Social structure and change


This section includes more of sociological theory and anthropology, rather than specific societies or communities. Social structure and change deals with large and small scale social processes, movements and change. These include processes such as industrialization, urbanization, colonialism and imperialism as well as decolonization. Types of societies, and how societies are organized will also be discussed.	Sapience Home Site Map About Sapience Sociology Social structure Social types Social change

This section includes more of sociological theory and anthropology, rather than specific societies or communities. Social structure and change deals with large and small scale social processes, movements and change. These include processes such as industrialization, urbanization, colonialism and imperialism as well as decolonization. Types of societies, and how societies are organized will also be discussed.

Sociology

Social structure

Social structure includes anthropological, cultural, institutional, and class including social differentiation.

Social types

Various ways of classifying societies are considered. These include, broadly, hunting and gathering, horticultural, agrarian, and industrial societies.

Social change

This includes studies of factors underlying social movements, processes of social change, and particular social changes and movements.


Science Physics and chemistry appear to be less useful than astronomy, which includes solar system astronomy, stellar astornomy, galactic astronomy, and cosmology. Earth science including geology, hydrospheric science, and atmospheric science may be useful. Physical geography including mapping, oceanic geography, and terrestrial geograny can be connected. Geohistory including Precambrian, Paleozoic, Mesozoic, and Cenozoic times can be considered.	Links to other sites: Not yet available
Biology can be applied. Molecular biology, cellular biology, organism biology, and systematics can be connected. Ecology including behavioral ecology, population ecology, community ecology, system ecology, evolution, ecosystems, and biogeography can be connected. Biohistory can be connected, though Precambrian, Paleozoic, and Mesozoic life are less directly useful than Cenozoic life. Personal studies The human body does not appear to be the most significant, but body structure, body function, disease, human life cycle, and form and appearance can possibly be connected. Psychology including behavioral elements, mind, behavior patterns, developmental psychology, mental disorders, personality, and social psychology may be useful. Direct studies of individual biography may be useful. Anthropology Social foundations including social presentation, social interaction, social control, social group behavior, and group types are ssomewhat useful. Demography including births, migration, morbidity and death, population structure, and population change will be useful. Physical anthropology including human origins, racial variation, and human dispersion can be connected. Human ecology including the impact of environment on people, other life forms, and the influence of people on the environment is essential. Human geography including Oceanic geography is also important. European geography including the Balkans, Italy, Iberia, Northwest Europe, Island Europe, Central Europe, Northeast Europe, and Scandianvia can be connected. Asian geography including Southwest Asia, South Asia, Central Asia, Southeast Asia, East Asia, and North Asia are all important. African geography including Northern African, Eastern African, Western African, North Central African, South Central African, and Southern African geography can be connected. North American geography including northern North America, Middle North America, and Southern North America is important. South American geography is also important. Social groups are also important. Culture Material culture is significant. Clothing, buildings, transportation technology, communications, and other artifacts are highly important. Industrial technology including tools, fuels, chemical technology, machinery, utilities, and other technology is useful. Foodstuffs including agricultural products, processed and preserved food, and prepared food are significant. Conceptual culture such as literature and mathematics is also vital. Language including linguistics, writing, and languages of the world will be important. Graphic arts including drawing, painting, printmaking, photography, and computer graphics are significant. Mathematics including foundations, arithmetic, algebra, analysis, geometry, and statistics can be connected. Applied science including measurment, engineering science, navigation, medical science, information and computing science, accounting, and applied social science can be connected. Philosophy including metaphysics, ethics, aesthetics, epistemology, and philosophical schools and doctrines may also be applied. Behavioral culture is also important. Customs including vital customs, living and dwelling customs, dress and adornment customs, social interaction customs, and institutional customs will be useful. Occupations including food-related, building-related, Transportaion, communication, industrial occupations, and service occupations are significant. Recreation and entertainment involving music, dance, theatre, sports and games are also influential in social structure and change. Events including miscellaneous events, disasters, meetings, and holidays are also important. Institutions Families are also important influences. Marriage, parenting, and kinship may at times be vital in investigation of this subject. Particular families can be connected. Education including research and teaching will be significant. Cultural institutions such museums, libraries, and performance venues can be connected Educational organization including course material, students, faculty, and administration can be connected. Schools including primary schools, secondary schools, and higher education can be considered. Economics is also significant. Economic activity including production, consumption, and distribution can be connected. Industries with companies and including agriculture, extraction and manufacturing, building and contruction, social and medical, transportation, communication, and commercial and financial industries are also significant. Economic systems including firms, networks, economic system types, and economic system behavior will be significant. Government is also important. Law including tribal law, Asiatic law, Western law, and International law is useful. Government structure including political parties, judicial systems, legislative systems, executive systems, heads of state, and forms of government is connected. Government activities including administraction, succession, and interstate relations is conneted. Particular governments including local and national governments can be applied. International governments including traditional empires, colonial empires, and modern compacts can be connected. Religion including beliefs, practices, and organization are also essential in studies of social structure and change. Particular traditions such as secularism are also important. Abrahamic religion including Christianity including Catholicism, Prtestantism, Orthodoxy, and Mormonism, Islam, and Judaism is important. Asiatic religion including Persian, Indian, and Oriental varieties is useful. Pagan religion including European pagan, Asiatic pagan, African pagan, American Indian pagan, and neopagan religion will be useful. Other Sociology Communities will illustrate examples and national differences. Canton, Istanbul, Rio de Janeiro, Tehran, London provides an example. Peoples of the world will provide examples for analysis and particular traditions of social structure, social types, and social change. A few particular nations have the beginnings of such analysis and provide examples. [ Colombia, Sudan, Spain, Argentina, Poland, Tanzania, Kenya, Morocco, Canada, Algeria, Afghanistan, Peru, Nepal]. Western Civilization is the most accessible and provides examples of social structure, types, and changes. [Among the nations included are Ukraine] [Cities include Moscow] Anglic peoples, including the United States and the UK are the most accessible of them. Anglo American peoples such as the Canadian, and British Carribean can be examined, British, and Anglo-Australian also. Cities include New York City, Los Angeles. Latin peoples including those of Italy; cities include Buenos Aires; French peoples including those of France; Hispanic peoples including those of Mexico with its city of Mexico City, Lusitanic peoples including those of Brazil with its city of Sao Paulo, Northeast European peoples such as those of Russia, Germanic peoples including Germany, Scandinavian peoples, and Balkan peoples will be most directly useful. Asiatic peoples include a variety of social structure, social types, and social changes. [Myanmar] [Prominent cities include Beijing]. Among the oldest and more complex are the peoples of the Middle East. Cities include Cairo. Nations include Egypt, Turkey, Iran. South Asian peoples including India with its cities of Bombay, Delhi, Calcutta also provide examples. Pakistan with its city of Karachi and Bangladesh also provide examples. [Cities include Dacca] Central Asian peoples such as are found in China and Russia are also of some use. Oriental peoples, [With cities such as Tokyo, Seoul Osaka] including nations of China with its city of Shanghai , Japan, and South Korea provide a number of examples. Southeast Asian peoples such as those of Indonesia with its city of Jakarta, the Philippines, Vietnam, and Thailand, provide another set. Cities include Manila. African peoples, including South Africa can be examined. East African peoples including those of Ethiopia can be connected. West African peoples including those of Nigeria are connected. Central African peoples including Congo can be connected. American Indian peoples as are now found in Mexico may also be significant. South American Indians such as are found in Brazil are also significant. North American Indians such as are found in the United States are important. History Developments in social structure, social types, and social changes can be followed through history, including prehistory, antiquity, classical and medieval times, and modern history. It may also be possible to project them into the future to a limited extent.

