Structure of matter


The structure of matter is divided into five principal areas: exotic matter, bulk matter, molecular physics, atomic physics, and subatomic physics.	Sapience Home Site Map About Sapience Science Physics Bulk matter Molecular Physics Atomic Physics Subatomic Physics

The structure of matter is divided into five principal areas: exotic matter, bulk matter, molecular physics, atomic physics, and subatomic physics.

Exotic matter

These include extremely dense forms of matter including degenerate gases, neutronium, and possibly forms of matter composed of antimatter, the "strange" particles of physics, dark matter, and others that have been detected or hypothesized.

Common matter

This includes studies of common bulk matter in its traditional forms of solid, liquid, gas. Plasma is added as another form of matter.

Molecular physics

Molecular physics deals with the interactions, structure, and forces within molecules.

Atomic physics

Atomic physics is divided roughly into two parts. These are electronic structure, deals more with the chemical interactions of atoms with each other and with radiation, and nuclear physics, which deals with the nucleus of atoms.

Subatomic physics

Subatomic physics includes not only subatomic particles, but also radiation in general, particularly the high-energy radiation associated with radioactivity and plasma physics. This radiation is composed of high-velocity subatomic particles and high-energy photons. It also includes studies of the interactions of these particles.


History Little information is available from prehistory including early prehistory, middle prehistory or late prehistory. Most of the common forms of matter have been known from antiquity including the 5th millennium BC, 4th millennium BC, 3rd millennium BC, 2nd millennium BC, and early 1st millennium BC. In classical and medieval times there was philosophical speculation but no real science. Early classical, late classical, early medieval, and late medieval times can be connected. This developed only fairly late in the modern period, and is still near the forefront of advances in physical knowledge. Ideas on it were highly speculative in the 16th, 17th and 18th centuries. In the 19th century, the advent of a scientific atomic theory began to put this subject on a solid foundation. The early 19th century, early mid 19th century, mid 19th century, late mid 19th century, and late 19th century can be connected. In the 20th century, Subatomic physics is a new field, and there has been significant progress in understanding of atomic, molecular, and bulk matter physics. I do not yet have details of the early 20th century, early mid 20th century, mid 20th century, late mid 20th century, or late 20th century. The early 21st century including the early 2000s, late 2000s, and early 2010s can be connected. The future including the near future, middle future, and far future can be connected. Sociology Peoples of the world including nations and particular groups of Western Civilization, Asiatic peoples, African peoples, and American Indian peoples can be connected. Communities and social structure and change including social change, social types, and social structure will be developed better as the site expands. Institutions including families, education, economics, government, and religion will also be developed later.Culture, including material, conceptual, and behavioral components, will be essential. The connections of Anthropology including particular groups, human geography, human ecology, physical anthropology, demography, and social foundations will be cosidered as the site develops. Personal studies, including the biographies, psychology, and human body including form and appearance, life cycle, disease, body function, and body systems will be somewhat useful in these studies.
Biology including biohistory, ecology, systematics, organism biology, cell biology, and molecular biology also provides numerous examples of the structure of matter. Earth science including geohistory, physical geography, atmospheric science, hydrospheric science, and geology also provides material Astronomy including cosmology, galactic astronomy, stellar astronomy, and local astronomy provide a wealth of material for studies of the structure of matter. There is an especially strong overlap of these studies with Chemistry. Chemical systems also involve various complexities in the structure of matter. Chemical changes including physical change, chemical reactions, and nuclear reactions are examples of changes in structure. Substances including mixtures, compounds, and elements are examples of structure;	Links to other sites: Yahoo - Physics - Atomic Physics Yahoo - Physics - Condensed Matter
Studies of the structure of matter depend quite heavily on other areas of physics. Studies of material structure do rely heavily on quantum physics and many areas are almost inseparable from it. Relativity is also important. Studies of the structure of matter also depend on electromagnetism. Electrostatics including electric charge and charge distributions, electric force, electric field, flux, and potential, capacitance, and to some extent electric properties of matter are all vital to this study. Electric current including current definition, EMF, Resistance, DC ciruits, and AC circuits is also important in cases. Magnetism including electric current elements, electric current assemblages, magnetic force, field, and flux, and magnetic properties of matter are also important. Optics including electromagnetic waves, geometric optics, physical optics, quantum optics, and the electromagnetic spectrum is also vital in these studies. These studies also depend heavily on thermodynamics. nonclassical thermodynamics with its systems, states, and dynamic processes is important. Classical thermodynamics including thermodynamic systems, states, and processes is important. Statistical mechanics including quantum statistical mechanics, relativistic statistical mechanics, and classical statistical mechanics is helpful for understanding some basic concepts. Mechanics is especially useful. Gravitation including nonrigid celestial mechanics, rigid body celestial mechanics, particle celestial mechanics, and surface gravitation are somewhat important. Nonrigid bodies including wave mechanics, fluid mechanics, and deformable bodies is highly useful. Rigid body mechanics including dynamic systems, static systems, and rotational dynamics is also significant. body description and motion with extended bodies, position and orientation, linear and angular velocity, linear and angular acceleration can be applied. As a first approximation, samples of matter can be treated using particle mechanics. Particle systems including system propeties, interactions, and simplified systems are also used. Energetics including studies of work, mechanical energy, and power is useful. Kinetics including concepts of mass, momentum, and force, and types and cases of force, is also important. Kinematics with cases and types of motion, accelaration, velocity, and position is sometimes useful. Particle description can be considered.

