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The history of middle eastern peoples has been traced to prehistory, and can be followed through antiquity, classical and medieval times, and modern times. Connections to the future are less certain. |
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Anatolian peoples of Turkey can be examined in prehistory, and was occupied by a major civilization in antiquity. It was prominent in classical and medieval times, and remains important in modern times. Levantine peoples can also be examined in prehistory and were important in antiquity. They were less prominent in classical and medieval times, but are significan in modern times. Egyptian peoples can be examined in prehistory. Written history dates to antiquity and is among the longest recorded. They were significant in classical and medieval times and are important in modern times. Mesopotamian peoples can be examined in prehistory, and also have written history dating to antiquity. They were also significant in classical and medieval history than before and remain important in modern times.
Persian, North African, and Arabian history are also important.
The prehistory of this region is more or less central to that of the world. There is mention of Turkey, Levantine peoples, Egypt, Mesopotamian peoples including those of Iraq, Persian peoples including Iran and Afghanistan, Arabian peoples including Saudi Arabia and Yemen, and North African peoples including Morocco and Algeria. In early prehistory this region was inhabited, but little is known of human development. There many be some early prehistoric remains in Iran. There may be early prehistoric remains in Egypt. There are some early prehistoric remains in Turkey. I do not yet have details of the Pliocene, early Pleistocene, early mid Pleistocene, late mid Pleistocene, or late Pleistocene. In middle prehistory, modern humans seem to have first appeared near or around this region. There were middle prehistoric peoples in Iran. Egypt may have had some paleolithic settlements. There were some middle prehistoric peoples found in Turkey. I do not yet have details of the period beginning 50,000 years ago, the period beginning 40,000 years ago, the period beginning 30,000 years ago, or the period beginning 20,000 years ago. In late prehistory, these peoples seem to have been among the first to develop agriculture, and many later developments can be traded to this region. Some of the oldest remants of Neolithic culture are found in Iran. Turkey had several important prehistoric settlements, notably Catalhuyuk. Egypt is known to have had various neolithic settlements. I do not yet have details of the early 6th millennium BC, the late 6th millennium BC, the early 7th millennium BC, or the late 7th millennium BC.
During antiquity, numerous prominent ancient civilizations developed. Afghanistan is being considered. There were major civilizations centered in Egypt and Turkey. Persian peoples became more prominent in later periods. North African peoples were colonized by the seafaring Phoenicians as well as other peoples. In the 5th millennium BC, these peoples were developing agriculture and various means of technology. in Iran, there were Neolithic farming peoples. In Anatolia, there were Neolithic farming communities. In Egypt, Neolithic farming communities were developing. I do not yet have details of the early 5th millennium BC, the early mid 5th millennium BC, the mid 5th millennium BC, the late mid 5th millennium BC, or the late 5th millennium BC. In the 4th millennium BC, In Iran, there were signs of buildings and civilization comparable to those in nearby Mesopotamia. In Anatolia most of the region had a neolithic culture, but there were signs of metallurgy that appear late in the millennium. In Egypt the upper and lower regions of Egpt were unified in the Old Kingdom, the pyramids were begun, and written history can be considered.I do not yet have details of the early 4th millennium BC, the early mid 4th millenium BC, the mid 4th millennium BC, the late mid 4th millennium BC, or the late 4th millennium BC. In the 3rd millennium BC, the various bronze age civilizations of the Middle east were developing. The Old kingdom of Egypt were prominent. There was some Bronze age metallurgy in Turkey. The peoples of Mesopotamia were prominent. Elam was an important civilization in Iran. I have few details of Arabian peoples. I do not yet have details for North African peoples such as those of modern Morocco and Algeria. I do not yet have details of the early 3rd millennium BC, the early mid 3rd millennium BC, the mid 3rd millennium BC, the late mid 3rd millennium BC, or the late 3rd millennium BC. In the 2nd millennium BC, In Turkey, the Hittites seem to have been the major power. The Middle and New kingdoms of Egypt were important. Mesopotamian peoples of Kassite Babylonia were important. The Elamite civilization in Persia continued to be important, but other Persian peoples were also becoming significant. I know little of developments among Arabian peoples or North African peoples. I do not yet have details of the early 2nd millennium BC, the early mid 2nd millennium BC, the mid 2nd millennium BC, the late mid 2nd millennium BC, or the late 2nd millennium BC. These peoples continued to struggle with one another in the early 1st millennium BC, when many of them were included in the Persian empire. The Achaemenid Persian empire rose to become one of the world's foremost powers of the time. Turkey was inhabited by the Phyrgians, and much of it was conquered and absorbed into the Persian empire. Egypt was conquered by Babylonian and Persian peoples, and entered a long period of foreign rule. I do not yet have details of the 10th century BC, the 9th century BC, the 8th century BC, the 7th century BC, or the 6th century BC.