Science

Physics and chemistry appear to be less useful than astronomy, which includes solar system astronomy, stellar astornomy, galactic astronomy, and cosmology. Earth science including geology, hydrospheric science, and atmospheric science may be useful. Physical geography including mapping, oceanic geography, and terrestrial geograny can be connected. Geohistory including Precambrian, Paleozoic, Mesozoic, and Cenozoic times can be considered.

Links to other sites: Not yet available

Biology can be applied. Molecular biology, cellular biology, organism biology, and systematics can be connected. Ecology including behavioral ecology, population ecology, community ecology, system ecology, evolution, ecosystems, and biogeography can be connected. Biohistory can be connected, though Precambrian, Paleozoic, and Mesozoic life are less directly useful than Cenozoic life.

Personal studies

The human body does not appear to be the most significant, but body structure, body function, disease, human life cycle, and form and appearance can possibly be connected. Psychology including behavioral elements, mind, behavior patterns, developmental psychology, mental disorders, personality, and social psychology may be useful. Direct studies of individual biography may be useful.

Anthropology

Social foundations including social presentation, social interaction, social control, social group behavior, and group types are ssomewhat useful. Demography including births, migration, morbidity and death, population structure, and population change will be useful. Physical anthropology including human origins, racial variation, and human dispersion can be connected. Human ecology including the impact of environment on people, other life forms, and the influence of people on the environment is essential. Human geography including Oceanic geography is also important. European geography including the Balkans, Italy, Iberia, Northwest Europe, Island Europe, Central Europe, Northeast Europe, and Scandianvia can be connected. Asian geography including Southwest Asia, South Asia, Central Asia, Southeast Asia, East Asia, and North Asia are all important. African geography including Northern African, Eastern African, Western African, North Central African, South Central African, and Southern African geography can be connected. North American geography including northern North America, Middle North America, and Southern North America is important. South American geography is also important. Social groups are also important.

