American Indian peoples


These people are more difficult to name than to identify. American Indian is a well-established misnomer for the indigenous peoples inhabiting North, Central, and South America at the time of Columbus. It originates with Colombus' mistaken belief that he had sailed to India. Although his mistake has long been corrected, the name persists. Other names that have been used are Native American and Amerind. The history of these peoples before Columbus is poorly known, and they have been largely submerged in the European-derived national cultures since then, but more information will be included as the site develops.	Sapience Home Site Map About Sapience Sociology Peoples North American Indians Meso-American Indians South American Indians

These people are more difficult to name than to identify. American Indian is a well-established misnomer for the indigenous peoples inhabiting North, Central, and South America at the time of Columbus. It originates with Colombus' mistaken belief that he had sailed to India. Although his mistake has long been corrected, the name persists. Other names that have been used are Native American and Amerind.

The history of these peoples before Columbus is poorly known, and they have been largely submerged in the European-derived national cultures since then, but more information will be included as the site develops.

Middle American Indians

These include principally the Meso-American peoples of Southen Mexico and Northern Central America, the Caribbean peoples of the Caribbean Islands and southern Central America, and the Southwest American Indian peoples of northern Mexico and the Southwest United States.

South American Indians

These include principally the peoples of South America, including Andean peoples, Amazonian peoples, and Cono/Southern American Indian peoples.

North American Indians

These include primarily the peoples of North America. Eastern, Western, and Northern American Indian groups can be considered.


