Peoples of the world


Peoples is a rather fuzzily defined subject. The term may correspond to a civilization, nationality, culture, language group, or ethnic group. It is easier to recognize one than to come up with an exact definition. Peoples are not entirely distinct from one another and change from region to region and over time. Although in principle all peoples are equally worthy of attention, it is in practice not possible to give them equal weight. Greater weight and attention is given to those peoples that are most populous, have a well-developed culture, a long history, and frequent interactions with their neighbors. Due to limitations of time and resources, only the most prominent ones can be discussed at present. For purposes of study, peoples are at present divided into four major categories: Asiatic peoples and civilization, Western civilization, African peoples and civilization, and American Indian peoples and civilization.	Sapience Home Site Map About Sapience Sociology Western Civilization Asiatic Civilization African peoples American Indian peoples Nations

Peoples is a rather fuzzily defined subject. The term may correspond to a civilization, nationality, culture, language group, or ethnic group. It is easier to recognize one than to come up with an exact definition. Peoples are not entirely distinct from one another and change from region to region and over time.

Although in principle all peoples are equally worthy of attention, it is in practice not possible to give them equal weight. Greater weight and attention is given to those peoples that are most populous, have a well-developed culture, a long history, and frequent interactions with their neighbors. Due to limitations of time and resources, only the most prominent ones can be discussed at present.

For purposes of study, peoples are at present divided into four major categories: Asiatic peoples and civilization, Western civilization, African peoples and civilization, and American Indian peoples and civilization.

Sociology

Nations

As a reference, the larger nations of the world are listed in an alphabetical order. This list may be extended to include nations which no longer exist, but which were historically important.

Western Civilization

This includes subdivisions of Anglic peoples, Latin peoples, Germanic peoples, Northeast European peoples, Balkan peoples, and Scandinavian peoples.

Asiatic Civilization

This includes subdivisions of Middle East, South Asian peoples, Central Asian peoples, Oriental peoples, and Southeast Asian and Oceanic peoples.

African peoples

This will include subdivisions of East African peoples, West African peoples, Southern African peoples, and Central African peoples.

American Indian peoples

On this site, this means the Native American or American Indian peoples. North American Indian peoples, Middle American Indian peoples (which includes Mexico and Central American), and South American Indian peoples are included. The history of these peoples is little known before Columbus and submerged in the European-derived national cultures since then, but more information will be included as the site develops.


