Hydrospheric Science


Hydrospheric science includes major divisions of oceanography, glaciology, groundwater, and fresh water.	Sapience Home Site Map About Sapience Science Earth Science

Hydrospheric science includes major divisions of oceanography, glaciology, groundwater, and fresh water.

Oceanography

By far the largest part of hydrospheric science, oceanography treats the physical and chemical behavior of the oceans and seawater and their interactions with the earth;s solid surface and the atmosphere, as well as other waters of the earth.

Glaciology

Glaciology is the study of ice, particularly slow-flowing ice, its physical and chemical makeup and structure, and its relationship with the atmosphere, land, and other waters of the earth. It also includes ocean ice.

Ground water

Ground water is the study of water below the surface of the earth, and its origins, makeup, and flow.

Freshwater

This includes the study of lakes, rivers, and streams and their behavior


History Prehistory including early prehistory, middle prehistory, and late prehistory can be connected. Antiquity including the 5th millennium BC, 4th millennium BC, 3rd millennium BC, 2nd millennium BC, and early 1st millennium BC can be connected. Classical and medieval times including early classical, late classical, early medieval, and late medieval times can be connected.	Other Sites: Not yet available
This subject has developed most during modern times including the 16th century and 17th century. The 18th century including the early 18th century, early mid 18th century, mid 18th century, and late mid 18th century can be connected. The 19th century including the early mid 19th century, mid 19th century, late mid 19th century, and late 19th century can be connected. The 20th century including the early 20th century, early mid 20th century, mid 20th century, and late mid 20th century can be connected. The late 20th century including the early 1980s, late 1980s, early 1990s, and late 1990s can be connected. The early 21st century including the early 2000s, late 2000s, and early 2010s can be connected. I have not yet examined the future. Sociology Sociology can be used to examine hydrospheric science. Peoples of the world including Asiatic peoples, Western Civilization, African peoples, and American Indian peoples can be considered. Particular nations including the United States, China, India, and Indonesia can be connected. Communities including Tokyo, Seoul, Mexico City, and New York City can be connected. Social structure and change including social change, social types, and social structure can be connected. Institutions including families, education, economics, government, and religion will be useful. Culture including material culture, conceptual culture, and behavioral culture can be considered. Anthropology including social foundations, demography, physical anthropology, human ecology, human geography, and particular groups may be useful. Personal studies including the human body, psychology, and biography have some application to the study of hydrospheric science. The connections of biology with hydrospheric science will be especially important The existence of connections with geology, atmospheric science, physical geography, and geohistory should be evident. There are also important connections with astronomy.Cosmology and galactic astronomy are not the most important areas, and stellar astronomy has limited significance, but planetary astronomy is important. There is some connection with solar system history. Hydrospheric studies depend heavily on the sun, and there is some connection with solar planetary systems. Mercury, Venus, and Mars are all less significant than the earth (including the earth itself and the moon), which is also more significant than Mars, Jupiter, Uranus, Neptune, and Pluto. planets. Minor bodies and interaction with the interplanetary medium are insignificant. This uses chemistry extensively. Connections with Systems include some organic chemistry but are primarily inorganic, with an emphasis on aqueous solution chemistry. Changes include mostly physical changes. Separation and mixing, condensation and evaporation are the chief processes. Some chemical reactions and a few nuclear reactions may also be significant. Substances are important. The earth's waters are mixtures, chiefly a liquid solution with dissolved gases and solids, but sometimes a suspension. Some of its waters are primarily in the solid state, and again mixed. They are dominated by one chemical compound but include many others, and several elements are present. Hydrospheric science uses physics, principally classical physics, rather intensively. In structure of matter, it uses bulk matter more than molecular physics, atomic physics, or subatomic physics. Quantum mechanics is only indirectly significant and relativity is not particularly useful Electromagnetism is also an important area. Electrostatics and concepts of electric charge and distribution, electric force, field, flux, potential, capacitance and electric properties of matter apply somewhat weakly to hydrospheric science. Electric current including current definition, EMF, resistance, DC circuits, AC circuits is also useful. Magnetism including current elements and assemblages, magnetic force, field, potential, and flux, inductance, and magnetic properties of matter are also significant. Electromagnetic studies include optics. Thermodynamics is also useful. Statistical mechanics is at a low level of analysis, but classical thermodynamics including systems, states, and processes, and nonclassical thermodynamics including systems, states, and processes are significant. Mechanics is an important area. Particle mechanics including particles, kinematics, kinetics, energetics, and particle systems has limited use. Rigid body mechanics including body description and motion, rotationn, static systems, and dynamic systems is slightly more useful. Nonrigid mechanics including deformable bodies, fluids, and wave mechanics is very useful. Gravitation including surface gravitation, particle celestial mechanics, rigid body celestial mechanics, and nonrigid celestial mechanics is also useful.