In classical and medieval times, these became somewhat eclipsed for a time by Western Civilization. Some information is included in Turkey, Levantine peoples, Egypt, Mesopotamian peoples, Persian peoples, Arabia, and North Africa. In the early classical period, they were in large part conquered by the Greeks and Romans. The Persian empire was the predominant power early in the period, but was defeated by the Greeks. Later, the native Parthian empire arose to prevent the Romans from succeding Greek rule. Turkey was conquered by Persians, Greeks, and Romans. Egypt in particular was conquered successively by Persians, Greeks, and Romans. North African peoples came under Roman rule. I do not yet have details for the 5th century BC, the 4th century BC, the 3rd century BC, the 2nd century BC, or the early 1st century BC. In the late classical period they were partly independent and partly under Roman and Byzantine rule. Egypt came under Roman rule. It was considered part of the Eastern portion of the empire, which also included what is now Turkey. In Iran, the Parthian empire was replaced by the Sassanids. Mesopotamian peoples were divided and fought over by Roman peoples on one side, and Parthian and Sassanid peoples on the other. I do not yet have details for the 1st century CE, the 2nd century CE, the 3rd century CE, the 4th century CE, or the 5th century CE. In early medieval times they came under the rule of Islam. Turkey was ruled mostly by the Byzantine Empire. Egypt was first under Byzantine rule, but was conquered by Islamic peoples. The city of Cairo was founded as an Islamic city. In Iran, the Sassanid empire was conquered by the Ommayad Caliphate, which was succeeded by the Abbasid Caliphate. I do not yet have specific details of the 6th century CE, the 7th century CE, the 8th century CE, the 9th century CE, or the 10th century CE.
Islam continued to dominate in late medieval times. The Byzantine empire centered in Turkey was reduced by the Sejuk Turks, and finally conquered by the Ottoman Turks, becoming the center of the Ottoman Empire. Egypt which had been ruled by the Mamluk dynasty came under Ottoman rule. Mespotamian peoples were invaded by the Mongols. In Iran, the Seljuk Turks conquered northern Persia, but were later conquered by the Mongols. I do not have details of Arabian or North African peoples. A also do not yet have specific details of the 11th century CE, the 12th century CE, the 13th century CE, the 14th century CE, or the 15th century CE.
They came partly under western domination in modern times. Syria can be considered in this connection. [Tunisia can be connected. Levantine peoples such as those of Syrial are connected. Egypt and Turkey can be examined. Mesopotamian peoples, Arabian peoples, Persian peoples, and North African peoples can be considered.
The Ottoman Empire in Turkey consolidated its rule. Egypt was under Ottoman rule. Cairo was an important city. I have little information on Mespotamian peoples such as those of Iraq. I have little information on North African peoples including Morocco and Algeria. I also have few details about Arabia and Yemen dyring this period. I lack specific detail on Iran and Afghanistan. I do not yet have details of the early 16th century, early mid 16th century, mid 16th century, late-mid 16th century, or late 16th century.