History Particular nations are not identical with peoples since many nations contain more than one people and many peoples are spread over more than one nation. However, they do provide useful introductions to the subject. Recorded history begins with Asiatic peoples, a diverse group. These gave rise to Western civilization. Although according to current anthropological theory, the African peoples are the oldest of all the peoples of the world, their history was not recorded until recently. The American Indian peoples underwent a largely separate development from those of the Old world, and most of their records have been lost. These developments can be followed through prehistory, antiquity, and classical and medieval times. In modern times Western civilization has been prominent and influential. Asiatic peoples were eclipsed by them for most of the period. African peoples were not well connected. American Indian peoples became connected. Developments of the future are not yet well known.	Links to other sites: Dr. Vess' World Civilizations Virtual Library World Civilizations Access Map
Other Sociology Peoples of the world depend heavily on other areas of sociology, including communities and social structure and change. Institutions Studies of peoples of the world depend heavily on the institutions including religion, government, education, economics, and families. Culture Behavioral culture, conceptual culture, and material culture can be applied to the examination of Western Civilization, Asiatic peoples, African peoples, and American Indian peoples. Behavioral culture Behavioral culture including cultural events, recreation and entertainment, occupations, and customs is important in describing Western Civilization, Asiatic peoples, African peoples, and American Indian peoples. Cultural events can be applied to the examination of Western Civilization, Asiatic peoples, African peoples, and American Indian peoples. Holidays can be connected to peoples. Gatherings can be connected to peoples. Disasters can be connected to peoples. Miscellaneous events can be connected to peoples. Recreation and entertainment can be applied to the examination of Western Civilization, Asiatic peoples, and American Indian peoples. Sports can be applied to the examination of peoples. Games can be used to examine peoples. Theater can be used to examine peoples. Dance can be used to examine peoples. music can be used to examine peoples. Occupations are useful in describing Western Civilization, Asiatic peoples, and American Indian peoples. Service occupations can be connected to peoples. Institutional services, business and commercial services, sports, recreation and entertainment, and social and medical occupations can be connected. Industrial occupations can be connected to peoples. Communication occupations can be connected to peoples. Transportation occupations can be connected to peoples. Building occupations can be connected to peoples. Food related occupations can be connected to peoples. Customs can be applied to Western Civilization, Asiatic peoples, and American Indian peoples. Institutional customs, social interaction, dress and adornment, living and dwelling, and vital customs are important. Conceptual culture Conceptual culture is essential in describing Western Civilization, Asiatic peoples, African peoples, and American Indian peoples. Philosophy can be applied to Western Civilization, Asiatic peoples, and American Indian peoples. Areas of schools and doctrines, metaphysics, aesthetics, ethics, epistemology, and logic vary from one people to another. Applied science can be used in characterizing and describing Western Civilization, Asiatic peoples, and American Indian peoples. Applied social science can be connected to peoples. Accounting can be connected to peoples. Information science can be applied to peoples. Medical science can be applied to peoples. Navigation can be applied to peoples. Engineering science can be applied to peoples. Measurement can be applied to peoples. Mathematics can be applied to Western Civilization, African peoples, and American Indian peoples. Statistics can be applied to peoples. Geometry can be applied to peoples. Analysis can be applied to peoples. Algebra can be applied to peoples. Arithmetic can be applied to peoples. Mathematical foundations can be applied to peoples. Literature can be applied to peoples of the world. Literary works can be connected to peoples. Literary genres can be applied to peoples. Literary forms can be applied to peoples. oral tradition can also be applied to peoples. Graphic arts can be applied to peoples of the world. computer graphics, photography, printmaking, painting, and drawing will be useful. Language is particularly significant and can be applied to peoples of the world. Languages of the world can be applied to peoples. Indo-European languages, Afro-Asiatic languages, Asiatic languages, African languages, and American Indian languages are highly important. Writing can be applied to peoples. Linguistics can be applied to peoples. Material culture Material culture can be applied to Western Civilization, Asiatic peoples, African peoples, and American Indian peoples. Miscellaneous artifacts such as toys, medicines, musical intruments, and sculpture can be connected to peoples. Communications technology including electronic communication, graphic communication, and written communication can be applied to peoples. Transportation technology including space transportation, air transportation, water transportation, land transportation, and packaging can be applied to peoples. Clothing including textiles, garments, and adornment can be applied to peoples. Foodstuffs including agricultural products, processed and preserved foods, and prepared foods can be applied to peoples. Building technology including materials, components, furnishings, finished buildings, and outdoor structures can be applied to peoples.Industrial technology including tools, fuels, chemical technology, machinery, utilities, and other technology can be applied to peoples. Anthropology Western Civilization, Asiatic peoples, African peoples, and American Indian peoples are be inflenced by various aspects of anthropology. Particular groups Particular groups can be connected to Western Civilization, Asiatic peoples, African peoples, and American Indian peoples. One example is the Wright brothers. Human geography The geography of peoples is based on human geography, but is not identical to it. Western Civilization, Asiatic peoples, African peoples, and American indian peoples can be applied. European geography can be examined using peoples. Island Europe, Northwestern Europe, Iberia, Italy, the Balkans, Central Europe, Eastern