Social Structure and Change


This section includes more of sociological theory and anthropology, rather than specific societies or communities. Social structure and change deals with large and small scale social processes, movements and change. These include processes such as industrialization, urbanization, colonialism and imperialism as well as decolonization. Types of societies, and how societies are organized will also be discussed.	Sapience Home Site Map About Sapience Sociology Social change Social types Social structure

This section includes more of sociological theory and anthropology, rather than specific societies or communities. Social structure and change deals with large and small scale social processes, movements and change. These include processes such as industrialization, urbanization, colonialism and imperialism as well as decolonization. Types of societies, and how societies are organized will also be discussed.

Sociology

Social change

This includes studies of particular changes and movements, factors of social change, and processes of social change.

Social types

Various ways of classifying societies are considered. These include, broadly, industrial, agrarian, horticultural, and hunting and gathering societies.

Social structure

Social structure includes community and regional structure, class structure including social differentiation, institutional structure, cultural structure, and anthropological structure,


History Developments in social change, social types, and social structure can be followed through history, including prehistory, antiquity, classical and medieval times, and modern history. It may also be possible to project them into the future to a limited extent.	Links to other sites: Not yet available
Other Sociology Peoples of the world and particular communities provide raw material and examples for the study of social change, social types, and social structure. Institutions Institutions can be applied to the examination of social change, social types, and social structure. Religion Religion can be applied to social change, social types, and social structure. Particular traditions can be applied to social change, social types, and social structure. Abrahamic religion can be applied to social change, social types, and social structure. Christianity can be applied to social structure and change. Old Christianity can be connected. Catholicism can be connected. Protestantism, Orthodoxy, and Mormonism are important. Islam can also be connected to social structure and change. Judaism can be applied to social structure and change. Secularism can be applied to social structure and change. Asiatic religion can be connected to social structure and change. Persian, Indian, and Oriental varieties may be useful. Pagan religion can be applied to social structure and change. European pagan, Asiatic pagan, African pagan, American Indian pagan, and neopagan religion can be considered. Religious organization can be applied to social change, social types, and social structure. Religious practice can so far be applied to social change and social types. Religious beliefs can so far be applied to social change. Government Government can be applied to social change, social types, and social structure. Particular governments can be applied to social change, social types, and social structure. International governments can be applied to social structure and change. Traditional empires, colonial empires, and modern compacts can be connected. National governments can be connected to social structure and change. Local governments can be connected to social structure and change. Government activities Government activities can be applied to social change. iAdministration and succession can be connected. State relations including diplomacy, espioange, and warfare can be connected. Government structure Government structure can so far be applied to social change. Political parties, judicial systems, legislative systems, executive systems, heads of state, and forms of government is connected. Law Law can so far be applied so socal change. Tribal law, Asiatic law, Western law, and International law will be useful. Economics Economics can be applied to social change, social types, and social structure. Economic systems can be applied to social structure adn change in general. Firms, networks, economic system types, and economic system behavior will be significant. Industries can be applied to social structure and change in general Companies and major industries including agriculture, extraction and manufacturing, building and contruction, social and medical, transportation, communication, and commercial and financial industries are significant. Economic activity can be applied to social structure and change in general. Production, consumption, and distribution can be connected. Education Education can be applied to social change, social types, and social structure. Schools can be connected to social structure and change in general. Higher education can be connected. Secondary schools and primary schools can be considered. Educational organization can be connected to social structure and change in general. Course material, students, faculty, and administration can be connected. Cultural institutions can be connected to social structure and change in general. Museums, libraries, and performance venues can be connected. Teaching can be connected to social structure and change. Research can be applied to social structure and change. Families Families can be applied to the examination of social change, social types, and social structure. Particular families can be connected. Kinship may at times be vital in investigation of this subject. Parenting may be useful. Marriage will be significant. Culture Social change, social types, and social structure can be examined using culture. Behavioral culture Events including miscellaneous events, disasters, meetings, and holidays are also important. Recreation and entertainment involving music, dance, theatre, sports and games are also influential in social structure and change. Occupations including food-related, building-related, Transportaion, communication, industrial occupations, and