Particle description


Mechanics deals generally with physical objects or bodies. In particle mechanics, these are called particles. An object or body may be considered and treated as a particle when its internal motions, rotation, or shape and size are small or unimportant compared to the motion being considered. A mathematical idealization of a particle is a geometric point with mechanical properties. Such idealized particles do not exist in nature. This topic is not subdivided, but applications of the concept can be discussed.	Sapience Home Site Map About Sapience Science Physics Mechanics Particle mechanics

Mechanics deals generally with physical objects or bodies. In particle mechanics, these are called particles. An object or body may be considered and treated as a particle when its internal motions, rotation, or shape and size are small or unimportant compared to the motion being considered.

A mathematical idealization of a particle is a geometric point with mechanical properties. Such idealized particles do not exist in nature.

This topic is not subdivided, but applications of the concept can be discussed.


The history of the particle concept is obscure, but it seems to have become important in modern times. I am not sure whether it was developed in 16th century, 17th century, 18th century, or 19th century physics, but it is important in the 20th century, including the early 20th century, early mid 20th century, mid 20th century, late mid 20th century, late 20th century, and early 21st century. I have not yet considered the future.	Links to other sites Not yet included.
Sociology is useful because of peoples of the world. Nations such as the United States, China, India, and Indonesai can be connected, and particular civilizations such as Western civilization may be connected. Communities and social structure and change can be connected.
Institutions are scarcely connected. Religion seems to be minimally important. Government and economics are also minimally useful. Education including research, teaching, cultural institutions, educational organization, and particular schools is somewhat useful. Families do not seem strongly connected. Culture Behavioral culture including customs, occupations, recreation and entertainment, and cultural events is rher weakly connected. Conceptual culture including language, graphic arts, literature, mathematics, applied science, and philosophy is best connected. Material culture is somewhat weakly connected. Anthropology including social foundations, demography, physical anthropology, human ecology, and particular groups is fairly mimimally connected but may be significant.
Personal studies has limited application to particle description.
The human body including body systems, functions, diseases, life cycle, and form and appearance seems to have little directly to do with particle description. Pychology including behavioral foundations, mind, behavioral patterns, developmental psychology, mental disorders, personality, and social psuchology may be connected. Biography can be somewhat connected, though few individuals are prominent.
Other science	Links to other sites Not yet included.
Biology including molecular biology, cell biology, organism biology, systematics, ecology, and biohistory does not seem very useful. Earth science including geology, hydrospheric science, atmospheric science, physical geography, and geohistory seems less useful. Astronomical bodies in areas of cosmology, galactic astronomy, stellar astronomy, and planetary astronomy can often be treated as particles. Chemistry is also connected. Samples of substances can often be considered particles. It is difficult to imagine chemical changes being treated as particles, but sometimes chemical systems can be. This underlies other areas of particle mechanics. The structure of matter, quantum physics, relativity theory, thermodynamics, and electromagnetism may be connected. Gravitation, general mechanics, and rigid body mechanics make use of it. Systems of particles and energetics are connected. Kinetics including concepts of types and cases of force, force concepts, momentum, and mass can be applied. Kinematics including concepts of path of motion, acceleration, velocity, and position is connected.