History The history of these peoples is not well known. Prehistory and antiquity are the province of archaeologists. There is little known of classical and medieval history, except for oral histories and traditions, and a few inscriptions from ruins in Meso-America. Most of their recorded history occurs in modern times, with European contact. Their future is obscure.	Links to other sites: Native American Culture Areas
Other Sociology Other peoples of the world Various nations [such as Mongolia, Armenia, Jamaica, Kuwait Latvia, Lesotho, Kosovo, Namibia, Macedonia, Slovenia, Botswana, Gambia Guinea-Bissau, Gabon, Estonia, Mauritius] can be connected to American Indian peoples. Those that were inhabited by American Indians in Precolumbian times and not yet connected to the particular groups include: Uruguay Panama Jamaica Connections to Western civilization are highly important. [Nations include Uruguay] Latin peoples are most directly significant, and nations such as Panama are connected. Hispanic peoples including those of Puerto Rico are important. Spain can be connected. Hispanic Mexican American peoples including those of Mexico, Guatemala, Cuba, the Dominican Republic, Honduras, El Salvador, Nicaragua, and Costa Rica can be connected. Hispanic Colombian American peoples including those of Colombia, Venezuela, and Ecuador are important. Hispanic Peruvian American peoples including those of Peru, Chile, and Bolivia can be connected. Hispanic Argentine American peoples including those of Argentina and Paraguay are vital. Lusitanic peoples including those of Portugal and Brazil are important. French peoples including those of France and Haiti have been connected. Italic peoples including those of Italy are least directly connected. Anglic peoples such as Anglo-American, British, and Anglo-Australian including the United States, Canada, UK, Ireland,Australia, and New Zealand, are highly important to parts of them. Germanic peoples such as those of Germany, the Netherlands, Belgium, Austria, and Switzerland have had limited influence. Scandinavian peoples including Sweden, Denmark, Norway, and Finland have had limited influence. Northeast European peoples such as those of Russia, Ukraine, Poland, the Czech Republic, Belarus, Slovakia, Moldova, and Lithuania have limited connections. A few Balkan peoples such as Romania, Greece, Serbia, Hungary, Bulgaria, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia, and Albania have also had some influence. Asiatic civilization seems to have had little influence. [Oman] Southeast Asian peoples including those of New Zealand may be distantly connected. Southeast Asian Island peoples including Indonesia, the Philippines, and Papua New Guinea can be considered. Mainland Southeast Asian peoples including those of Vietnam, Thailand, Burma, Malaysia, Cambodia, Laos, and Singapore can be considered. Australia can also be connected. Oriental peoples including those of China, Japan, South Korea, North Korea, Taiwan, and Hong Kong are weakly connected at best. South Asian peoples such as those of India, Pakistan, Bangladesh, Nepal, and Sri Lanka may be distantly connected. There is a possiblity of Middle Eastern influences, although Lebanon appears to have had little influence. Levantine peoples including those of Syria, Israel, Jordan, and Palestinian Territories can be considered. Egypt seems to have had little influence. Turkey seems to have had little influence. Persian peoples including those of Iran and Afghanistan seem to have had little influence. North African peoples including those of Morocco, Algeria, Tunisia, and Libya seem to have had little influence. Arabian peoples including those of Saudi Arabia, Yemen, and the United Arab Emirates seem to have had little influence. Mesopotamian peoples including those of Iraq seem to have had little influence. Central Asian peoples including those found in China, Russia, Uzbekistan, Kaszakhstan, Azerbaijan, Tajikistan, Kyrgystan, Turkmenistan, and Georgia may also be connected. African peoples such as those of Liberia will be connected as the site develops. Western African peoples are the closest and most easily connected, and include Mauritania. Southern Coastal West African peoples including those of Nigeria, Ghana, Benin, and Togo can be connected. Western Coastal West African peoples including those of Cote d'Ivoire, Senegal, Guinea, and Sierra Leone can be connected. Interior West African peoples including those of Burkina Faso, Niger, and Mali are also useful. Central African peoples such as those of Congo (DR), Cameroon, Angola, Central African Republic, and Congo (Republic) can be connected. Southern African peoples such as those of South Africa, Mozambique, Madagascar, Malawi, Zimbabwe, and Zambia may be significant. East African peoples including nations such as Eritrea can be connected. Northern East African peoples such as those of Ethiopia and Somalia can be connected. Interior East African peoples such as those of Sudan and Chad can be connected. Central Eastern African peoples such as those of Tanzania, Kenya, Uganda, Rwanda, and Burundi can be considered. Communities Communities with strong ties to American Indian peoples include: Mexico City Social structure and change Social change Particular changes have been significant. American Indian peoples benefitted from the agricultural revolution. The agrarian revolution was more limited. Bronze age developments took place, but early iron age, late iron age, and modernization took different paths or were only introduced through western civilization. Connections to the Industrial revolution including early, middle, and computerized stages have only partially influenced these peoples through Western civilization. Social change processes including innovation, transmission, adaptation, and extinction can be considered. Social change factors such as institutional change, cultural change, demographic change, and natural change can be considered. Social types Industrial society including late industrial, middle industrial, and early industrial society has only limited application to these peoples. Agrarian society including early modern society, late iron age society, early iron age society, and bronze age society can be connected. Horticultural society can be connected. Hunting and gathering society can be connected. Social structure including anthropological structure, cultural structure, institutional structure, and class structure will be significant. Institutions Religion is also significant. Particular traditions including pagan religion, and more recently secularism, and Asiatic religion is also significant. Abrahamic religion was introduced and partly adopted by these peoples. Islam and Judaism arre scarcely known. Christianity including chiefly Catholicism and Protestantism, and more recently Mormonism, have been instroduced. Orthodoxy is little known. Organization including unstructured, fragmented, and organized religion is also significant. Religious practice is also significant. Religious beliefs can be connected. Government including law and structure will also be needed. Government activity including administration, succesion, and state relations can be considered. Particular governments including local goverment will also be needed. These peoples have not had national governments since approximately the Spanish Conquest, but have been submerged in various westernized governments. International government has little application. Few traditional empires were established, and these were subjected to colonial empires rather than founding any. They also participate little, if any, in modern compacts. Economics including activities and industries will be interesting and valuable. Economic systems including firms, networks, system types, and system behavior can also be examined. Education including research, teaching, cultural institutions, educational organization, and particular schools will be useful.Families including marriage, parenting, kinship, and particular families will be valuable. Culture Behavioral culture including customs, occupations, performing arts, and sports and games will be useful. Cultural events such as miscellaneous events, meetings, holidays, and disasters can be considered. Conceptual culture including language, graphic arts, literature, mathematics, applied science, and philosophy wll be useful. Material culture including industrial technology, buildings, foodstuffs, clothing, transportation technology, communication technology, and other artifacts will be significant. Anthropology Particular groups will be significant. Human geography includes North American geography and South American geography. Human ecology including the effect of the environment on people, relationships with other life, and the effect of people on the environment can be considered. Physical anthropology including human origins, racial variation, and human dispersion can be connected. Demography including population change, population size and structure, mortality, migration, and birth can be connected. Social foundations including social group behavior, social group types, social control, social interaction, and social presentation can be connected. Personal studies may be applicable. Biography is not yet very useful. Columbus The human body including body systems, body functions, life cycle, disease, and form and appearance may be considered. Psychology including behavioral elements, mind, behavior patterns, developmental psychology, mental disorders, personality, and social psychology may be useful. Examination of science, not so much physics and chemistry as astronomy, earth science, and biology will be included as the site develops.

