Electromagnetism


Electromagnetism is the study of electricity, magnetism, and light. While these behave differently and were long thought to be entirely separate studies, they are now known to be interrelated. This subject is thus divided into electrostatics, electric current, magnetism, and optics.	Sapience Home Site Map About Sapience Science Physics Optics Magnetism Electric Current Electrostatics

Electromagnetism is the study of electricity, magnetism, and light. While these behave differently and were long thought to be entirely separate studies, they are now known to be interrelated. This subject is thus divided into electrostatics, electric current, magnetism, and optics.

Optics

Optics includes areas of electromagnetic waves, geometric optics, physical optics, quantum optics, and the electromagnetic spectrum.

Magnetism

Magnetism includes electric current elements, electric current assemblies, Magnetic field, magnetic forces, Magnetic flux, and magnetic properties of matter.

Electric Current

Electric current includes areas of current definition, EMF, resistance, direct current circuits, and alternating current circuits.

Electrostatics

Electrostatics includes areas of electric properties of matter, capacitance, electric flux, electric potential, electric field, electric force, distributions of charge, and electric charge.


History Electricity, magnetism, and light have been known for much of human history. Prehistory including early prehistory, middle prehistory, and late prehistory may possibly be connected. Antiquity including the 5th millennium BC, 4th millennium BC, 3rd millennium BC, 2nd millennium BC, and early 1st millennium BC may have some metion of them. They were not well studied in classical and medieval times including early classsical, late classical, early medieval, or late medieval times. By far the greatest progress in understanding them has been modern. Studies are recorded in the 16th century and in the 17th century, but it wasn't until the 18th century that real progress was made. In the 19th century, increasing control of electric current and magnetism let light be understood as an electromagnetic wave. The early 19th century, early mid 19th century, mid 19th century, late mid 19th century, and late 19th century can be connected. In the 20th century, there has been substantial improvement in understanding electromagnetism and its subdivisions. I do not yet have detail of the early 20th century, early mid 20th century, mid 20th century, late mid 20th century, or late 20th century. The early 21st century including the early 2000s, late 2000s, and early 2010s can be connected. The future including the near future, middle future, and far future can be connected. Sociology Peoples of the world can be connected. Electromagnetism is by far the best connected to Western civilization, though Asiatic peoples may have contributed some. Little is known of contributions of African or American Indian peoples. Communities can be connected. Social structure and change including social change, social types, and social structure can be connected. Institutions including families, education, economics, government, and religion are also connected to electromagnetism. Culture including material culture will be useful. Conceptual culture, including language, graphics, literature, mathematics, applied science, and philosophy, is vital. Behavioral culture is also useful. Anthropology seems to have limited application to Electromagnetism. Particular groups may be useful. Human geography including European, Asian, African, North American South American, and Oceanic geography may also be useful. Human ecology and physical anthropology are less useful. Demography including population change, population size and structure, death, migration, and birth may be useful. Social foundations including social group behavior, social group types, social control, social interaction, and social presentation may be useful. Personal studies Particular biographies will be useful. Important figures in the development of this science include: Newton Faraday Maxwell Einstein Psychology including social psychology, personality, developmental psychology, mental disorders, behavioral patterns, mind, and behavioral elements will be useful. Studies of the human body including form and appearance, live cycle, disease, body function, and body systems may be useful.
Other Science Biology including biohistory, ecology, systematics, organism biology, cell biology, and molecular biology also demonstrates various applications. Earth science including geohistory, physical geography, atmospheric science, hydrospheric science, and geology demonstrates other applications. Astronomy including cosmology, galactic astronomy, stellar astronomy, and solar system astronomy demonstrates applications.Chemistry including systems, chemical change, and substances has important connections to electromagnetism.	Links to other sites: Not yet available
Electromagnetism has important connectons to the structure of matter. Bulk matter physics including solids, liquids, and gases are highly important in studies of electromagnetism. Molecular physics including atomic bonding, molecular structure, and molecular behavior is also connected. Atomic physics, including some of nuclear physics but mostly electronic structure is also involved. Many of its roots can be traced to subatomic physics, including particles and interactions. Quantum physics is also essential for the detailed study of electromagnetism. For detailed and advanced understanding of electromagnetism, relativity is essential. Electromagnetism may be connected the general theory of relativity. The special theory of relativity is essential There are also connections to thermodynamics. Nonclassical thermodynamics including systems, states, and processes is also not much used at the elementary level of electromagnetism. Classical thermodynamics including systems, states, and processes is not often used at the elementary level of electromagnetism, but it could be. Statistical mechanics including quantum statistical mechanics, relativistic statistical mechanics, and classical statistical mechanics are used in some advanced developments. This section depends heavily on mechanics. There is little direct connection with gravitation, although there are similarities in some of the mathematical laws. Nonrigid celestial mechanics, rigid body celestial mechanics, particle celestial mechanics, and surface gravitation have analogies in electromagnetism. Nonrigid mechanics including wave mechanics, fluid mechanics, and deformable bodies is highly useful. Rigid body mechanics with dynamic systems, static systems, and rotational dynamics is useful. Rigid body description including extent, location and orientation, linear and angular velocity, and linear and angular accepertion is important in many areas. It is approached at an introductory level using particle mechanics. Particle systems including simplified systems, particle interaction, and system properties has important concepts. Energetics and concepts of power, mechanical energy, and work are important in electromagnetism. Kinetics including concepts of types and cases of force, force, momentum, and mass is also fundamental to electromagnetism. Kinematics including concepts of types and cases of motion, acceleration, velocity, and position is vital.Particle description is important.

