African peoples


This will include subdivisions of West African peoples, East African peoples, Central African peoples, and Southern African peoples These divisions are rather vague, not strict, and these cultural regions will in many cases overlap one another.	Sapience Home Site Map About Sapience Sociology Peoples of the world Western African peoples Eastern African peoples Central African peoples Southern African peoples

This will include subdivisions of West African peoples, East African peoples, Central African peoples, and Southern African peoples

These divisions are rather vague, not strict, and these cultural regions will in many cases overlap one another.

East African peoples

These include people of the eastern coastal states and interior and the eastern sub-saharan regions.

West African peoples

These include peoples of the western coastal states and the western sub-saharan regions.

Southern African peoples

These include peoples of the southern parts of Africa.

Central African peoples

These include peoples of the central region of Africa.


History The periods of prehistory and antiquity in Subsaharan Africa are little known, since most of these peoples were not literate, and interaction with other peoples was slow and difficult. More information is available for classical and medieval times. These are best known from modern history, and fairly recently in the period. Their future has not yet been well examined.	Links to other sites: Not yet available :
Other areas of Sociology Particular nations which have not been assigned to the subdivisions include: Gabon Other nations include Macedonia, Slovenia, Botswana, Gambia Guinea-Bissau, Gabon, Estonia, Mauritius. Connections with Western civilization can be made. [Nations include Kosovo] Latin peoples have also been significant. Jamaica is not closely connected. Lusitanic peoples including Portugal and Brazil have been significant. French peoples including France and Haiti have also ruled much of Africa. Italic peoples including Italy have had some connection. Hispanic peoples including Panama have been less important. Spain has not been closely connected, for historical reasons. Hispanic Mexican American peoples including those of Mexico, Guatemala, the Dominican Republic, Cuba, Honduras, El Salvador, Nicaragua, Costa Rica, and Puerto Rico have been connected. Hispanic Colombian American peoples such as those of Colombia, Venezuela and Ecuador have been connected. Hispanic Argentine American peoples such as those of Argentina, Paraguay, and Uruguay have not been strongly connected. Hispanic Peruvian American Indian peoples such as those of Peru, Chile, and Bolivia have been weakly connected. Anglic peoples are significant. The United Kingdom directly ruled parts of Africa. The United States, Canada,Australia, New Zealand, and Ireland have not been quite as influential. Germanic peoples such as those of Germany, the Netherlands, Belgium, Austria, and Switzerland have been important. Northeast European peoples such as Russia, Ukraine, Poland, Czech Republic, Belarus, Slovakia, Moldova, Lithuania, and Latvia can be connected. Balkan peoples such as those of Romania, Greece, Serbia, Hungary, Bulgaria, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia, and Albania can be connected. Scandinavian peoples such as those of Sweden, Denmark, Finland, and Norway can be considered. Connections with Asiatic civilization [with nations such as Kuwait] are possible. The Middle East has been most influential with nations including Oman. North African peoples including Morocco, Algeria, Tunisia, and Libya are most directly connected. Egypt is important. Arabian peoples including Saudi Arabia Yemen, and the United Arab Emirates are connected. Levantine peoples including those of Syria, Israel, Jordan, the Palestinian Territories, and Lebanon can be connected. Persian peoples including Iran and Afghanistan are indirectly connected. Mesopotamian peoples including Iraq can be connected. Turkey is less directly connected. There are connections with South Asian peoples such as those of India, Pakistan, Bangladesh, Nepal, and Sri Lanka. There are somewhat more distant connections with Southeast Asian people such as New Zealand . There are connections with Mainland Southeast Asia including Vietnam, Thailand, Burma, Malaysia, Cambodia, Laos, and Singapore. There are also connections with the Southeast Asian Archipelagoes including Indonesia, the Philippines, and Papua New Guinea. Native peoples of Australia can be connected. There are minimal connections with Central Asian peoples including nations such as Armenia. West Asian peoples including those of Azerbaijan and Georgia are not well connected. Inner Asian peoples including those of Uzbekistan, Kazakhastan, Tajikistan, Kyrgystan, Turkmenistan are not well connected. Mongolian peoples including those of Mongolia are not well connected. African peoples are not closely connected to Oriental peoples such as China, Japan, South Korea, North Korea, Taiwan, and Hong Kong. Connections with American Indian peoples including those with Jamaica are also possible. Middle American peoples including those of Panama are weakly connected. Meso-American Indian peoples including those of Mexico and Guatemala can be considered. Caribbean peoples including those of Cuba, the Dominican Republic, Haiti, Honduras, El Salvador, Nicaragua, Costa Rica, and Puerto Rico can be considered. Southwest American Indian peoples such as those of Mexico and the United States can be connected. South American Indians including those of Uruguay are weakly connected. Amazonian peoples such as those of Brazil, Argentina, Bolivia and Paraguay can be connected. Andean peoples such as those of Colombia, Argentina, Peru, Venezuela, Chile, Ecuador and Bolivia can be connected. Cono/Southern American Indian peoples such as those of Argentina and Chile can be considered. North American Indians found in the United States and Canada are weakly connected. Communities and cities will be examined in more detail as this site expands. These include: Khartoum Social structure and change Social change is important. Particular changes including the agricultural revolution and agrarian revolution, can be connected. The industrial revolution including the early industrial revolution, middle industrial revolution, and late industrial revolution were largely imposed before African peoples were prepared for them. Processes of social change including innovation, transmission, adaptation, and extinction can be considered. Factors of social change including institutional change, cultural change, demographic change, and natural change can be considered. All social types are included. Hunting and gathering and horticultural societies have predominated, but some agrarian societies have also existed. Industrial society including early, middle, and late industrial societies is a more recent innovation. Social structure including community and regional structure, class structure, institutional structure, cultural structure, and anthropological structure is also vital. Institutions Religion is important. Particular traditions can be examined. Pagan religion predominates, especially African pagan. Asiatic Pagan, European pagan, American Indian pagan, and neopagan religions are much less significant. Abrahamic religion including Christianity, Islam, and Judaism has had a growing influence. Asiatic religion has had fairly little influence. Secularism has also been useful. Religious organization including unstructured, fragmented, and structured varieties can be considered. Religious practice and religious beliefs can also be considered. Government including law, government activity, government organization, and particular governments will all be useful. Economics including industries, activity, economic systems, and companies is also significant. Education including research, instruction, cultural instututions, educational organization, and particular schools will be useful.Families and marriage, parenting, kinship, and particular families are useful Culture Behavioral culture is highly important and distinctive. Customs, occupations, performing arts, sports and games, and cultural events are all useful. Conceptual culture including language, graphic arts, literature, mathematics, applied science, and philosophy is important and distinctive. Material culture including industrial technology, building technology, foodstuffs, clothing, transportation, communication, and other artifacts will be useful. Anthropology Social foundations including social presentation, social interactions, social control, social group types, and social group behavior can be connected. Demography including births, migration, deaths, population size and structure, and population change can be considered. Physical anthropology including human origins, racial variation, and human dispersion will be useful. Human ecology including the effects of the environment on people, other life forms, and effects of people on the environment are useful. Human geography, especially African geography, is important. Particular groups can also be considered. Personal studies The human body including body systems, body functions, life cycle, disease, and form and appearance is largely indirectly useful. Psychology including behavioral element, mind, behavior patterns, developmental psychology, mental disorders, personality, and social psychology also seems to be indirectly useful. Biography will be important. Science has mostly indirect connections to african peoples. Physics and chemistry seem less directly connected than astronomy and earth science. Biology including molecular biology, cell biology, organism biology, systematics, ecology, and biohistory can be connected.

