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Introductory material |
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Prehistory is not yet highly accessible. There are a few remains that can be dated to early prehistory. There may be tools that date to the Pliocene period. I known little of the early Pleistocene or early mid Pleistocene. In the late mid Pleistocene, remains have been associated with homo erectus. I know little of the late Pleistocene. The region was inhabited by modern humans in middle prehistory. I do not yet have details for the 5th decamillennium BP, the 4th decamillennium BP, or the the 3rd decamillennium BP. Late in the 2nd decamillennium BP, there is evidence of peoples with mesolithic or early Neolithic cultures. There is some evidence of neolithic cultures in late prehistory, although I do not yet have details of the early 8th millennium BC, the late 8th millennium BC, the early 7th millennium BC, the late 7th millennium BC, the early 6th millennium BC, or the late 6th millennium BC.
In the 5th Millennium BC, Neolithic farming villages were present in northern India. I do not yet have details of the early 5th millennium BC, the early mid 5th millennium BC, the mid 5th millennium BC, the late mid 5th millennium BC, or the late 5th millennium BC. Neolithic culture spread during the 4th Millennium. I do not yet have details of the early 4th millennium BC, the late mid 4th millennium BC, the mid 4th millennium BC, the late mid 4th millennium BC, or the late 4th miillennium BC. In the 3rd Millennium, the Bronze age civilization centered at Harappa and Mohenjo-Daro arose. I do not yet have details of the early 3rd millennium BC, the early mid 3rd millennium BC, the mid 3rd millennium BC, the late mid 3rd millennium BC, or the late 3rd millennium BC. In the Second Millennium, about 1750, this fell into decline, posibly hastened by the entry of Aryan or Indo-European speaking peoples about 1500 BC into Northern India. I do not yet have details of the early 2nd millennium BC, the early mid 2nd millennium BC, the mid 2nd millennium BC, the late mid 2nd millennium BC, or the late 2nd millennium BC. In the early first millennium BC, Bronze age farming culture slowly spread throughout central India. Later in this period, Mahavira founded the religion of Jainism and Gautama Buddha founded Buddhism. I do not yet have details of the 10th century BC, the 9th century BC, the 8th century BC, the 7th century BC, or the 6th century BC.
In early classical times I do not yet have many details of the 5th century BC, the 4th century BC, the 3rd century BC, the 2nd century BC, or the 1st century BC.
c. 336 - 323 BC Alexander conquered Persian empire, including Egypt and Mesopotamia, and reached India.
c. 265 - 238 BC. Asoka ruled in India and adopted Buddhism, encouraging its spread.
Details of late classical times are obscure at present. I have no details on the 1st century CE, 2nd century CE, 3rd century CE, 4th century CE, or 5th century CE. I have little information on early medieval times, either. I have no information on the 6th Century. In the 7th century, Northern India was temporarily united. I have no information for the 8th century or the 9th century. In the 10th century, a Ghazhnavid kingdom in Afghanistan invaded into northern India. In Late medieval times India mostly escaped the Mongol conquests. I have no details on the 11th century, but in the 12th century it was invaded by an Islamic ruler. In the 13th century it was relatively independent. In the 14th century, the (Islamic) Sultanate of Delhi ruled in Northern India, before it was invaded by Timur in 1398. The (Islamic) Bahmani Sultanate was set up in southern Indian, and the (Hindu) Vijayanagara empire was also set up in Southern India. In the 15th century, the Sultanate of Delhi was politically unstable and the Bahmani Sultanate and Vijayanagara empire contested southern India. At the very end of this century, (1497-1499 CE) da Gama reached India by sailing around Africa, initiating the European exploration and exploitation of Asia. Sometime during this period, Bombay seems to have been a city.
The 16th century, 17th century, 18th century, and 19th century can be considered in more detail. In the 20th century, India gained independence from Great Britain and Pakistan was split from it.
The future has not yet been fully examined. Cities of Delhi, Bombay, Calcutta, Madras, and Bangalore can be connected. The near future including next month (October 2009 and November 2009) next quarter including December 2009, January 2010, February 2010, and March 2010 and next year can possible be examined. The middle future including the next five years, the next twenty years, the next century, and the next five centuries, and the far future are obscure.