History

Electricity, magnetism, and light have been known for much of human history. Prehistory including early prehistory, middle prehistory, and late prehistory may possibly be connected. Antiquity including the 5th millennium BC, 4th millennium BC, 3rd millennium BC, 2nd millennium BC, and early 1st millennium BC may have some metion of them. They were not well studied in classical and medieval times including early classsical, late classical, early medieval, or late medieval times.

By far the greatest progress in understanding them has been modern. Studies are recorded in the 16th century and in the 17th century, but it wasn't until the 18th century that real progress was made. In the 19th century, increasing control of electric current and magnetism let light be understood as an electromagnetic wave. The early 19th century, early mid 19th century, mid 19th century, late mid 19th century, and late 19th century can be connected. In the 20th century, there has been substantial improvement in understanding electromagnetism and its subdivisions. I do not yet have detail of the early 20th century, early mid 20th century, mid 20th century, late mid 20th century, or late 20th century. The early 21st century including the early 2000s, late 2000s, and early 2010s can be connected.

The future including the near future, middle future, and far future can be connected.

Sociology

Peoples of the world can be connected. Electromagnetism is by far the best connected to Western civilization, though Asiatic peoples may have contributed some. Little is known of contributions of African or American Indian peoples. Communities can be connected. Social structure and change including social change, social types, and social structure can be connected.

Institutions including families, education, economics, government, and religion are also connected to electromagnetism.

Culture including material culture will be useful. Conceptual culture, including language, graphics, literature, mathematics, applied science, and philosophy, is vital. Behavioral culture is also useful.

Anthropology seems to have limited application to Electromagnetism. Particular groups may be useful. Human geography including European, Asian, African, North American South American, and Oceanic geography may also be useful. Human ecology and physical anthropology are less useful. Demography including population change, population size and structure, death, migration, and birth may be useful. Social foundations including social group behavior, social group types, social control, social interaction, and social presentation may be useful.

Personal studies

Particular biographies will be useful. Important figures in the development of this science include:

Psychology including social psychology, personality, developmental psychology, mental disorders, behavioral patterns, mind, and behavioral elements will be useful. Studies of the human body including form and appearance, live cycle, disease, body function, and body systems may be useful.

Other Science

Biology including biohistory, ecology, systematics, organism biology, cell biology, and molecular biology also demonstrates various applications. Earth science including geohistory, physical geography, atmospheric science, hydrospheric science, and geology demonstrates other applications. Astronomy including cosmology, galactic astronomy, stellar astronomy, and solar system astronomy demonstrates applications.Chemistry including systems, chemical change, and substances has important connections to electromagnetism.

Links to other sites: Not yet available

Electromagnetism has important connectons to the structure of matter. Bulk matter physics including solids, liquids, and gases are highly important in studies of electromagnetism. Molecular physics including atomic bonding, molecular structure, and molecular behavior is also connected. Atomic physics, including some of nuclear physics but mostly electronic structure is also involved. Many of its roots can be traced to subatomic physics, including particles and interactions.

Quantum physics is also essential for the detailed study of electromagnetism. For detailed and advanced understanding of electromagnetism, relativity is essential. Electromagnetism may be connected the general theory of relativity. The special theory of relativity is essential

There are also connections to thermodynamics. Nonclassical thermodynamics including systems, states, and processes is also not much used at the elementary level of electromagnetism. Classical thermodynamics including systems, states, and processes is not often used at the elementary level of electromagnetism, but it could be. Statistical mechanics including quantum statistical mechanics, relativistic statistical mechanics, and classical statistical mechanics are used in some advanced developments.

This section depends heavily on mechanics.

There is little direct connection with gravitation, although there are similarities in some of the mathematical laws. Nonrigid celestial mechanics, rigid body celestial mechanics, particle celestial mechanics, and surface gravitation have analogies in electromagnetism.

Nonrigid mechanics including wave mechanics, fluid mechanics, and deformable bodies is highly useful.

Rigid body mechanics with dynamic systems, static systems, and rotational dynamics is useful. Rigid body description including extent, location and orientation, linear and angular velocity, and linear and angular accepertion is important in many areas.

It is approached at an introductory level using particle mechanics. Particle systems including simplified systems, particle interaction, and system properties has important concepts. Energetics and concepts of power, mechanical energy, and work are important in electromagnetism. Kinetics including concepts of types and cases of force, force, momentum, and mass is also fundamental to electromagnetism. Kinematics including concepts of types and cases of motion, acceleration, velocity, and position is vital.Particle description is important.