The periods of prehistory and antiquity in Subsaharan Africa are little known, since most of these peoples were not literate, and interaction with other peoples was slow and difficult. More information is available for classical and medieval times. These are best known from modern history, and fairly recently in the period. Their future has not yet been well examined.

Links to other sites: Not yet available

Other areas of Sociology

Particular nations which have not been assigned to the subdivisions include:

Gabon

Other nations include Macedonia, Slovenia, Botswana, Gambia Guinea-Bissau, Gabon, Estonia, Mauritius.

Connections with Western civilization can be made. [Nations include Kosovo]

Latin peoples have also been significant. Jamaica is not closely connected. Lusitanic peoples including Portugal and Brazil have been significant. French peoples including France and Haiti have also ruled much of Africa. Italic peoples including Italy have had some connection. Hispanic peoples including Panama have been less important. Spain has not been closely connected, for historical reasons. Hispanic Mexican American peoples including those of Mexico, Guatemala, the Dominican Republic, Cuba, Honduras, El Salvador, Nicaragua, Costa Rica, and Puerto Rico have been connected. Hispanic Colombian American peoples such as those of Colombia, Venezuela and Ecuador have been connected. Hispanic Argentine American peoples such as those of Argentina, Paraguay, and Uruguay have not been strongly connected. Hispanic Peruvian American Indian peoples such as those of Peru, Chile, and Bolivia have been weakly connected.

Anglic peoples are significant. The United Kingdom directly ruled parts of Africa. The United States, Canada,Australia, New Zealand, and Ireland have not been quite as influential.

Germanic peoples such as those of Germany, the Netherlands, Belgium, Austria, and Switzerland have been important.

Northeast European peoples such as Russia, Ukraine, Poland, Czech Republic, Belarus, Slovakia, Moldova, Lithuania, and Latvia can be connected.

Balkan peoples such as those of Romania, Greece, Serbia, Hungary, Bulgaria, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia, and Albania can be connected.

Scandinavian peoples such as those of Sweden, Denmark, Finland, and Norway can be considered.

Connections with Asiatic civilization [with nations such as Kuwait] are possible.