service occupations are significant. Customs including vital customs, living and dwelling customs, dress and adornment customs, social interaction customs, and institutional customs will be useful. Conceptual culture Philosophy including metaphysics, ethics, aesthetics, epistemology, and philosophical schools and doctrines may also be applied. Applied science including measurment, engineering science, navigation, medical science, information and computing science, accounting, and applied social science can be connected. Mathematics including foundations, arithmetic, algebra, analysis, geometry, and statistics can be connected. Literature including particular works, types and genres, forms, and oral tradittion is also important. Graphic arts including drawing, painting, printmaking, photography, and computer graphics are significant. Language including linguistics, writing, and languages of the world will be important. Material culture Miscellaneous artifacts including sculpture, musical instruments, medicines, and toys can be considered. Communications technology including electronic communication, graphic communication, and written communication is important. Transportation technology including space transportation, air transportation, water transportation, land transportation, and packaging is important. Clothing and dress is important. Foodstuffs including prepared food, processed and preserved food, and agricultural products are significant. Buildings including outdoor structures, complete buildings, furnishings, building components, and building materials can be connected. Industrial technology including tools, fuels, chemical technology, machinery, utilities, and other technology is useful. Anthropology Social groups are important. Human geography European geography including the Balkans, Italy, Iberia, Northwest Europe, Island Europe, Central Europe, Northeast Europe, and Scandianvia can be connected. Asian geography including Southwest Asia, South Asia, Central Asia, Southeast Asia, East Asia, and North Asia are all important. African geography including Northern African, Eastern African, Western African, North Central African, South Central African, and Southern African geography can be connected. North American geography including northern North America, Middle North America, and Southern North America is important. South American geography is also important. Oceanic geography can be considered. Human ecology Human effects on the environment can be connected. Relations with other life can be connected. Environmental effects on people can be connected. Physical anthropology Human dispersion can be connected. Racial variation can be connected. Human origins can be connected. Demography Population change can be connected. Population size and structure can be connected. Mortality and morbidity can be connected. Migration can be connected. Births can be connected. Social foundations Social group behavior can be connected. Social group types can be connected. Social control can be connected. Social interaction can be connected. Social presentation can be connected. Personal studies Biography Direct studies of individual biographies may be useful, but since most individuals are connected to some aspect of social structure and change, it is not useful to repeat the entire list here. Psychology Social psychology can be connected. Personality can be connected. Mental disorders can be connected. Developmental psychology can be connected. Behavior patterns can be connected. Mind can be connected. Behavioral elements can be connected. Human body Form and appearance can be connected. Disease can be connected. The human life cycle can be connected. Body function can be connected. Body systems can be connected. Science Biology Biohistory can be connected, though Precambrian, Paleozoic, and Mesozoic life are less directly useful than Cenozoic life. Ecology including behavioral ecology, population ecology, community ecology, system ecology, evolution, ecosystems, and biogeography can be connected. Systematics including animals, fungi, plants, protists, and microbes can be connected. Organism biology including behavior, life cycle, form, organ systems, tissues, and habitat can be connected. Cell biology including cell types, cell behavior, and cellular anatomy can be considered. Molecular biology including nucleic acids, proteins, carbohydrates, lipids, small organics, and inorganics can be connected. Earth science Geohistory including Precambrian, Paleozoic, Mesozoic, and Cenozoic times can be considered. Physical geography including mapping, oceanic geography, and terrestrial geograny can be connected. Atmospheric science including climate, meteorology, and atmospheric structure can be connected. Hydrospheric science including oceans, glaciers, groundwater, and freshwater can be connected. Geology including interior geology, geologic processes, landforms, rocks, and minerals can be connected. Astronomy Cosmology can be connected. Galactic astronomy can be connected. Stellar astronomy including astrocartography, star clusters, stars, and the interstellar medium can be connected. Local astronomy including solar system history, the sun, planetary systems, minor bodies, and the interplanetary medium can be connected. Chemistry Chemical systems including organic systems, inorganic systens, gaseous systems, liquid systems, and solid systems can be connected. Chemical change including nuclear reactions, chemical reactions, and physical change can be connected. Chemical substances including mixtures, compounds, and elements can be connected. Physics The structure of matter including exotic matter, common bulk matter, molecular physics, atomic physics, and subatomic physics can be connected. Quantum physics can be connected. Relativity including general relativity and special relativity can be connected. Electromagnetism including optics, magnetism, electric current, and electrostatics can be connected. Thermodynamics including nonclassical thermodynamics, classical thermodynamics, and statistical mechanics can be connected. Mechanics including gravitation, nonrigid body mechanics, rigid body mechanics, and particle mechanics can be connected.

