellar astronomy including astrocartography, star clusters, stars, and the interstellare medium can be considered. Solar system astronomy including the solar system history, sun, major planetary systems, minor bodies, and the interplanetary medium seems to be weakly connected. Chemistry and physics are probably at too low a level to be directly useful to Western Civilization

History

The peoples of Western civilization have roots in the prehistoric period, but these can only be examined using the tools of archeology. For most of antiquity, their history is equally obscure, although the roots of Greek and Roman civilization can be identified. In classical and medieval times, starting with the Greeks and the Romans, Western civilization developed extensively. Germanic, Anglic, Russian and Scandinavian peoples and Scandinavian peoples acquired culture from the Greeks and the Romans. In the modern period, Anglic and Latin peoples colonized and transported their culture to the Americas, and Russia came to dominate Asia, while Germanic and Scandinavian peoples had a great influence in Europe. Balkan peoples were divided and weakened. Their future is obscure.

Links to other sites:
Western Civilization
Houghton Mifflin Western Civilization topics
Western Culture - Wikipedia
Western Civilization Resource Center

Other sociology

There are various connections to other peoples of the world. Specific nations can be connected. The influence of Asiatic peoples, African peoples, and American Indian peoples can be examined. Specific communities can be identified. Principles of social structure and change can be applied to Western Civilization.

Institutions

Religion, government, economics, education, and families are all highly important to Western Civilization.

Culture

Behavioral culture, conceptual culture, and material culture can be applied to Western civilization. Anglic peoples, Latin peoples, Germanic peoples, Northeast European peoples, Balkan peoples, and Scandinavian peoples can be examined.

Behavioral culture

Behavioral culture can so far be applied to Anglic peoples, Latin peoples. Germanic peoples, Northeast European peoples, and Balkan peoples.

Cultural events can so far be applied to Anglic peoples. Holidays, gatherings, disasters, and miscellaneous events are also important.

Recreation and entertainment can be applied so far to Anglic peoples. Sports, games, theater, dance, and music will be useful.

Occupations can so far be applied to Western Civilization in general. Service occupations including institutional services, business and commercial services, Recreation and entertainment services, and social and medical services will be significant. Industrial occupations, communication related occupation, transportation related occupations, building related occupations, and food related occupations can be considered.

Customs can so far be applied to Western Civilization in general. Institutional customs, social interaction, dress and adornment, living and dwelling customs, and vital customs are important.

Conceptual culture

Conceptual culture can so far be applied to Anglic peoples, Latin peoples, Germanic peoples, and Northest European peoples.

Philosophy

Philosophy can so far be applied to Western Civilization in general. Philosophical schools and doctrines, special topics, ethics, aesthetics, metaphysics, epistemology, and logic will be important.

Applied science

Applied Science can so far be applied to Western Civilization in general. Applied social science, accounting, information and computing science, medical science, navigation, engineering science, and measurement will be useful.

Mathematics

Mathematics can so far be applied to Western civilization in general. Statistics, geometry, analysis, algebra, arithmetic, and mathermatical foundations will be highly important.

Literature

Literature can so far be applied to Western Civilization in general. Literary works, Literary types, literary forms, and oral tradition will be useful.

Graphic arts including computer graphics, photography, printmaking, painting, and drawing can be connected. Language including languages of the world such as Indo-european languages, Afro-Asiatic languages, Asiatic languages, African languages, and American Indian languages, writing, and linguistics is fundamental.

Material culture

Miscellanous artifacts including toys, weaponry, medicines, musical instruments, and sculpture can be connected. Communication technology including electronic communication, graphic communication, and written communication can be considered. Transportation techology including space transportation, air transportation, Water transportation, land transportation, and packaging is significant. Clothing is important. Foodstuffs including prepared foods, preserved and processed foods, and raw foods will be useful. Building technology including outdoor structures, complete buildings, building parts, furnishings, and materials is important. Industrial technology including advanced technology, utilities, machinery, chemicals, fuels, and tools is highly important.

Anthropology

Particular groups are also applicable. One of these was the Wright Brothers.

Western civilization depends heavily human geography. It has at times occupied parts of Asian geography, particularly Southwest Asia. For a time it politically controlled much of South Asia. It also controlled some of Southeast Asia. There is less direct connection to East Asia. Central Asia and North Asia have been partly occupied by it. It occupies European geography including Balkan geography, Italian geography, Iberian geography, Northwest European geography, Island geography, Central European geography, Eastern European geography, and Scandinavian geography but is not confined to it. It has at times occupied parts of African geography, particularly Northern Africa. East Africa, West Africa, North Central Africa, South Central Africa, and Southern Africa are less directly connected. It also occupies North American geography including Northern North America, Middle North America, and Southern North America. It also occuples South America and Oceanic geography.

Human ecology, including the influence of Western civilization on the environment, other life forms, and the influence of the environment on Western civilization is a complex and wide-ranging field of study.

Physical anthropology including human dispersion, racial variation, and human origins is also applicable.

Demography including population change, population structure, morbidity and mortality, migration, and birth and fertility can be connected.

Social foundations including social group behavior, social group types, social control, social interaction, and social presentation may be useful.

Personal studies

Most of the major figures in the biography list have some connection to western civilization. These are listed under the particular group of peoples they belong to.

Psychology including social psychology, personality, mental disorders, developmental psychology, behavior patterns, mind, and behavioral elements is at a fairly low level but may still be useful.

The human body including form and appearance, life cycle, disease, body functions, and body systems is almost at too low a level to be very useful.

Science

Various contributions have been made by Anglic peoples, Latin peoples, Northeast Europpean peoples, Germanic peoples, Balkan peoples, and Scandinavian peoples.

Biology is indirectly useful. Biohistory including Precambrian, Paleozoic, and Mesozoic biology will be useful. Cenozoic biology especially including Pleistocene and Holocene biology can be connected. Ecology including biogeography, evolution, ecosystems, systems ecology, community ecology, population ecology, and behavioral ecology has been comparatively well examined and will be useful. Systematics including animals, fungi, plants, protists, and microbes is more useful. Organism biology including Behavior, Life cycle, form, organ systems, tissues, and habitat is somewhat useful. cell biology including cell types, cell behavior, and cell structure can be connected. Molecular biology including nucleic acids, proteins, lipids, carbohydrates, simple organics, and inorganics is indirectly useful.

Earth science can be connected. Geohistory including Precambrian, Paleozoic, and Mesozoic periods can be considered. The Cenozoic period including the Pleistocene and Holocene epochs can be connected. Physical geography including mapping, oceanic geography, and terrestrial geography will be important. Atmospheric science including climatology, meteorology, and atmospheric structure can be connected. Hydrospheric science including studies of oceans, glaciers, groundwaer, and freshwater can be connected. Geology including studies of interior geology, landforms, petrology, and minerals can be considered.

Astronomy seems to be fairly minimally useful. cosmology does not have a direct impact. Galactic astronomy does not seem to have a direct influence. Stellar astronomy including astrocartography, star clusters, stars, and the interstellare medium can be considered. Solar system astronomy including the solar system history, sun, major planetary systems, minor bodies, and the interplanetary medium seems to be weakly connected. Chemistry and physics are probably at too low a level to be directly useful to Western Civilization

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