Europe, and Scandinavia is important. Asian geography can be examined using Asiatic peoples and Western Civilization. Southwest Asia can be examined using peoples. The Near East, Arabia, and Asia Minor, the Transcaucasus, and Iranian highlangs can be considered. South Asian geography, Central Asian geograpy, Southeast Asian geography, East Asian geography, and North Asian geography can be considered. North American geography can be examined using peoples of the world. Northern North American geography, Middle American (US), and Southern North American geography can be connected. South American geograpy can be examined using peoples. African geography can be examined using peoples. North African geography, East African geography, North Central African geography, South Central African geography, West African geography, and Southern African geography are the areas most important to the peoples so far considered. Oceanic geography can be examined using peoples. Human ecology Human ecology can be applied to Western Civilization, Asiatic peoples, African peoples, and American indian peoples. The influence of mankind on the environment can perhaps be applied to peoples of the world. Relations with other life can be applied to peoples of the world. The influence of the environment on these peoples will also be useful. Physical anthropology Physical anthropology can be applied to Western Civilization, Asiatic peoples, African peoples, and American Indian peoples. Human dispersion can be applied to peoples. Racial variation is useful in examining peoples. Human origins will also be useful in examining peoples. Demography Demography can be applied to Western Civilization, Asiatic peoples, African peoples, and American Indian peoples. Population change can be applied to peoples. Population structure can be applied to peoples. Morbidity and mortality can be applied to peoples. Migration can be applied to peoples. Birth and fertility can be applied to peoples. Social foundations Soical foundations can be applied to Western Civilization, Asiatic peoples, African peoples, and American Indian peoples. Social group behavior can be applied to peoples. Social group types can be applied to peoples. Social control can be applied to peoples. Social interaction can be applied to peoples. Social presentation may be useful to studies of peoples. Personal studies Western Civilization, Asiatic peoples, African peoples, and American Indian peoples can be examined using personal studies. Biography The biographical listing of individuals is not duplicated here, since everyone belongs to at least one of these peoples, but important contributors to the study of peoples may be mentioned. Western Civilization is most easily examined, and Asiatic peoples are next. There are unfortunately few references to African peoples or American Indian peoples. Psychology Western Civilization, Asiatic peoples, African peoples, and American Indian peoples can be examined using psychology. Social psychology can be connected to peoples. Personality can be connected to peoples. Developmental psychology can be connected to peoples. Mental disorders can be connected to peoples. Behavior patterns can be connected to peoples. Mind can be connected to peoples. Behavioral fundamentals are mostly at a fairly low level, but may be useful to peoples. The Human body The human body seems to be largely at too low a level to be helpful to Western Civilization, Asiatic peoples, African peoples, or American Indian peoples but may be of some use. Form and appearance can be connected to peoples. The human life cycle including gestation, infancy, childhood, adulthood, senescence, and death, disease, body functions including control functions, reproduction, vital functions, and mobility, and body systems including control systems, reproductive system vital systems, and structural systems can be considered. Science Science can be applied to Western Civilization, Asiatic peoples, African peoples, and American Indian peoples. Biology Biology can be applied to Western civlization, Asiatic peoples, African peoples, and American Indian peoples. Biohistory including Precambrian, Paleozoic, Mesozoic, and Cenozoic biology down to the Pliocene, Pleistocene, and Holocene epochs can be considered. Ecology including biogeography, ecosystems, evolution, system ecology, community ecology, population ecology, and behavioral ecology can be connected. systematics including animals, fungi, plants, protists, and microbes can be connected. Organism biology including behavior, life cycle, forms, organs systems, tissues, and habital is less directly useful. Cell biology including cell types, behavior, and anatomy seems to be indirectly useful. Molecular biology including nucleinc acids, proteins, Lipids, carbohydrates, small organics, and inorganics seems to be at best indirectly useful. Earth science geohistory including Precambrian, Paoeozoic, Mesozoic, and Cenozoic geology including the Pleistocene and Holocene epocs can be considered. Physical geography including mapping, Terrestrial geography, and oceanic geography can be connected. Atmospheric science including climatology, meteorology, and atmospheric structure can be connected. Hydrospheric science including studies of the oceans, glaciers, groundwater, and freshwater can possibly be connected.Geology including interior geology, geologic processes, landforms, petrology, and mineralogy can possibly be connected. Astronomy Cosmology does not seem to be strongly connected, and galactic astronomy does not seem to be particularly useful. Stellar astronomy including astrocartography, star systems, stars, and the interstallar medium can be connected. Solar System astronomy including solar system history, the sun, solar planetary systems, minor bodies, and the interplanetary medium seem to be better connected. Chemistry Chemical systems including organic chemistry, inorganic chemistry, liquid chemistry, and solid chemistry might be connected. Chemical change including nuclear change, chemical reactions, and physical change can be connected. Chemical substances including mixtures, compounds, and elements can be connected. Physics The structure of matter including exotic matter, bulk matter, molecular physics, atomic physics, and subatomic physics can be connected. Quantum physics can be connected. Relativity can be be connected. Electromagnetism including optics, magnetism, electric current, and electrostatics can be connected. Thermodynamics including nonclassical thermodynamics, classical thermodynamics, and statistical mechanics can be connected. Mechanics including gravitation, nonrigid body mechanics, rigid body mechanics, and particle mechanics can be connected.