History

Little information is available from prehistory including early prehistory, middle prehistory or late prehistory. Most of the common forms of matter have been known from antiquity including the 5th millennium BC, 4th millennium BC, 3rd millennium BC, 2nd millennium BC, and early 1st millennium BC. In classical and medieval times there was philosophical speculation but no real science. Early classical, late classical, early medieval, and late medieval times can be connected.

This developed only fairly late in the modern period, and is still near the forefront of advances in physical knowledge. Ideas on it were highly speculative in the 16th, 17th and 18th centuries. In the 19th century, the advent of a scientific atomic theory began to put this subject on a solid foundation. The early 19th century, early mid 19th century, mid 19th century, late mid 19th century, and late 19th century can be connected. In the 20th century, Subatomic physics is a new field, and there has been significant progress in understanding of atomic, molecular, and bulk matter physics. I do not yet have details of the early 20th century, early mid 20th century, mid 20th century, late mid 20th century, or late 20th century. The early 21st century including the early 2000s, late 2000s, and early 2010s can be connected.

The future including the near future, middle future, and far future can be connected.

Sociology

Peoples of the world including nations and particular groups of Western Civilization, Asiatic peoples, African peoples, and American Indian peoples can be connected. Communities and social structure and change including social change, social types, and social structure will be developed better as the site expands.

Institutions including families, education, economics, government, and religion will also be developed later.Culture, including material, conceptual, and behavioral components, will be essential. The connections of Anthropology including particular groups, human geography, human ecology, physical anthropology, demography, and social foundations will be cosidered as the site develops.

Personal studies, including the biographies, psychology, and human body including form and appearance, life cycle, disease, body function, and body systems will be somewhat useful in these studies.

Biology including biohistory, ecology, systematics, organism biology, cell biology, and molecular biology also provides numerous examples of the structure of matter. Earth science including geohistory, physical geography, atmospheric science, hydrospheric science, and geology also provides material Astronomy including cosmology, galactic astronomy, stellar astronomy, and local astronomy provide a wealth of material for studies of the structure of matter.

There is an especially strong overlap of these studies with Chemistry. Chemical systems also involve various complexities in the structure of matter. Chemical changes including physical change, chemical reactions, and nuclear reactions are examples of changes in structure. Substances including mixtures, compounds, and elements are examples of structure;

Links to other sites:

Studies of the structure of matter depend quite heavily on other areas of physics.

Studies of material structure do rely heavily on quantum physics and many areas are almost inseparable from it. Relativity is also important.

Studies of the structure of matter also depend on electromagnetism. Electrostatics including electric charge and charge distributions, electric force, electric field, flux, and potential, capacitance, and to some extent electric properties of matter are all vital to this study. Electric current including current definition, EMF, Resistance, DC ciruits, and AC circuits is also important in cases. Magnetism including electric current elements, electric current assemblages, magnetic force, field, and flux, and magnetic properties of matter are also important. Optics including electromagnetic waves, geometric optics, physical optics, quantum optics, and the electromagnetic spectrum is also vital in these studies.

These studies also depend heavily on thermodynamics. nonclassical thermodynamics with its systems, states, and dynamic processes is important. Classical thermodynamics including thermodynamic systems, states, and processes is important. Statistical mechanics including quantum statistical mechanics, relativistic statistical mechanics, and classical statistical mechanics is helpful for understanding some basic concepts.

Mechanics is especially useful. Gravitation including nonrigid celestial mechanics, rigid body celestial mechanics, particle celestial mechanics, and surface gravitation are somewhat important. Nonrigid bodies including wave mechanics, fluid mechanics, and deformable bodies is highly useful.

Rigid body mechanics including dynamic systems, static systems, and rotational dynamics is also significant. body description and motion with extended bodies, position and orientation, linear and angular velocity, linear and angular acceleration can be applied.

As a first approximation, samples of matter can be treated using particle mechanics. Particle systems including system propeties, interactions, and simplified systems are also used. Energetics including studies of work, mechanical energy, and power is useful. Kinetics including concepts of mass, momentum, and force, and types and cases of force, is also important. Kinematics with cases and types of motion, accelaration, velocity, and position is sometimes useful. Particle description can be considered.