In the 17th century, Egypt was under Ottoman rule. The Ottoman empire was centered in Turkey. I have no details on Iran, except that it was the center of a Persian empire. Cairo was an important city. I do not yet have details of the early 17th century, early mid 17th century, mid 17th century, late mid 17th century, or late 17th century.
During the 18th century, the Middle east was largely dominated by the Ottoman empire. Egypt was under Ottoman rule. Turkey was the seat of the Ottoman Empire. Iran was the center of a Persian empire which was increasingly dominated by Western (British, French, and Russian) nations. Cairo was an important city. I do not yet have details of the early 18th century, early mid 18th century, mid 18th century, or late-mid 18th century. I do not yet have details of the late 18th century including the early 1780s, late 1780s, early 1790s, or late 1790s.
These peoples started to come under Western rule in place of the Ottoman empire. I do not yet have details on Iraq. Tehran was an important city. Egypt was nominally under Ottoman rule, but was heavily influenced by Britain. I lack details of Cairo. Turkey was under Ottoman Rule, and was somewhat caught between Russia and Britain. I lack details on the Persian peoples of Iran and Afghanistan, I also lack details of North African peoples, and I lack details of Arabian peoples including Saudi Arabia. I do not yet have details of the early 19th century including the early 1800s, late 1800s, early 1810s, or late 1810s. The early mid 19th century including the early 1820s, late 1820s, early 1830s, and late 1830s can be connected. The mid 19th century including the early 1840s, late 1840s, early 1850s, and late 1850s can be connected. The late-mid 19th century including the early 1870s, late 1870s, early 1880s, and late 1880s can be connected. In the late 19th century, these peoples were slow to adopt the rapidly developing Western technologies. I do not yet have details of the early 1880s, late 1880s, early 1890s, or late 1890s.
The 20th century has been especially turbulent. The Ottoman empire was defeated World War I and became the modern nation of Turkey. Egypt became independent and began to become influential. Persian peoples did not gain much attention until the late 20th century. North African peoples had some connection with various European affairs. Arabian and Mesopotamian peoples also began to become important. In the early 20th century, in Iran, the ruling Qajar dynasty attempted to establish a constitutional monarchy. Egypt came under British rule. The influence of the Ottoman Empire in Turkey was declining and it was caught and defeated in World War I. I do not yet have many details for the early 1900s, late 1900s, early 1910s, or late 1910s. In the early-mid 20th century following the defeat of the Ottoman empire, administration of much of the region was taken over by the British and French, but contested by an Arab nationalist movement, most successfully in Turkey. Egypt was under British rule. In Iran, the Qajar dynasty was overthrown and Iran began to industrialize. I do not yet have many details for the early 1920s, late 1920s, early 1930s, or late 1930s. In the mid 20th century, the region was inolved somewhat in World War II. Following the war, European nations mostly withdrew, and the nation of Israel was estabished. Iran, Egypt, and Turkey were involved. Details of the early 1940s, late 1940s, early 1950s, and late 1950s can be considered. In the late-mid 20th century, conflicts between Israel and its neighbors drew new attention to the region. Details of the early 1960s, late 1960s, early 1970s, and late 1970s can be connected.
Details of the early 1980s remain to be gathered. There is some attention to Egypt and Turkey in this period. I do not yet have details of 1981, 1982, 1983, 1984, or 1985. The late 1980s including 1986, 1987, 1988, 1989, and 1990 can be connected. The early 1990s in Turkey, Egypt, and among Persian peoples including 1991, 1992, 1993, 1993, and 1995 can be connected. The late 1990s and events in Turkey, Egypt, and among Persian peoples and North African peoples during 1996, 1997, 1998, 1999, and 2000 can be considered.
The early 21st century can be examined for Syria Egypt, Turkey, Mesopotamian peoples including Iraq, Arabian peoples including Arabia and Yemen, Persian peoples including Iran and Afghanistan, and North African peoples including Morocco and Algeria.
