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Middle Eastern peoples may be regarded as the fountain of world civilization, and have the longest continuous history. These are subdivided into Anatolian, Levantine, Egyptian, Persian, Mesopotamian, Arabian , and North African peoples. |
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Anatolian peoples are associated with the modern nation of Turkey but include the ancient Hittites and a number of others.
The Levantine peoples include those of the nations of Israel, Lebanon, Syria, Jordan, and other areas of the western Arabian peninsula in the area of the Mediterranean sea and Jordan River Valley. These include the major peoples of the Old Testament and their modern descendants, including the scattered Jewish people.
Egyptian peoples are associated with the modern nation of Egypt and their recorded history is possibly the oldest in the world.
Mesopotamian peoples are associated with the modern nation of Iraq, but include the ancient civilizations of Sumer, Babylon, and Assyria. Later, the political capital of Islam was centered among these peoples.
Persian peoples, also known as Iranian peoples, are less well known than other middle eastern peoples, although they are among the more populous.
Arabian peoples include various peoples that have lived in Arabia.
North African peoples include the peoples of the Mediterranean coast of North Africa except for Egypt. They also include some of the peoples of the North Atlantic coast of North Africa, and peoples of the Sahara Desert.
HistoryThe history of middle eastern peoples has been traced to prehistory, and can be followed through antiquity, classical and medieval times, and modern times. Connections to the future are less certain. Mesopotamian, Levantine, and Egyptian history is among the oldest recorded, but Anatolian, Persian, North African, and Arabian history is also important. |
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Other areas of SociologyOther peoples of the world, communities, and social structure and change are vital to investigation of peoples of the Middle East. Other peoplesParticular nations, Other Asiatic peoples, Western Civilization, African peoples, and American Indian peoples can be connected to peoples of the Middle East. Nations of particularly middle eastern peoples not yet included in lower-level divisions include: Other nations include Central African Republic, Moldova, Costa Rica, New Zealand, Ireland, Palestinian Territories, Lebanon, Puerto Rico Congo, Albania, Lithuania, Uruguay, Mauritania, Liberia, Oman, Panama, Mongolia, Armenia, Jamaica, Kuwait, Latvia, Lesotho, Kosovo, and Namibia Other Asiatic peoples South Asian peoples, Central Asian peoples, Oriental peoples, and Southeast Asian peoples can be connected to the Middle east including Turkey, Levantine peoples, Egypt, Mesopotamian peoples, Persian peoples, Arabian peoples, and North African peoples. Singapore can be connected. South Asian peoples are close neighbors with Persian peoples. They are somewhat less directly connected to Mesopotamian peoples, Arabian peoples, Turkey, and Levantine peoples, Egypt, and North Africa. India, Pakistan, Bangladesh, Nepal and Sri Lanka. They are also connected to Central asian peoples such as are found in China, Russia, Georgia. West Asian peoples including those of Azerbaijan can be connected. Parts of Russia can be connected. Inner Asian peoples including those of Turkmenistan can be connected. Parts of Russia can be connected. Uzbekistan can be connected. Khazakhstan can be connected. Tajikistan can be connected. Kyrgystan can be connected. There is also some connection to Southeast Asian peoples such as those of Papua New Guinea. Mainland Southeast Asia including Laoscan be considered. Vietnam can be connected. Thailand can be connected. Burma can be connected. Malaysia can be connected. Cambodia cab be connected. The Southeast Asian Archipelagoes including the Philippines can also be connected. Indonesia can be connected. Australia can be connected. The connection to Oriental peoples such as those of China, Japan, South Korea, North Korea, and Taiwan, and Hong Kong is somewhat less direct. They are also closely related to nations and peoples of Western civilization [such as Croatia]. They have been influenced by Balkan peoples such as those of Romania, Greece, Serbia, Hungary, Bulgaria, and Bosnia and Herzegovina. Latin peoples including Nicaragua have been important. Italic peoples including those of Italy have had substantial influence. French peoples including those of France and Haiti have had some influence. Hispanic peoples including those of Paraguay are indirectly connected. Spain can be connected. Hispanic Mexican American peoples including those of Mexico, Guatemala, Cuba, the Dominican Republic, Honduras, and El Salvador have some connection. Hispanic Colombian American peoples including those of Colombia, Venezuela, and Ecuador can be connected. Hispanic Peruvian American peoples including those of Peru, Chile, and Bolivia can be considered. Hispanic Argentine American peoples including those of Argentina can be connected. Lusitanic peoples such as those of Portugal and Brazil have had less direct influence. They have been more recently influnced Anglic peoples such as Australia. British peoples of the United Kingdom can be connected. Anglo-American peoples including those of the United States and Canada can be connected. Northeast European peoples such as those of Russia, Ukraine, Poland, the Czech Republic, Belarus, and Slovakia are also connected. Germanic peoples such as those of Germany, the Netherlands, Belgium, Austria, and Switzerland have had less influence. Scandinavian peoples such as those of Norway have had little influence on them. Sweden can be connected. Demark can be connected. Finland can be