History

Particular nations are not identical with peoples since many nations contain more than one people and many peoples are spread over more than one nation. However, they do provide useful introductions to the subject. Recorded history begins with Asiatic peoples, a diverse group. These gave rise to Western civilization. Although according to current anthropological theory, the African peoples are the oldest of all the peoples of the world, their history was not recorded until recently. The American Indian peoples underwent a largely separate development from those of the Old world, and most of their records have been lost. These developments can be followed through prehistory, antiquity, and classical and medieval times. In modern times Western civilization has been prominent and influential. Asiatic peoples were eclipsed by them for most of the period. African peoples were not well connected. American Indian peoples became connected. Developments of the future are not yet well known.

Links to other sites:
Dr. Vess' World Civilizations Virtual Library
World Civilizations Access Map

Other Sociology

Peoples of the world depend heavily on other areas of sociology, including communities and social structure and change.

Institutions

Studies of peoples of the world depend heavily on the institutions including religion, government, education, economics, and families.

Culture

Behavioral culture, conceptual culture, and material culture can be applied to the examination of Western Civilization, Asiatic peoples, African peoples, and American Indian peoples.

Behavioral culture

Behavioral culture including cultural events, recreation and entertainment, occupations, and customs is important in describing Western Civilization, Asiatic peoples, African peoples, and American Indian peoples.

Cultural events can be applied to the examination of Western Civilization, Asiatic peoples, African peoples, and American Indian peoples. Holidays can be connected to peoples. Gatherings can be connected to peoples. Disasters can be connected to peoples. Miscellaneous events can be connected to peoples.

Recreation and entertainment can be applied to the examination of Western Civilization, Asiatic peoples, and American Indian peoples. Sports can be applied to the examination of peoples. Games can be used to examine peoples. Theater can be used to examine peoples. Dance can be used to examine peoples. music can be used to examine peoples.

Occupations are useful in describing Western Civilization, Asiatic peoples, and American Indian peoples. Service occupations can be connected to peoples. Institutional services, business and commercial services, sports, recreation and entertainment, and social and medical occupations can be connected. Industrial occupations can be connected to peoples. Communication occupations can be connected to peoples. Transportation occupations can be connected to peoples. Building occupations can be connected to peoples. Food related occupations can be connected to peoples.

Customs can be applied to Western Civilization, Asiatic peoples, and American Indian peoples. Institutional customs, social interaction, dress and adornment, living and dwelling, and vital customs are important.

Conceptual culture

Conceptual culture is essential in describing Western Civilization, Asiatic peoples, African peoples, and American Indian peoples.

Philosophy can be applied to Western Civilization, Asiatic peoples, and American Indian peoples. Areas of schools and doctrines, metaphysics, aesthetics, ethics, epistemology, and logic vary from one people to another.