History

The history of these peoples is not well known. Prehistory and antiquity are the province of archaeologists. There is little known of classical and medieval history, except for oral histories and traditions, and a few inscriptions from ruins in Meso-America. Most of their recorded history occurs in modern times, with European contact. Their future is obscure.

Links to other sites:
Native American Culture Areas

Other Sociology

Other peoples of the world

Various nations [such as Mongolia, Armenia, Jamaica, Kuwait Latvia, Lesotho, Kosovo, Namibia, Macedonia, Slovenia, Botswana, Gambia Guinea-Bissau, Gabon, Estonia, Mauritius] can be connected to American Indian peoples. Those that were inhabited by American Indians in Precolumbian times and not yet connected to the particular groups include:

Connections to Western civilization are highly important. [Nations include Uruguay]

Latin peoples are most directly significant, and nations such as Panama are connected. Hispanic peoples including those of Puerto Rico are important. Spain can be connected. Hispanic Mexican American peoples including those of Mexico, Guatemala, Cuba, the Dominican Republic, Honduras, El Salvador, Nicaragua, and Costa Rica can be connected. Hispanic Colombian American peoples including those of Colombia, Venezuela, and Ecuador are important. Hispanic Peruvian American peoples including those of Peru, Chile, and Bolivia can be connected. Hispanic Argentine American peoples including those of Argentina and Paraguay are vital. Lusitanic peoples including those of Portugal and Brazil are important. French peoples including those of France and Haiti have been connected. Italic peoples including those of Italy are least directly connected.

Anglic peoples such as Anglo-American, British, and Anglo-Australian including the United States, Canada, UK, Ireland,Australia, and New Zealand, are highly important to parts of them.

Germanic peoples such as those of Germany, the Netherlands, Belgium, Austria, and Switzerland have had limited influence.

Scandinavian peoples including Sweden, Denmark, Norway, and Finland have had limited influence.

Northeast European peoples such as those of Russia, Ukraine, Poland, the Czech Republic, Belarus, Slovakia, Moldova, and Lithuania have limited connections.

A few Balkan peoples such as Romania, Greece, Serbia, Hungary, Bulgaria, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia, and Albania have also had some influence.

Asiatic civilization seems to have had little influence. [Oman]

Southeast Asian peoples including those of New Zealand may be distantly connected. Southeast Asian Island peoples including Indonesia, the Philippines, and Papua New Guinea can be considered. Mainland Southeast Asian peoples including those of Vietnam, Thailand, Burma, Malaysia, Cambodia, Laos, and Singapore can be considered. Australia can also be connected.

Oriental peoples including those of China, Japan, South Korea, North Korea, Taiwan, and Hong Kong are weakly connected at best.

South Asian peoples such as those of India, Pakistan, Bangladesh, Nepal, and Sri Lanka may be distantly connected.

There is a possiblity of Middle Eastern influences, although Lebanon appears to have had little influence. Levantine peoples including those of Syria, Israel, Jordan, and Palestinian Territories can be considered. Egypt seems to have had little influence. Turkey seems to have had little influence. Persian peoples including those of Iran and Afghanistan seem to have had little influence. North African peoples including those of Morocco, Algeria, Tunisia, and Libya seem to have had little influence. Arabian peoples including those of Saudi Arabia, Yemen, and the United Arab Emirates seem to have had little influence. Mesopotamian peoples including those of Iraq seem to have had little influence.

Central Asian peoples including those found in China, Russia, Uzbekistan, Kaszakhstan, Azerbaijan, Tajikistan, Kyrgystan, Turkmenistan, and Georgia may also be connected.

