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Particle systems deals with properties of systems or collections of particles and the interactions among particles. |
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Simplified mechanical systems that can be solved by treating the bodies involved as particles can also be considered.
This includes the interaction of particles, especially but not limited to collisions. Conservation of momentum and energy, and the nature of inter-particle forces are also considered.
These includes total and mean energy, and other related concepts such as the net force, total and mean momentum, center of mass, and the total and mean mass. These include such things as the acceleration of particles. Accelerated systems can be considered, but those with constant velocity are considered more often. A system may posess an overall velocity, which is the velocity of the centroid, althugh it is more usual to consider a system at rest, in which case the average velocity of the particles is also zero, but the average speed, which is usally important, may not be. Relative velocities may be considered. The position of particles is significant, especially when systems may be considered unbounded, or open, or closed. Closed systems are more tractable and easier to handle. A system may posess a geometric centroid, which could be described as the mean or average position. Relative position is also important. The number of particles is significant.
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History has some application. Prehistory, antiquity, classical and medieval history can be examined, but this subject developed in modern history and may perhaps be examined in the future. Sociology including social structure and change, communities, and peoples may be useful. Institutions including families, education, economics, government, and religion will be sgnificant. Culture including material culture, conceptual culture, and behavioral culture will be more useful. Anthropology including particular groups, human geography, human ecology, physical anthropology, demography, and social foundations, and particular groups seems to have little direct application. Personal studies will be somewhat connected to this subject. Biography can be somewhat connected. Psychology including behavioral fundamentals, mind, behavior patterns, developmental psychology,mental disorders, personality, and social psychology can be connected. The human body including form and appearance, life cycle and development, disease, body function, and body systems demonstrates possible applications. |
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Biology including biohistory, ecology, systematics, organism biology, cell biology, and molecular biology also demonstrates applications. Earth science including geohistory, physical geography, atmospheric science, hydrospheric science, and geology may also demonstrate applications. Astronomy including cosmology, galactic astronomy, stellar astronomy, and solar system astronomy demonstrates applications. Chemistry including chemical systems, changes, and substances demonstrates applications also. |
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The structure of matter and quantum physics principally demonstate applications. Relativity can be applied or compared to particle systems. Electromagnetism including electrostatics has some effects. Electric current seems to have fewer, but magnetism and optics may be connected. Thermodynamics principally suggests applications. Nonclassical thermodynamics and classical thermodynamic prsent few, but statistical mechanics uses this neavily. Gravitation, nonrigid mechanics, and rigid body mechanics principally demonstrate applications. Energetics including concepts of power, energy, and work is useful. Kinetics including concepts of types and cases of force, force concepts, momentum, and mass is important. Kinematics including types and cases of motion, acceleration, velocity, and position is useful. This subject presumes that standard particle description is being used. |
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