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Introductory material |
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Early prehistory can be connected. Connections to the Pliocene are unclear. Remains associatied with homo erectus are associated with early Pleistocene, early mid Pleistocene, and possibly late mid Pleistocene; this is often referred to as the Soanian culture. I do not yet know of connections to late Pleistocene times. Middle prehistory can be considered, although I do not yet have details for the period beginning 50,000 years ago, the period beginning 40,000 years ago, the period beginning 30,000 years ago, the period beginning 20,000 years ago. There is at least one important neolithic site that can be traced to late prehistory. I do not yet have details of the early 8th millennium BC, the late 8th millennium BC, the early 7th millennium BC, the late 7th millennium BC, the early 6th millennium BC, or the late 6th millennium BC.
During the 5th millennium BC, there was at least one important neolithic settlement that may have practiced metalworking. I do not yet have details of the early 5th millennium BC, the early mid 5th millennium BC, the mid 5th millennium BC, the late mid 5th millennium BC, or the late 5th millennium BC. I know little of the 4th Millennium including the early 4th millennium BC, the early mid 4th millennium BC, the mid 4th millennium BC, the late mid 4th millennium BC, or the late 4th millennium BC. By the 3rd Millennium, the Bronze-age Harappan civilization of the Indus Valley had come into existence and reached its height. I do not yet have details of the early 3rd millennium BC, the early mid 3rd millennium BC, the mid 3rd millennium BC, the late mid 3rd millennium BC, or the late 3rd millennium BC. In the 2nd millennium, this came to an end and Indo-European speaking invaders began the same Indo-Aryan synthesis that appeared elsewhere in India. I do not yet yave details of the early 2nd millennium BC, the early mid 2nd millennium BC, the mid 2nd millennium BC, the late mid 2nd millennium BC, or the late 2nd millennium BC. In the early 1st Millennium BC, Iron age influence from Persia began to reach into what is now Pakistan. I do not yet have details of the 10th century BC, 9th century BC, 8th century BC, 7th century BC, or 6th century BC.
Pakistan was the home of the Gandhara civilization and was influenced by the Mauryan empire in early classical times. I do not yet have details of the 5th century BC, the 4th century BC, the 3rd century BC, the 2nd century BC, or the 1st century BC. It fell into decline during most of the late classical period. I do not have details of the 1st century CE, 2nd century CE, 3rd century CE, 4th century CE, or 5th century CE. In the early medieval period it was conquered by Islamic forces, and later conflicts with Hindu India began. I do not yet have details of the 6th century CE, the 17th century CE, the 8th century CE, the 9th century CE, or the 10th century CE. In the late medieval period, Pakistan came under Islamic influence. I have little information on the 11th Century, In the 12th century, a ruler from what is now Afghanistan began asserting Islamic rule. The 13th century conqests of the Mongols seem to have had little direct influence. I have little information on the 14th century, except that the Mongol-descended conqueror Timur came through the area. In the 15th century, it was mostly ruled by the (islamic) sultanate of Delhi.
Information about the 16th century, 17th century, 18th century, 19th century, and 20th century is being compiled and summarized.
The future includes examination of Karachi and Lahore. Some things about the near future, including next month (October 2009 and November 2009), Next quarter including December 2009, January 2010, February 2010, March 2010, and next year may be anticipated. The middle future including the next 5 years, next 20 years, next century, and next 5 centuries is obscure. The far future including the next 2 millennia, next 10,000 years, next 50,000 years, next 200,000 years, next million years, and beyond the next million years has not yet been well examined.