History

Prehistory including early prehistory, middle prehistory, and late prehistory can be connected. Antiquity including the 5th millennium BC, 4th millennium BC, 3rd millennium BC, 2nd millennium BC, and early 1st millennium BC can be connected. Classical and medieval times including early classical, late classical, early medieval, and late medieval times can be connected.

Other Sites: Not yet available

This subject has developed most during modern times including the 16th century and 17th century. The 18th century including the early 18th century, early mid 18th century, mid 18th century, and late mid 18th century can be connected. The 19th century including the early mid 19th century, mid 19th century, late mid 19th century, and late 19th century can be connected.

The 20th century including the early 20th century, early mid 20th century, mid 20th century, and late mid 20th century can be connected. The late 20th century including the early 1980s, late 1980s, early 1990s, and late 1990s can be connected. The early 21st century including the early 2000s, late 2000s, and early 2010s can be connected. I have not yet examined the future.

Sociology

Sociology can be used to examine hydrospheric science. Peoples of the world including Asiatic peoples, Western Civilization, African peoples, and American Indian peoples can be considered. Particular nations including the United States, China, India, and Indonesia can be connected. Communities including Tokyo, Seoul, Mexico City, and New York City can be connected. Social structure and change including social change, social types, and social structure can be connected.

Institutions including families, education, economics, government, and religion will be useful. Culture including material culture, conceptual culture, and behavioral culture can be considered. Anthropology including social foundations, demography, physical anthropology, human ecology, human geography, and particular groups may be useful. Personal studies including the human body, psychology, and biography have some application to the study of hydrospheric science.

The connections of biology with hydrospheric science will be especially important

The existence of connections with geology, atmospheric science, physical geography, and geohistory should be evident.

There are also important connections with astronomy.Cosmology and galactic astronomy are not the most important areas, and stellar astronomy has limited significance, but planetary astronomy is important. There is some connection with solar system history. Hydrospheric studies depend heavily on the sun, and there is some connection with solar planetary systems. Mercury, Venus, and Mars are all less significant than the earth (including the earth itself and the moon), which is also more significant than Mars, Jupiter, Uranus, Neptune, and Pluto. planets. Minor bodies and interaction with the interplanetary medium are insignificant.

This uses chemistry extensively. Connections with Systems include some organic chemistry but are primarily inorganic, with an emphasis on aqueous solution chemistry. Changes include mostly physical changes. Separation and mixing, condensation and evaporation are the chief processes. Some chemical reactions and a few nuclear reactions may also be significant. Substances are important. The earth's waters are mixtures, chiefly a liquid solution with dissolved gases and solids, but sometimes a suspension. Some of its waters are primarily in the solid state, and again mixed. They are dominated by one chemical compound but include many others, and several elements are present.

Hydrospheric science uses physics, principally classical physics, rather intensively.

In structure of matter, it uses bulk matter more than molecular physics, atomic physics, or subatomic physics. Quantum mechanics is only indirectly significant and relativity is not particularly useful

Electromagnetism is also an important area. Electrostatics and concepts of electric charge and distribution, electric force, field, flux, potential, capacitance and electric properties of matter apply somewhat weakly to hydrospheric science. Electric current including current definition, EMF, resistance, DC circuits, AC circuits is also useful. Magnetism including current elements and assemblages, magnetic force, field, potential, and flux, inductance, and magnetic properties of matter are also significant. Electromagnetic studies include optics.

Thermodynamics is also useful. Statistical mechanics is at a low level of analysis, but classical thermodynamics including systems, states, and processes, and nonclassical thermodynamics including systems, states, and processes are significant.

Mechanics is an important area. Particle mechanics including particles, kinematics, kinetics, energetics, and particle systems has limited use. Rigid body mechanics including body description and motion, rotationn, static systems, and dynamic systems is slightly more useful. Nonrigid mechanics including deformable bodies, fluids, and wave mechanics is very useful. Gravitation including surface gravitation, particle celestial mechanics, rigid body celestial mechanics, and nonrigid celestial mechanics is also useful.