Ecology


Ecology includes major divisions of behavioral ecology, population ecology, community ecology, system ecology, evolution, ecosystems, and biogeography.	Sapience Home Site Map About Sapience Science Biology Behavioral ecology Population ecology Community ecology System ecology Evolution Ecosystems Biogeography

Ecology includes major divisions of behavioral ecology, population ecology, community ecology, system ecology, evolution, ecosystems, and biogeography.

Biogeography

This includes the location and distribution of various communities and species. There are two major divisions. Marine and terrestrial biogeography. A rough guess at marine biogeography would include Arctic-Atlantic, Tropical Atlantic, Tropical Indo-pacific, and Antarctic. Terrestrial biogeography is divided into regions:Holarctic (including Nearctic and Palearctic), Neotropic, Afrotropic, Indomalayan, Australasian, Oceanic, and Antarctic.

Ecosystems

These are particular assemblages or communities, for instance a desert, a forest or a lake. There are many scales These are classified largely on the basis of dominant plant type and climate.

Evolution

This includes the processes of biological change. Its history is discussed in biohistory. This includes variation, selection, speciation, and extinction.

System ecology

This includes such things as food webs and nutrient and energy flows.

Community ecology

This includes interactions and relationships among species.

Population ecology

This includes processes of population growth and change, the also includes the spread or shrinkage of communities, and population genetics.

Behavioral ecology

This includes the biological causes and effects of behavior.


History Prehistory might be weakly connected. Various communities and relationships have been recognized since antiquity including the 5th millennium BC, 4th millennium BC, 3rd millennium BC, 2nd millennium BC, and early 1st millennium BC. they have also been considered somewhat throughout classical and medieval times including early classical, late classical, early medieval, and late medieval times.	Links to other sites: Yahoo Director - Ecology
The subject has only really developed in modern times. Various aspects of it are considered in the 16th century and 17th century. The 18th century including the early 18th century, early mid 18th century, mid 18th century, late mid 18th century, and late 18th century can be connected. The 19th century including the early 19th century, early mid 19th century, mid 19th century, late mid 19th century, and late 19th century can be connected. It has developed considerably in the 20th century including the early 20th century, early mid 20th century, mid 20th century, and late mid 20th century. The late 20th century including the early 1980s, late 1980s, early 1990s, and late 1990s can be connected. The early 21st century including the early 2000s, late 2000s, and early 2010s can be connected. It is sufficiently complex that a great deal remains to be learned about it in the future. Sociology Peoples of the world including African peoples may be useful in examining ecology. Particular nations including Brazil, Pakistan, Bangladesh, and Russia can be considered. Western civilization including the United States is useful. Asiatic peoples such as those of Indonesia can be connected. South Asian peoples including those of India can be connected. Oriental peoples including those of China can be connected. American Indian peoples such as are found in the United States can also be considered. Communities including Tokyo, Seoul, Mexico City, and New York City have been of some use in studies of ecology. Social structure and change including social structure, social types, and social change can be connected. Social institutions including families, education economics, and government can be applied. Religion including particular religions, religious organization, religous practice, and religious belief can be connected. Culture including material culture, conceptual culture, and behavioral culture can be considered. Anthropology including social foundations, demography, physical anthropology, human ecology, human geography, and particular groups can be connected. Personal studies including the human body, psychology, and biography can be applied to the study of ecology. It also depends on biological sciences of molecular biology including inorganics, small organics, carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acits, on cytology, and organism biology, including behavior. It depends on systematics, or the study of individual microbes, plants, fungi, and animals including tetrapods. It also depends on biohistory. Ecology depends somewhat on physics. The classical divisions of mechanics, thermodynamics, and electromagnetism are more useful than relativity or quantum mechanics. The structure of matter is also useful. It also depends on chemistry, including substances, changes, and systems. It also depends a little on astronomy, not so much on cosmology, galactic astronomy, stellar astronomy, as on solar system astronomy. It depends more directly on earth science. Geology including minerals, rocks, landforms, geologic processes, and interior geology may be useful in studies of ecology. Hydrospheric science including oceanography, glaciology, groundwater, and fresh water is also important. Atmospheric science including the structure of the atmosphere, meteorology, and climatology is also important. Ecology makes heavy use of physical geography including mapping, terrestrial geography, and oceanic geography. Geohistory including Precambrian, Paleozoic, Mesozoic, and Cenozoic eras will also be useful.

History

Prehistory might be weakly connected. Various communities and relationships have been recognized since antiquity including the 5th millennium BC, 4th millennium BC, 3rd millennium BC, 2nd millennium BC, and early 1st millennium BC. they have also been considered somewhat throughout classical and medieval times including early classical, late classical, early medieval, and late medieval times.

Links to other sites:
Yahoo Director - Ecology

The subject has only really developed in modern times. Various aspects of it are considered in the 16th century and 17th century. The 18th century including the early 18th century, early mid 18th century, mid 18th century, late mid 18th century, and late 18th century can be connected. The 19th century including the early 19th century, early mid 19th century, mid 19th century, late mid 19th century, and late 19th century can be connected. It has developed considerably in the 20th century including the early 20th century, early mid 20th century, mid 20th century, and late mid 20th century. The late 20th century including the early 1980s, late 1980s, early 1990s, and late 1990s can be connected. The early 21st century including the early 2000s, late 2000s, and early 2010s can be connected. It is sufficiently complex that a great deal remains to be learned about it in the future.

Sociology

Peoples of the world including African peoples may be useful in examining ecology. Particular nations including Brazil, Pakistan, Bangladesh, and Russia can be considered. Western civilization including the United States is useful. Asiatic peoples such as those of Indonesia can be connected. South Asian peoples including those of India can be connected. Oriental peoples including those of China can be connected. American Indian peoples such as are found in the United States can also be considered.

Communities including Tokyo, Seoul, Mexico City, and New York City have been of some use in studies of ecology.

Social structure and change including social structure, social types, and social change can be connected.

Social institutions including families, education economics, and government can be applied. Religion including particular religions, religious organization, religous practice, and religious belief can be connected.

Culture including material culture, conceptual culture, and behavioral culture can be considered. Anthropology including social foundations, demography, physical anthropology, human ecology, human geography, and particular groups can be connected. Personal studies including the human body, psychology, and biography can be applied to the study of ecology.

It also depends on biological sciences of molecular biology including inorganics, small organics, carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acits, on cytology, and organism biology, including behavior. It depends on systematics, or the study of individual microbes, plants, fungi, and animals including tetrapods. It also depends on biohistory.

Ecology depends somewhat on physics. The classical divisions of mechanics, thermodynamics, and electromagnetism are more useful than relativity or quantum mechanics. The structure of matter is also useful. It also depends on chemistry, including substances, changes, and systems. It also depends a little on astronomy, not so much on cosmology, galactic astronomy, stellar astronomy, as on solar system astronomy. It depends more directly on earth science. Geology including minerals, rocks, landforms, geologic processes, and interior geology may be useful in studies of ecology. Hydrospheric science including oceanography, glaciology, groundwater, and fresh water is also important. Atmospheric science including the structure of the atmosphere, meteorology, and climatology is also important. Ecology makes heavy use of physical geography including mapping, terrestrial geography, and oceanic geography. Geohistory including Precambrian, Paleozoic, Mesozoic, and Cenozoic eras will also be useful.