Culture

Material culture is significant. Clothing, buildings, transportation technology, communications, and other artifacts are highly important. Industrial technology including tools, fuels, chemical technology, machinery, utilities, and other technology is useful. Foodstuffs including agricultural products, processed and preserved food, and prepared food are significant. Conceptual culture such as literature and mathematics is also vital. Language including linguistics, writing, and languages of the world will be important. Graphic arts including drawing, painting, printmaking, photography, and computer graphics are significant. Mathematics including foundations, arithmetic, algebra, analysis, geometry, and statistics can be connected. Applied science including measurment, engineering science, navigation, medical science, information and computing science, accounting, and applied social science can be connected. Philosophy including metaphysics, ethics, aesthetics, epistemology, and philosophical schools and doctrines may also be applied.

Behavioral culture is also important. Customs including vital customs, living and dwelling customs, dress and adornment customs, social interaction customs, and institutional customs will be useful. Occupations including food-related, building-related, Transportaion, communication, industrial occupations, and service occupations are significant. Recreation and entertainment involving music, dance, theatre, sports and games are also influential in social structure and change. Events including miscellaneous events, disasters, meetings, and holidays are also important.

Institutions

Families are also important influences. Marriage, parenting, and kinship may at times be vital in investigation of this subject. Particular families can be connected. Education including research and teaching will be significant. Cultural institutions such museums, libraries, and performance venues can be connected Educational organization including course material, students, faculty, and administration can be connected. Schools including primary schools, secondary schools, and higher education can be considered. Economics is also significant. Economic activity including production, consumption, and distribution can be connected. Industries with companies and including agriculture, extraction and manufacturing, building and contruction, social and medical, transportation, communication, and commercial and financial industries are also significant. Economic systems including firms, networks, economic system types, and economic system behavior will be significant.

Government is also important. Law including tribal law, Asiatic law, Western law, and International law is useful. Government structure including political parties, judicial systems, legislative systems, executive systems, heads of state, and forms of government is connected. Government activities including administraction, succession, and interstate relations is conneted. Particular governments including local and national governments can be applied. International governments including traditional empires, colonial empires, and modern compacts can be connected.

Religion including beliefs, practices, and organization are also essential in studies of social structure and change. Particular traditions such as secularism are also important. Abrahamic religion including Christianity including Catholicism, Prtestantism, Orthodoxy, and Mormonism, Islam, and Judaism is important. Asiatic religion including Persian, Indian, and Oriental varieties is useful. Pagan religion including European pagan, Asiatic pagan, African pagan, American Indian pagan, and neopagan religion will be useful.

Other Sociology

Communities will illustrate examples and national differences. Canton, Istanbul, Rio de Janeiro, Tehran, London provides an example.

Peoples of the world will provide examples for analysis and particular traditions of social structure, social types, and social change. A few particular nations have the beginnings of such analysis and provide examples. [ Colombia, Sudan, Spain, Argentina, Poland, Tanzania, Kenya, Morocco, Canada, Algeria, Afghanistan, Peru, Nepal].

Western Civilization is the most accessible and provides examples of social structure, types, and changes. [Among the nations included are Ukraine] [Cities include Moscow] Anglic peoples, including the United States and the UK are the most accessible of them. Anglo American peoples such as the Canadian, and British Carribean can be examined, British, and Anglo-Australian also. Cities include New York City, Los Angeles. Latin peoples including those of Italy; cities include Buenos Aires; French peoples including those of France; Hispanic peoples including those of Mexico with its city of Mexico City, Lusitanic peoples including those of Brazil with its city of Sao Paulo, Northeast European peoples such as those of Russia, Germanic peoples including Germany, Scandinavian peoples, and Balkan peoples will be most directly useful.

Asiatic peoples include a variety of social structure, social types, and social changes. [Myanmar] [Prominent cities include Beijing]. Among the oldest and more complex are the peoples of the Middle East. Cities include Cairo. Nations include Egypt, Turkey, Iran. South Asian peoples including India with its cities of Bombay, Delhi, Calcutta also provide examples. Pakistan with its city of Karachi and Bangladesh also provide examples. [Cities include Dacca] Central Asian peoples such as are found in China and Russia are also of some use. Oriental peoples, [With cities such as Tokyo, Seoul Osaka] including nations of China with its city of Shanghai , Japan, and South Korea provide a number of examples. Southeast Asian peoples such as those of Indonesia with its city of Jakarta, the Philippines, Vietnam, and Thailand, provide another set. Cities include Manila.

African peoples, including South Africa can be examined. East African peoples including those of Ethiopia can be connected. West African peoples including those of Nigeria are connected. Central African peoples including Congo can be connected.

American Indian peoples as are now found in Mexico may also be significant. South American Indians such as are found in Brazil are also significant. North American Indians such as are found in the United States are important.

History

Developments in social structure, social types, and social changes can be followed through history, including prehistory, antiquity, classical and medieval times, and modern history. It may also be possible to project them into the future to a limited extent.

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