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French peoples are difficult to identify in prehistory and antiquity, although France as modern country can be used to organize the study of settlements and cultures of these periods. French peoples began to develop a distinctive identity in classical and medieval times, and their modern history can also be examined. The future has not yet been closely examined. |
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During early prehistory, early man was present. I do not yet have details of the Pliocene, early Pleistocene, early mid Pleistocene, late mid Pleistocene, or late Pleistocene. During middle prehistory, there seems to have been a transition from Neanderthals to modern man and upper paleolithic culture. I do not yet have details of the period beginning 50,000 years ago, the period beginning 40,000 years ago, the period beginning 30,000 years ago, or the period beginning 20,000 years ago. In late prehistory, Upper paleothic and Mesolithic cultures can be followed. I do not yet have details of the early 8th millennium BC, the late 8th millennium BC, the early 7th millennium BC, the late 7th millennium BC, the early 6th millennium BC, or the late 6th millennium BC.
I do not yet have details of the 5th millennium BC including the early 5th millennium BC, early mid 5th millennium BC, mid 5th millennium BC, late mid 5th millennium BC, or late 5th millennium BC. I do not yet have details of the 4th millennium BC including the early 4th millennium BC, the early mid 4th millennium BC, the mid 4th millennium BC, the late mid 4th millennium BC, or the late 4th millennium BC. I do not yet have details of the 3rd Millennium BC including the early 3rd millennium BC, the early mid 3rd millennium BC, the mid 3rd millennium BC, the late mid 3rd millennium BC, or the late 3rd millennium BC, I do not yet have details of the 2nd mlllennium BC including the early 2nd millennium BC, the early mid 2nd millennium BC, the mid 2nd millennium BC, the late mid 2nd millennium BC, or the late 2nd millennium BC. I do not yet have details of the early first millennium BC including the 10th century BC, the 9th century BC, the 8th century BC, the 7th century BC, or the 6th century BC.
In Early classical times, these peoples became part of the Roman empire, although I do not have details of the 5th century BC, the 4th century BC, the 3rd century BC, the 2nd century BC, or the 1st century BC. They continued to be ruled by the Roman Empire during late classical times of the 1st century CE, the 2nd century CE, the 3rd century CE, the 4th century CE, and the 5th century CE. In Early medieval times, the native peoples absorbed Germanic invaders called the Franks. I do not yet have details of the 6th century, 7th century, 8th century, 9th century, or 10th century. By late medieval times including the 11th, 12th, 13th, 14th, and 15th centuries they are recognizable in their modern form.
c. 58 - 44 BC Caesar becomes Roman conquerer of Gaul (approx modern France) , victor in civil war, and dictator.
c. 32 BC - 14 CE Augustus rules as first Roman Emperor.
c 313- 330 CE Constantine adopts Christianity as the state religion of the Roman empire, moves capital to Byzantium/Contantinople/Istanbul, and divides the Empire into Eastern and Western parts
c. 768 - 814 CE. Charlemagne conquers much of Western Europe and in 800 CE is crowned as Holy Roman Emperor.
1066 CE William the Conqueror leads the Norman conquest of England.
1095 CE. Pope Urban II calls the First Crusade, initiating European attempts to control Palestine, then under Muslim rule.
These peoples are noted in the 16th century as French peoples were involved in the European age of discovery, the Protestant Reformation, and the scientific revolution. I do not yet have details for the early 16th century, early mid 16th century, mid 16th century, late-mid 16th century, or late 16th century. They are also noted in the 17th century. The French had begun exploring and colonizing North America. So far I lack details the early 17th century, early-mid 17th century, mid 17th century, late-mid 17th century, and late 17th century. In the 18th century, France was a major world power. I lack details on the early 18th century, early-mid 18th century, mid 18th century, late-mid 18th century, or late 18th century.
1517 Luther's criticism of Catholic practice begins Protestant Reformation.
1536 - 1560, Calvin becomes a leading figure in the Protestant reformation.
1700-1765 CE. European warfare extends to conflicts in and among colonies in Americas and Asia.
The "Enlightenment", a scientific and philosphical movement, begins increasing skepticism regarding religious belief.
1775-1783 American Revolution, or War of Independence. English colonies in North America, with Washington as commander-in-chief, declare independence (declaration authored by Jefferson in 1776) and win independence from England as United States of America. Franklin participates in successful negotiatiations for French assistance during the war and the treaty that recognizes American independence.
1789. French Revolution.
French peoples influenced the 19th century. In the early 19th century, France was ruled by Napoleon and pursued an agressive policy of warfare. In the early-mid 19th century, the monarchy was restored. I do not yet have details of the early 1820s, late 1820s, early 1830s, or late 1830s.