connected. They are also connected to African peoples, including Eritrea. Eastern Africa including Burundi can be connected. Northern East Africa including Ethiopia and Somalia can be considered. Interior East Africa including Sudan and Chad is connected. Central East Africa including Tanzania, Kenya, Uganda, and Rwanda is connected. Western African peoples including those of Togo can be connected. Interior West Africa including Burkina Faso, Niger, and Mali can be connected. Southern Coastal West Africa including Nigeria, Ghana, Ivory Coast, and Benin can be connected. Western Coastal West Africa including Sierra Leone can be considered. Senegal can be connected. Guinea can be connected. Southern Africa including South Africa, Mozambique, Madagascar, Malawi, Zimbabwe, and Zambia can be connected. Central Africa including Congo (DR), Cameroon, and Angola can be considered. They may possibly be connected to American Indian peoples such as those found in Nicaragua. Middle American Indians including those of El Salvador seem to be at best weakly connected. Meso-American Indian peoples such as those of Mexico and Guatemala can be connected. Caribbean peoples such as those of Cuba, the Dominican Republic, Haiti, and Honduras can be connected. Southwestern American Indian peoples such as those of Mexico and the southwest United States can also be considered. South American Indians including those of Paraguay are only weakly connected. Amazonian peoples including those of Brazil , Argentina, and Bolivia are weakly connected. Andean peoples including those of Colombia, Argentina, Peru, Venezuela, Chile, Ecuador, and Bolivia are weakly connected. Cono/Southen American Indian peoples including those of Argentina and Chile are weakly connected North American Indians including those of the United States and Canada are minimally connected. CommunitiesCommunities will need to be connected. Particular cities not yet connected to particular Middle Eastern peoples include: Social structure and changeThe agricultural revolution can be considered. The agrarian revolution including bronze age movements, early iron age movements, late iron age movements, and modernization can be connected. The industrial revolution including early industralization, middle industrialization, and the late industrial revolution can be considered. Social change factors including institutional change, cultural change, demographic change, and natural change can be connected. Social change processes including innovation, transmission, adaptation, and extinction can be considered. Social types including hunting and gathering societies, horticultural societies, and agrarian societies can be connected. Industrial society can be considered. Social structure including community and regional structure, class structure, institutional structure, cultural structure, and anthropological structure can be connected. InstitutionsReligion is highly important. practice, and belief are significant.Particular religions are connected. Pagan religion was once strong, but has been largely obliterated. Asian pagan is more significant than European pagan, African pagan, American indian pagan, or neopagan religion. There are some connections to asiatic religion, including persian religion more than Indian or oriental religion. Abrahamic religion originated here and is still strong. Christianity is a minority: this region is overwhelmingly Islamic. Christianity including old christianity, Catholicism, Protestantism, Orthodoxy, and Mormonism can be connected. Judaism is a minority religion. There is also some some secularism. Religious organization including highly structured, fragmented, and loosely structured organization can be considered. Government is also important. Particular governments including local, national and international government, government activities, government structure, and law are all significant. Economics, including activities, industries and corporations, and economic systems will be important. Education including research, teaching, cultural institutions, educational organization, and particular schools provide important connections. Families including marriage, parenting, kinship, and particular families provide important connections. CultureBehavioral culture including customs, occupations, recreation and entertainment, and cultural events will also be important. Conceptual culture, which includes language including linguistics, writing, and languages of the world, graphic arts, literature, mathematics, applied science, and philosophy will be highly important. Material culture including foodstuffs, clothing, buildings, transportation devices, communication devices, industrial technology, and other artifacts is also important. AnthropologyParticular groups will be included. Human geography is also useful. This includes Asian geography, especially southwest Asia, but South Asia and Central Asia form neighboring regions. There is some reference to European geography as well. There is also connection to African geography. Human ecology including environmental impact on people, relations with other life, and human impact on the environment is important. Physical anthropology including human origins, racial variation, and human dispersion is important. Demography including birth, death, migration, population size and structure, and population change will necessarily be connected. Social foundations such as social presentation, social interaction, social control, and social group behavior will be significant. Personal studies of the human body and psychology are also indirect. Biographies will be highly important. Particular individuals include: Connections to science including physics, chemistry, astronomy, earth science, and biology are largely indirect. |
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