History

Developments in social change, social types, and social structure can be followed through history, including prehistory, antiquity, classical and medieval times, and modern history. It may also be possible to project them into the future to a limited extent.

Links to other sites: Not yet available

Other Sociology

Peoples of the world and particular communities provide raw material and examples for the study of social change, social types, and social structure.

Institutions

Institutions can be applied to the examination of social change, social types, and social structure.

Religion

Religion can be applied to social change, social types, and social structure.

Particular traditions can be applied to social change, social types, and social structure.

Abrahamic religion can be applied to social change, social types, and social structure. Christianity can be applied to social structure and change. Old Christianity can be connected. Catholicism can be connected. Protestantism, Orthodoxy, and Mormonism are important. Islam can also be connected to social structure and change. Judaism can be applied to social structure and change.

Secularism can be applied to social structure and change. Asiatic religion can be connected to social structure and change. Persian, Indian, and Oriental varieties may be useful.

Pagan religion can be applied to social structure and change. European pagan, Asiatic pagan, African pagan, American Indian pagan, and neopagan religion can be considered.

Religious organization can be applied to social change, social types, and social structure.

Religious practice can so far be applied to social change and social types.

Religious beliefs can so far be applied to social change.

Government

Government can be applied to social change, social types, and social structure.

Particular governments can be applied to social change, social types, and social structure.

International governments can be applied to social structure and change. Traditional empires, colonial empires, and modern compacts can be connected. National governments can be connected to social structure and change. Local governments can be connected to social structure and change.

Government activities

Government activities can be applied to social change. iAdministration and succession can be connected. State relations including diplomacy, espioange, and warfare can be connected.

Government structure

Government structure can so far be applied to social change. Political parties, judicial systems, legislative systems, executive systems, heads of state, and forms of government is connected.

Law

Law can so far be applied so socal change. Tribal law, Asiatic law, Western law, and International law will be useful.

Economics

Economics can be applied to social change, social types, and social structure.

Economic systems can be applied to social structure adn change in general. Firms, networks, economic system types, and economic system behavior will be significant.

Industries can be applied to social structure and change in general Companies and major industries including agriculture, extraction and manufacturing, building and contruction, social and medical, transportation, communication, and commercial and financial industries are significant.

Economic activity can be applied to social structure and change in general. Production, consumption, and distribution can be connected.

Education

Education can be applied to social change, social types, and social structure.

Schools can be connected to social structure and change in general. Higher education can be connected. Secondary schools and primary schools can be considered.

Educational organization can be connected to social structure and change in general. Course material, students, faculty, and administration can be connected. Cultural institutions can be connected to social structure and change in general. Museums, libraries, and performance venues can be connected. Teaching can be connected to social structure and change. Research can be applied to social structure and change.

Families

Families can be applied to the examination of social change, social types, and social structure. Particular families can be connected. Kinship may at times be vital in investigation of this subject. Parenting may be useful. Marriage will be significant.

Culture

Social change, social types, and social structure can be examined using culture.

Behavioral culture

Events including miscellaneous events, disasters, meetings, and holidays are also important. Recreation and entertainment involving music, dance, theatre, sports and games are also influential in social structure and change. Occupations including food-related, building-related, Transportaion, communication, industrial occupations, and service occupations are significant. Customs including vital customs, living and dwelling customs, dress and adornment customs, social interaction customs, and institutional customs will be useful.

Conceptual culture

Philosophy including metaphysics, ethics, aesthetics, epistemology, and philosophical schools and doctrines may also be applied. Applied science including measurment, engineering science, navigation, medical science, information and computing science, accounting, and applied social science can be connected. Mathematics including foundations, arithmetic, algebra, analysis, geometry, and statistics can be connected. Literature including particular works, types and genres, forms, and oral tradittion is also important. Graphic arts including drawing, painting, printmaking, photography, and computer graphics are significant. Language including linguistics, writing, and languages of the world will be important.