1799-1815. Napoleon became emperor of France and attempted to conquer Europe, but was defeated. Numerous colonies in other parts of the world changed possession.
1801 - 1803 Jefferson as 3rd president of US purchased large section of North America from Napoleon and ordered its exploration.
In the mid 19th century, 1848, it was overthrown and a "Second Republic" proclaimed:, but this was short-lived as Napoleon III came to power. I do not yet have details of the early 1840s, late 1840s, early 1850s, or late 1850s.
c. 1847 - 1885 Pasteur established bacterial origin of many diseases and infections and develops methods of treatment.
In the late mid 19th century, he abdicated, the Third republic was declared, and the French lost the Franco-Prussian war. I do not yet have details of the early 1860s, late 1860s, early 1870s, or late 1870s.
In the late 19th century, it extended its overseas holdings in Indochina and Africa. I do not yet have many details of the early 1880s, late 1880s, early 1890s, or late 1890s.
During the early 20th century, the French peoples suffered during World War I, although I do not yet have many details of the early 1900s, late 1900s, early 1910s, or late 1910s.
c. 1915-1918. World War I, the "Great War" changes the modern world.
In the early mid 20th, they suffered during the great depression. I do not have many details of the early 1920s, late 1920s, early 1930s, or late 1930s.
c. 1928 - c. 1937. Great Depression, principally in the United States and Europe.
c. 1938 - 1945. World War II. Germany under the rule of Hitler and Japan attempt military conquest of Europe and Asia. England, the United States led by Roosevelt, and Russia (the USSR) under Stalin are the chief opponents and combine to defeat Germany and Japan.
In the mid 20th century, they suffered significantly. In the early 1940s they were invaded in World War II. In the late 1940s they were assisted in economic recovery by the United States. In the early 1950s they began to lose control of Indochina. In the late 1950s I do not have many detail.
c. 1945 - 1953 Stalin establishes USSR as a major world power, acquires nuclear weapons technology, and begins a largely ideological struggle with the United States and allies known as the "Cold War."
In the late mid 20th France suffered considerable unrest. In the early 1960s, the French lost control of Algeria. In the late 1960s, Charles DeGaulle resigned from office. In the early 1970s, Georges Pompidou died in office. In the late 1970s, Valery Giscard d'Estaing was President of France.
In the late 20th century France enjoyed a fair amount of peace and prosperity. I do not yet have details of the early 1980s.
1981 Mitterand, leader of a Socialist-Communist coalition, was elected President of France, defeating Chirac.
I do not yet have details of the late 1980s including 1986, 1987, 1988, 1989, or 1990.
1986 Mitterand lost Parliamentary majority in French National Assembly and Chirac became Prime minister for two years.
1988 Mitterand reelected as President of France.
I have few details of the early 1990s including 1991, 1992, 1993, and 1994. In 1995 Chirac was elected as President of France. I have few details of the late 1990s including 1996, 1997, 1998, 1999, or 2000.
The early 2000s through 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004, and 2005 can be connected.
2002 Chirac reelected as President of France.
2003. Chirac opposed the US- Iraq war and occupation.
The late 2000s can be connected in France down to 2006. 2007 including the first quarter 2007, second quarter 2007, third quarter 2007, and fourth quarter 2007 can be connected. 2008 in France including the first quarter 2008, second quarter 2008, third quarter 2008, and fourth quarter 2008 can be connected. 2009 including the first quarter 2009, second quarter 2009, third quarter 2009, and fourth quarter 2009 can be connected.
I do not yet have details for 2010. The first quarter 2010 including January 2010, February 2010, and March 2010, and the second quarter 2010 can be connected. The third quarter 2010 can be connected. The fourth quarter 2010 including events of October 2010, November 2010, and December 2010 can be connected. December 2010 including events of 2010 week 49, 2010 week 50, 2010 week 51, 2010 week 52, and 2010 week 53 can be connected.
The early 2010s can be connected. 2011 can be connected.
The first quarter 2011 including January 2011 can be connected. 2011 week 1, 2011 week 2, 2011 week 3, 2011 week 4, 2011 week 5, and 2011 week 6 can be connected. February 2011 including 2011 week 6, 2011 week 7, and 2011 week 8 can be connected. March 2011 including 2011 week 10, 2011 week 11, 2011 week 12, 2011 week 13, and 2011 week 14 can be connected.
The second quarter 2011 including April 2011, and May 2011 can be considered. June 2011 including 2011 week 23, 2011 week 24, 2011 week 25, 2011 week 26, and 2011 week 27 can be connected.
The third quarter 2011 can be connected. July 2011 including 2011 week 27 and 2011 week 28 can be connected.
The near future, middle future, and far future have not yet been examined.