Sudan

Sudan is one of the 30 most populous countries in the world.

History

I have no solid information on prehistory including early prehistory, middle prehistory, or late prehistory.

Antiquity

In the 5th millennium BC, the people of what is now Sudan had a Neolithic culture. Details of the early 5th millennium BC, the early mid 5th millennium BC, the mid 5th milennium BC, the late mid 5th millennium BC, and the late 5th millennium BC are not yet present. In the 4th millennium BC, Neolithic culture continued. The early 4th millennium BC, the early mid 4th millennium BC, the mid 4th millennium BC, the late mid 4th millennium BC, and the late 4th millennium BC can be connected. In the 3rd millennium BC this region was known as Cush, and was closely tied to and largely dominated by Egypt. The early 3rd millennium BC the early mid 3rd millennium BC, the mid 3rd millennium BC, the late mid 3rd millennium BC, and the late 3rd millennium BC can be considered.

The 2nd Millennium BC can be connected. In the early 2nd millennium BC, Egyptians dominated the region. In the early mid 2nd millennium BC, the Egyptian kingdom was defeated by the Hyksos, and a native kingdom arose. In the mid 2nd millennium BC, Egyptian power revived under the New Kingdom, and in the late mid 2nd millennium BC, Cush was ruled by Egypts. In the late 2nd millennium BC, the power of the New Kingdom waned, but there is little specific information about Cush.

The early first millennium BC can be connected. I have no details of the 10th century BC or 9th century BC. In the 8th century BC, an independent Kushite kingdom centered at Napata arose to rule Egypt. In the 7th century BC, this kingdom was defeated by the Assyrians, and surrendered control of Egypt. In the 6th century BC, Egyptians defeated the Kushites and sacked Napata, but the Kushites moved their capital to Meroe and continued to rule.

Classical and medieval history

In early classical times, the kingdom of Meroe, which was heavily influenced by Egypt, occupied most of the region. I do not yet have details of the 5th century BC, the 4h century BC, the 3rd century BC, the 2nd century BC, or the 1st century BC. In late classical times, it was partly occupied by the Nabatae and the kingdom of Axum. I do not yet have details of the 1st century CE, 2nd century CE, 3rd century CE, 4th century CE, or 5th century CE. In early medieval times, it was first Christianized, and then conquered by Islam. I do not yet have details of the 6th century CE, 7th century CE, 8th century CE, 9th century CE, or 10th century CE. In late medieval times, it was largely Islamic. I do not yet have details of the 11th century CE, the 12th century CE, the 13th century CE, the 14th century CE, or the 15th century CE.

Modern history

The 16th century is somewhat obscure. I do not yet have details on the early 16th century, early mid 16th century, mid 16th century, late-mid 16th century, or late 16th century. In the 17th century, the Funj empire or kingdom of Sinnar was important. I lack details of the the early 17th century, early mid 17th century, mid 17th century, late-mid 17th century, or late 17th century. During the 18th century, the Funj empire or kingdom of Sinnar was important. I lack details of the early 18th century, early-mid 18th century, mid 18th century, late-mid 18h century, and late 18th century. By the 19th century, it was being explored by European explorers. I do not yet have details on the early 19th century, early-mid 19th century, mid 19th century, late-mid 19th century, or late 19th century.

In the 20th century it became politically independent. In the early 1900s, it was ruled by the British as two separate colonies. In the early-mid 20th century including the early 1920s, late 1920s, early 1930s, and late 1930s British rule in the south became more effective. In the mid 20th century, the British united its two colonies and granted them independence as a single nation, but civil war between the north and south broke out almost immediately. I do not yet have details of the early 1940s, late 1940s, early 1950s, or late 1950s. In the late-mid 20th century, its govenment was unstable, but the civil war was brought to an end. I do not yet have details of the early 1960s, late 1960s, early 1970s, or late 1970s. In the late 20th century, civil war again broke out. I do not have much information on the early 1980s, late 1980s, early 1990s, or late 1990s.

In the early 21st century, warfare continues, with much conflict centered in the western region of Darfur. Neighboring Chad and Ethiopia also became involved. The early 2000s including 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004, and 2005 can be discussed. The late 2000s including 2006 and 2007 down to the 1st quarter, 2nd quarter, and 3rd quarter to July, August, and September have recent events. The fourth quarter including October, November, and December also has recent events. 2008 including the first quarter, second quarter, third quarter, and fourth quarter can be considered. 2009 can be connected. Events of 2010 can be connected. Events of the first quarter 2010 including January 2010, February 2010, and March 2010 and the second quarter 2010 can be connected.

Its future including the near future, middle future, and far future is obscure.

Other Sociology

Various peoples of the world can be connected. Other nations will be significant. [Some that may be connected include China,India, Indonesia, Brazil, Pakistan, Bangladesh, and Russia] Sudan belongs to African peoples. particularly East African peoples, along with others, but connections to Western Civilization including the United States, Asiatic peoples, and American Indian peoples such as may be found in the United States can also be considered.

Connections of communities are not yet clear.

Social structure and change

Social change including social change processes and social change factors can be considered. Particular changes and movements including the agricultural revolution, agrarian revolution and industrial revolution can be connected.

Social types including hunting and gathering societies, horticultural societies, agrarian societies, and industrial society can be connected. Social structure including community and regional structure, class structure, institutional structure, cultural structure, and anthropological structure can be connected.

Institutions

Religion including religious beliefs, practices, and religious organization is not clear at present. Particular religions including Abrahamic religion, pagan religion, secularism, Asiatic religion can be connected. Government including particular governments, government activity, government structure, and law can be connected. Economics including economic systems, industries, and economic activity can be connected. Education including schools, educational organization, cultural institutions, teaching, and research can be connected. Families including particular families, kinship, parenting, and marriage can be connected.

Culture

Behavioral culture including cultural events, recreation and entertainmen, occupations, and customs can be connected. Conceptual culture including philosophy, applied science, mathematics, literature, graphic arts, and language can be connected. Material culture including miscellaneous artifacts, communication technology, transportation technology, clothing and dress, foodstuffs, bulding technology, and industrial technology can be connected.

Anthropology including social foundations, demography, and physical anthropology will be useful. Particular groups can be connected. Human geography including African geography can be connected. Human ecology including human effects on the environment, relations with other life, and environmental effects on people can be connected.

Personal studies including the human body, psychology, and biography may be slow to develop.

More information on applications and connections with science including physics, chemistry, astronomy, earth science, and biology will be included as the site develops.


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Created 8 Feb 2007, Updated 13 July 2010