Applied science can be used in characterizing and describing Western Civilization, Asiatic peoples, and American Indian peoples. Applied social science can be connected to peoples. Accounting can be connected to peoples. Information science can be applied to peoples. Medical science can be applied to peoples. Navigation can be applied to peoples. Engineering science can be applied to peoples. Measurement can be applied to peoples.

Mathematics can be applied to Western Civilization, African peoples, and American Indian peoples. Statistics can be applied to peoples. Geometry can be applied to peoples. Analysis can be applied to peoples. Algebra can be applied to peoples. Arithmetic can be applied to peoples. Mathematical foundations can be applied to peoples.

Literature can be applied to peoples of the world. Literary works can be connected to peoples. Literary genres can be applied to peoples. Literary forms can be applied to peoples. oral tradition can also be applied to peoples.

Graphic arts can be applied to peoples of the world. computer graphics, photography, printmaking, painting, and drawing will be useful.

Language is particularly significant and can be applied to peoples of the world. Languages of the world can be applied to peoples. Indo-European languages, Afro-Asiatic languages, Asiatic languages, African languages, and American Indian languages are highly important. Writing can be applied to peoples. Linguistics can be applied to peoples.

Material culture

Material culture can be applied to Western Civilization, Asiatic peoples, African peoples, and American Indian peoples. Miscellaneous artifacts such as toys, medicines, musical intruments, and sculpture can be connected to peoples. Communications technology including electronic communication, graphic communication, and written communication can be applied to peoples. Transportation technology including space transportation, air transportation, water transportation, land transportation, and packaging can be applied to peoples. Clothing including textiles, garments, and adornment can be applied to peoples. Foodstuffs including agricultural products, processed and preserved foods, and prepared foods can be applied to peoples. Building technology including materials, components, furnishings, finished buildings, and outdoor structures can be applied to peoples.Industrial technology including tools, fuels, chemical technology, machinery, utilities, and other technology can be applied to peoples.

Anthropology

Western Civilization, Asiatic peoples, African peoples, and American Indian peoples are be inflenced by various aspects of anthropology.

Particular groups

Particular groups can be connected to Western Civilization, Asiatic peoples, African peoples, and American Indian peoples. One example is the Wright brothers.

Human geography

The geography of peoples is based on human geography, but is not identical to it. Western Civilization, Asiatic peoples, African peoples, and American indian peoples can be applied.

European geography can be examined using peoples. Island Europe, Northwestern Europe, Iberia, Italy, the Balkans, Central Europe, Eastern Europe, and Scandinavia is important.

Asian geography can be examined using Asiatic peoples and Western Civilization. Southwest Asia can be examined using peoples. The Near East, Arabia, and Asia Minor, the Transcaucasus, and Iranian highlangs can be considered. South Asian geography, Central Asian geograpy, Southeast Asian geography, East Asian geography, and North Asian geography can be considered.

North American geography can be examined using peoples of the world. Northern North American geography, Middle American (US), and Southern North American geography can be connected.

South American geograpy can be examined using peoples.

African geography can be examined using peoples. North African geography, East African geography, North Central African geography, South Central African geography, West African geography, and Southern African geography are the areas most important to the peoples so far considered.

Oceanic geography can be examined using peoples.

Human ecology

Human ecology can be applied to Western Civilization, Asiatic peoples, African peoples, and American indian peoples. The influence of mankind on the environment can perhaps be applied to peoples of the world. Relations with other life can be applied to peoples of the world. The influence of the environment on these peoples will also be useful.

Physical anthropology

Physical anthropology can be applied to Western Civilization, Asiatic peoples, African peoples, and American Indian peoples. Human dispersion can be applied to peoples. Racial variation is useful in examining peoples. Human origins will also be useful in examining peoples.

Demography

Demography can be applied to Western Civilization, Asiatic peoples, African peoples, and American Indian peoples. Population change can be applied to peoples. Population structure can be applied to peoples. Morbidity and mortality can be applied to peoples. Migration can be applied to peoples. Birth and fertility can be applied to peoples.