The early 2000s with peoples of Egypt, Turkey, and Iran and years down to 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004, and 2005 can be considered.
The late 2000s including 2006 can be considered.
Events of 2007 including the 1st quarter, 2nd quarter may be examined. In the 3rd quarter events related to Egypt, Turkey, and Iran can be examined. Details of July and August have not yet been examined. September ought to include events related to Egypt and Turkey, but so far only has developments in Iran. In the fourth quarter, in addition to Egypt and Turkey, events in Iran are being examined. For October I have no recorded events for Egypt, but in Turkey, conflicts with Kurds in Iraq have been noticeable. During November, events within Egypt (a meeting between Egyptian and Israeli heads of state) and Turkey (conflicts with Kurds in Iraq) have been of greatest interest. During December, events in Egypt and Turkey continue to develop.
Events of 2008 including those in Egypt, Turkey, and Iran in the first quarter, second quarter, third quarter in Egypt, Turkey, and Iran during July can be considered. In August I have few events for Egypt or Turkey. In September I have no events for Iran. I have few events for Egypt, and none for Turkey. For the fourth quarter I have few events for Iran, Egypt or Turkey, and October including Iran, Egypt, and Turkey and November including Iran, Egypt, and Turkey can be examined.
Events of 2009 including those of the first quarter 2009, second quarter 2009, third quarter 2009, and fourth quarter 2009 have not yet been analyzed.
Events of 2010 and events in Turkey, among Levantine peoples, Egypt, Mesopotamian peoples, Persian peoples, Arabian peoples, and North African peoples can be considered. The first quarter 2010 and events of January 2010, February 2010, and March 2010 and the second quarter 2010 can be connected. The third quarter 2010 can be connected.
The fourth quarter 2010 including Turkey, Egypt, Mesopotamian peoples Persian peoples including Iran, and North African peoples including Morocco and events of October 2010 and November 2010 can be connected. December 2010 in Turkey, Egypt, and among Persian peoples and North African peoples and events of 2010 week 49, 2010 week 50, and 2010 week 51 can be considered. In 2010 week 52, Turkey is not mentioned, but in Egypt, an Israeli spy ring was revealed. In 2010 week 53, Turkey is little mentioned. In Egypt, the spy ring mentioned earlier is mentioned. There were various events among Persian peoples. North African peoples are not mentioned.
The early 2010s including events in Turkey, Egypt, Mesopotamian peoples, Persian peoples including Iran, and North African peoples including Morocco can be considered. 2011 including events in Turkey, Egypt, and Persian peoples can be connected.
The first quarter 2011 including events in Turkey and Egypt can be connected.
January 2011 and events in Turkey and Egypt can be considered. 2011 week 1, 2011 week 2, 2011 week 3 including Turkey and Egypt, 2011 week 4 including Turkey and Egypt, 2011 week 5, and 2011 week 6 can be considered.
February 2011 including 2011 week 6, 2011 week 7, 2011 week 8, 2011 week 9, and 2011 week 10 can be connected.
March 2011 including 2011 week 10, 2011 week 11, 2011 week 12, 2011 week 13, and 2011 week 14 can be connected.
The second quarter 2011 can be connected. April 2011 including 2011 week 14, 2011 week 15, 2011 week 16, 2011 week 17, and 2011 week 18 can be connected. May 2011 including 2011 week 19, 2011 week 20, 2011 week 21, 2011 week 22, and 2011 week 23 can be connected. June 2011 including 2011 week 23, 2011 week 24, 2011 week 25, 2011 week 26, and 2011 week 27 can be connected.
The third quarter 2011 can be connected. July 2011 including 2011 week 27 and 2011 week 28 can be connected.
The future of Egypt with its city of Cairo, Turkey and Iran is obscure. Connections with the near future including next month, next quarter, and next year, and with the middle future and far future can be made.