African peoples such as those of Liberia will be connected as the site develops.

Western African peoples are the closest and most easily connected, and include Mauritania. Southern Coastal West African peoples including those of Nigeria, Ghana, Benin, and Togo can be connected. Western Coastal West African peoples including those of Cote d'Ivoire, Senegal, Guinea, and Sierra Leone can be connected. Interior West African peoples including those of Burkina Faso, Niger, and Mali are also useful.

Central African peoples such as those of Congo (DR), Cameroon, Angola, Central African Republic, and Congo (Republic) can be connected.

Southern African peoples such as those of South Africa, Mozambique, Madagascar, Malawi, Zimbabwe, and Zambia may be significant.

East African peoples including nations such as Eritrea can be connected. Northern East African peoples such as those of Ethiopia and Somalia can be connected. Interior East African peoples such as those of Sudan and Chad can be connected. Central Eastern African peoples such as those of Tanzania, Kenya, Uganda, Rwanda, and Burundi can be considered.

Communities

Communities with strong ties to American Indian peoples include:

Mexico City

Social structure and change

Social change

Particular changes have been significant. American Indian peoples benefitted from the agricultural revolution. The agrarian revolution was more limited. Bronze age developments took place, but early iron age, late iron age, and modernization took different paths or were only introduced through western civilization. Connections to the Industrial revolution including early, middle, and computerized stages have only partially influenced these peoples through Western civilization. Social change processes including innovation, transmission, adaptation, and extinction can be considered. Social change factors such as institutional change, cultural change, demographic change, and natural change can be considered.

Social types

Industrial society including late industrial, middle industrial, and early industrial society has only limited application to these peoples. Agrarian society including early modern society, late iron age society, early iron age society, and bronze age society can be connected. Horticultural society can be connected. Hunting and gathering society can be connected.

Social structure including anthropological structure, cultural structure, institutional structure, and class structure will be significant.

Institutions

Religion is also significant. Particular traditions including pagan religion, and more recently secularism, and Asiatic religion is also significant. Abrahamic religion was introduced and partly adopted by these peoples. Islam and Judaism arre scarcely known. Christianity including chiefly Catholicism and Protestantism, and more recently Mormonism, have been instroduced. Orthodoxy is little known. Organization including unstructured, fragmented, and organized religion is also significant. Religious practice is also significant. Religious beliefs can be connected.

Government including law and structure will also be needed. Government activity including administration, succesion, and state relations can be considered. Particular governments including local goverment will also be needed. These peoples have not had national governments since approximately the Spanish Conquest, but have been submerged in various westernized governments. International government has little application. Few traditional empires were established, and these were subjected to colonial empires rather than founding any. They also participate little, if any, in modern compacts. Economics including activities and industries will be interesting and valuable. Economic systems including firms, networks, system types, and system behavior can also be examined. Education including research, teaching, cultural institutions, educational organization, and particular schools will be useful.Families including marriage, parenting, kinship, and particular families will be valuable.

Culture

Behavioral culture including customs, occupations, performing arts, and sports and games will be useful. Cultural events such as miscellaneous events, meetings, holidays, and disasters can be considered. Conceptual culture including language, graphic arts, literature, mathematics, applied science, and philosophy wll be useful. Material culture including industrial technology, buildings, foodstuffs, clothing, transportation technology, communication technology, and other artifacts will be significant.

Anthropology

Particular groups will be significant. Human geography includes North American geography and South American geography. Human ecology including the effect of the environment on people, relationships with other life, and the effect of people on the environment can be considered. Physical anthropology including human origins, racial variation, and human dispersion can be connected. Demography including population change, population size and structure, mortality, migration, and birth can be connected. Social foundations including social group behavior, social group types, social control, social interaction, and social presentation can be connected.

Personal studies may be applicable.

Biography is not yet very useful.

Columbus

The human body including body systems, body functions, life cycle, disease, and form and appearance may be considered. Psychology including behavioral elements, mind, behavior patterns, developmental psychology, mental disorders, personality, and social psychology may be useful.

Examination of science, not so much physics and chemistry as astronomy, earth science, and biology will be included as the site develops.

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