Material culture

Miscellaneous artifacts including sculpture, musical instruments, medicines, and toys can be considered. Communications technology including electronic communication, graphic communication, and written communication is important. Transportation technology including space transportation, air transportation, water transportation, land transportation, and packaging is important. Clothing and dress is important. Foodstuffs including prepared food, processed and preserved food, and agricultural products are significant. Buildings including outdoor structures, complete buildings, furnishings, building components, and building materials can be connected. Industrial technology including tools, fuels, chemical technology, machinery, utilities, and other technology is useful.

Anthropology

Social groups are important.

Human geography

European geography including the Balkans, Italy, Iberia, Northwest Europe, Island Europe, Central Europe, Northeast Europe, and Scandianvia can be connected. Asian geography including Southwest Asia, South Asia, Central Asia, Southeast Asia, East Asia, and North Asia are all important. African geography including Northern African, Eastern African, Western African, North Central African, South Central African, and Southern African geography can be connected. North American geography including northern North America, Middle North America, and Southern North America is important. South American geography is also important. Oceanic geography can be considered.

Human ecology

Human effects on the environment can be connected. Relations with other life can be connected. Environmental effects on people can be connected.

Physical anthropology

Human dispersion can be connected. Racial variation can be connected. Human origins can be connected.

Demography

Population change can be connected. Population size and structure can be connected. Mortality and morbidity can be connected. Migration can be connected. Births can be connected.

Social foundations

Social group behavior can be connected. Social group types can be connected. Social control can be connected. Social interaction can be connected. Social presentation can be connected.

Personal studies

Biography

Direct studies of individual biographies may be useful, but since most individuals are connected to some aspect of social structure and change, it is not useful to repeat the entire list here.

Psychology

Social psychology can be connected. Personality can be connected. Mental disorders can be connected. Developmental psychology can be connected. Behavior patterns can be connected. Mind can be connected. Behavioral elements can be connected.

Human body

Form and appearance can be connected. Disease can be connected. The human life cycle can be connected. Body function can be connected. Body systems can be connected.

Science

Biology

Biohistory can be connected, though Precambrian, Paleozoic, and Mesozoic life are less directly useful than Cenozoic life. Ecology including behavioral ecology, population ecology, community ecology, system ecology, evolution, ecosystems, and biogeography can be connected. Systematics including animals, fungi, plants, protists, and microbes can be connected. Organism biology including behavior, life cycle, form, organ systems, tissues, and habitat can be connected. Cell biology including cell types, cell behavior, and cellular anatomy can be considered. Molecular biology including nucleic acids, proteins, carbohydrates, lipids, small organics, and inorganics can be connected.

Earth science

Geohistory including Precambrian, Paleozoic, Mesozoic, and Cenozoic times can be considered. Physical geography including mapping, oceanic geography, and terrestrial geograny can be connected. Atmospheric science including climate, meteorology, and atmospheric structure can be connected. Hydrospheric science including oceans, glaciers, groundwater, and freshwater can be connected. Geology including interior geology, geologic processes, landforms, rocks, and minerals can be connected.

Astronomy

Cosmology can be connected. Galactic astronomy can be connected. Stellar astronomy including astrocartography, star clusters, stars, and the interstellar medium can be connected. Local astronomy including solar system history, the sun, planetary systems, minor bodies, and the interplanetary medium can be connected.

Chemistry

Chemical systems including organic systems, inorganic systens, gaseous systems, liquid systems, and solid systems can be connected. Chemical change including nuclear reactions, chemical reactions, and physical change can be connected. Chemical substances including mixtures, compounds, and elements can be connected.

Physics

The structure of matter including exotic matter, common bulk matter, molecular physics, atomic physics, and subatomic physics can be connected. Quantum physics can be connected. Relativity including general relativity and special relativity can be connected. Electromagnetism including optics, magnetism, electric current, and electrostatics can be connected. Thermodynamics including nonclassical thermodynamics, classical thermodynamics, and statistical mechanics can be connected. Mechanics including gravitation, nonrigid body mechanics, rigid body mechanics, and particle mechanics can be connected.

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