The Middle East has been most influential with nations including Oman. North African peoples including Morocco, Algeria, Tunisia, and Libya are most directly connected. Egypt is important. Arabian peoples including Saudi Arabia Yemen, and the United Arab Emirates are connected. Levantine peoples including those of Syria, Israel, Jordan, the Palestinian Territories, and Lebanon can be connected. Persian peoples including Iran and Afghanistan are indirectly connected. Mesopotamian peoples including Iraq can be connected. Turkey is less directly connected.

There are connections with South Asian peoples such as those of India, Pakistan, Bangladesh, Nepal, and Sri Lanka.

There are somewhat more distant connections with Southeast Asian people such as New Zealand . There are connections with Mainland Southeast Asia including Vietnam, Thailand, Burma, Malaysia, Cambodia, Laos, and Singapore. There are also connections with the Southeast Asian Archipelagoes including Indonesia, the Philippines, and Papua New Guinea. Native peoples of Australia can be connected.

There are minimal connections with Central Asian peoples including nations such as Armenia. West Asian peoples including those of Azerbaijan and Georgia are not well connected. Inner Asian peoples including those of Uzbekistan, Kazakhastan, Tajikistan, Kyrgystan, Turkmenistan are not well connected. Mongolian peoples including those of Mongolia are not well connected.

African peoples are not closely connected to Oriental peoples such as China, Japan, South Korea, North Korea, Taiwan, and Hong Kong.

Connections with American Indian peoples including those with Jamaica are also possible.

Middle American peoples including those of Panama are weakly connected. Meso-American Indian peoples including those of Mexico and Guatemala can be considered. Caribbean peoples including those of Cuba, the Dominican Republic, Haiti, Honduras, El Salvador, Nicaragua, Costa Rica, and Puerto Rico can be considered. Southwest American Indian peoples such as those of Mexico and the United States can be connected.

South American Indians including those of Uruguay are weakly connected. Amazonian peoples such as those of Brazil, Argentina, Bolivia and Paraguay can be connected. Andean peoples such as those of Colombia, Argentina, Peru, Venezuela, Chile, Ecuador and Bolivia can be connected. Cono/Southern American Indian peoples such as those of Argentina and Chile can be considered.

North American Indians found in the United States and Canada are weakly connected.

Communities and cities will be examined in more detail as this site expands. These include:

Khartoum

Social structure and change

Social change is important. Particular changes including the agricultural revolution and agrarian revolution, can be connected. The industrial revolution including the early industrial revolution, middle industrial revolution, and late industrial revolution were largely imposed before African peoples were prepared for them. Processes of social change including innovation, transmission, adaptation, and extinction can be considered. Factors of social change including institutional change, cultural change, demographic change, and natural change can be considered.

All social types are included. Hunting and gathering and horticultural societies have predominated, but some agrarian societies have also existed. Industrial society including early, middle, and late industrial societies is a more recent innovation.

Social structure including community and regional structure, class structure, institutional structure, cultural structure, and anthropological structure is also vital.

Institutions

Religion is important. Particular traditions can be examined. Pagan religion predominates, especially African pagan. Asiatic Pagan, European pagan, American Indian pagan, and neopagan religions are much less significant. Abrahamic religion including Christianity, Islam, and Judaism has had a growing influence. Asiatic religion has had fairly little influence. Secularism has also been useful. Religious organization including unstructured, fragmented, and structured varieties can be considered. Religious practice and religious beliefs can also be considered.

Government including law, government activity, government organization, and particular governments will all be useful. Economics including industries, activity, economic systems, and companies is also significant. Education including research, instruction, cultural instututions, educational organization, and particular schools will be useful.Families and marriage, parenting, kinship, and particular families are useful

Culture

Behavioral culture is highly important and distinctive. Customs, occupations, performing arts, sports and games, and cultural events are all useful. Conceptual culture including language, graphic arts, literature, mathematics, applied science, and philosophy is important and distinctive. Material culture including industrial technology, building technology, foodstuffs, clothing, transportation, communication, and other artifacts will be useful.

Anthropology

Social foundations including social presentation, social interactions, social control, social group types, and social group behavior can be connected. Demography including births, migration, deaths, population size and structure, and population change can be considered. Physical anthropology including human origins, racial variation, and human dispersion will be useful. Human ecology including the effects of the environment on people, other life forms, and effects of people on the environment are useful. Human geography, especially African geography, is important. Particular groups can also be considered.

Personal studies The human body including body systems, body functions, life cycle, disease, and form and appearance is largely indirectly useful. Psychology including behavioral element, mind, behavior patterns, developmental psychology, mental disorders, personality, and social psychology also seems to be indirectly useful. Biography will be important.

Science has mostly indirect connections to african peoples. Physics and chemistry seem less directly connected than astronomy and earth science. Biology including molecular biology, cell biology, organism biology, systematics, ecology, and biohistory can be connected.

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