Social foundations

Soical foundations can be applied to Western Civilization, Asiatic peoples, African peoples, and American Indian peoples. Social group behavior can be applied to peoples. Social group types can be applied to peoples. Social control can be applied to peoples. Social interaction can be applied to peoples. Social presentation may be useful to studies of peoples.

Personal studies

Western Civilization, Asiatic peoples, African peoples, and American Indian peoples can be examined using personal studies.

Biography

The biographical listing of individuals is not duplicated here, since everyone belongs to at least one of these peoples, but important contributors to the study of peoples may be mentioned. Western Civilization is most easily examined, and Asiatic peoples are next. There are unfortunately few references to African peoples or American Indian peoples.

Psychology

Western Civilization, Asiatic peoples, African peoples, and American Indian peoples can be examined using psychology.

Social psychology can be connected to peoples. Personality can be connected to peoples. Developmental psychology can be connected to peoples. Mental disorders can be connected to peoples. Behavior patterns can be connected to peoples. Mind can be connected to peoples. Behavioral fundamentals are mostly at a fairly low level, but may be useful to peoples.

The Human body

The human body seems to be largely at too low a level to be helpful to Western Civilization, Asiatic peoples, African peoples, or American Indian peoples but may be of some use. Form and appearance can be connected to peoples. The human life cycle including gestation, infancy, childhood, adulthood, senescence, and death, disease, body functions including control functions, reproduction, vital functions, and mobility, and body systems including control systems, reproductive system vital systems, and structural systems can be considered.

Science

Science can be applied to Western Civilization, Asiatic peoples, African peoples, and American Indian peoples.

Biology

Biology can be applied to Western civlization, Asiatic peoples, African peoples, and American Indian peoples.

Biohistory including Precambrian, Paleozoic, Mesozoic, and Cenozoic biology down to the Pliocene, Pleistocene, and Holocene epochs can be considered. Ecology including biogeography, ecosystems, evolution, system ecology, community ecology, population ecology, and behavioral ecology can be connected. systematics including animals, fungi, plants, protists, and microbes can be connected. Organism biology including behavior, life cycle, forms, organs systems, tissues, and habital is less directly useful. Cell biology including cell types, behavior, and anatomy seems to be indirectly useful. Molecular biology including nucleinc acids, proteins, Lipids, carbohydrates, small organics, and inorganics seems to be at best indirectly useful.

Earth science

geohistory including Precambrian, Paoeozoic, Mesozoic, and Cenozoic geology including the Pleistocene and Holocene epocs can be considered. Physical geography including mapping, Terrestrial geography, and oceanic geography can be connected. Atmospheric science including climatology, meteorology, and atmospheric structure can be connected. Hydrospheric science including studies of the oceans, glaciers, groundwater, and freshwater can possibly be connected.Geology including interior geology, geologic processes, landforms, petrology, and mineralogy can possibly be connected.

Astronomy

Cosmology does not seem to be strongly connected, and galactic astronomy does not seem to be particularly useful. Stellar astronomy including astrocartography, star systems, stars, and the interstallar medium can be connected. Solar System astronomy including solar system history, the sun, solar planetary systems, minor bodies, and the interplanetary medium seem to be better connected.

Chemistry

Chemical systems including organic chemistry, inorganic chemistry, liquid chemistry, and solid chemistry might be connected. Chemical change including nuclear change, chemical reactions, and physical change can be connected. Chemical substances including mixtures, compounds, and elements can be connected.

Physics

The structure of matter including exotic matter, bulk matter, molecular physics, atomic physics, and subatomic physics can be connected. Quantum physics can be connected. Relativity can be be connected. Electromagnetism including optics, magnetism, electric current, and electrostatics can be connected. Thermodynamics including nonclassical thermodynamics, classical thermodynamics, and statistical mechanics can be connected. Mechanics including gravitation, nonrigid body mechanics, rigid body mechanics, and particle mechanics can be connected.

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