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Biohistory includes major divisions of Precambrian, Paleozoic, Mesozoic, and Cenozoic eras. |
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4.5 Billion years ago to 248 Million years ago. It includes Hadean, Archaean, and Proterozoic.
543 Million years ago to 248 Million years ago. This is known for the development of visible fossils. It includes the Cambrian, Ordovician, Silurian, Devonian, Carboniferous, which includes the Mississippian and Pennsylvanian periods, and the Permian.
248 Million years ago to 65 Million years ago. This is known for the dominance of gymnosperms and the like. Animal groups include, most popularly, the dinosaurs. This is divided into the Triassic, Jurassic, and Cretaceous periods.
65 Million years ago to present. This is especially known for the dominance of flowering plants, insects, teleost fishes, birds, and mammals. There were significant changes in communities and in biogeography. This was formerly divided into the Tertiary and Quaternary. The Tertiary included the Paleocene, Eocene, Oligocene, Miocene, and Pliocene epochs. The Quaternary included the Pleistocene and the Holocene. A more recent division of the Cenozoic has two periods, the Paleogene and the Neogene. The Paleogene includes the first three epochs of the Tertiary, while the Neogene includes the last two and the Quaternary.
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Biohistory makes little direct use of physics, or chemistry. It is better connected to astronomy, and not so much remote fields of cosmology, galactic astronomy, or stellar astronomy, but mostly to Solar system astronomy. It depends more directly on earth science. Geology, or the study of minerals, rocks, landforms, geologic processes, and interior geology affect this a great deal. This includes, Hydrospheric science including oceanography, glaciology, ground water, and fresh water also affects this. Atmospheric science including atmospheric structure, meteorology, and climatology will all be significant. physical geography including mapping, terrestrial geography, and oceanic geography and geohistory, including the Precambrian, Paleozoic, Mesozoic, and Cenozoic eras are also connected. |
Links to other sites: not yet included. |
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Studies of molecular biology including inorganics, small organics, carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids are useful in biohistory. Biohistory also depends on biological sciences of cell biology including the structure, behavior, and types of cells, and on organism biology. It depends on systematics, or the study of individual microbes, protists, plants, fungi, and animals. The tetrapods are important for recent periods. It depends most heavily on ecology, including behavioral ecology, populations, communities, system ecology, evolution, ecosystems including aquatic and terrestrial biomes, and biogeography, including marine and terrestrial biogeography. Personal studies including the human body, psychology, and biography are somewhat loosely connected to biohistory. Anthropology including social foundations, demography, physical anthropology, human ecology, human geography, and particular groups can be connected. Culture including material culture, conceptual culture, behavioral culture will also be useful. Institutions including families, education, economics, and government will also be useful. Religion including religious beliefs, practice, organization, and particular traditions has some influence on the study of biohistory. SociologySocial structure and change including social structure, social types, and social change will be useful. Communities including Tokyo, Seoul, Mexico City, New York City can be conneted. peoples of the world in biohistory will be useful. Advances from Asiatic peoples can be considered. Particular nations including Pakistan, Bangladesh, Russia, Nigeria, Japan, Mexico, and the Philippines can be examined. Western Civilization including peoples of Brazil will be closely connected. Anglic peoples including the United States can be connected. Asiatic peoples including those of Indonesia can be considered. South Asian peoples including those of India can be connected. Oriental peoples including those of China can be connected. American Indian peoples including peoples found in the United States and Brazil are less directly connected. HistoryAlthough the history of the earth has been the subject speculation since antiquity and throughout classical and medieval times, the subject has only really developed in modern times, The 16th century, 17th century, and 18th cengury are obscure. Present understanding of it began to form in the 19th century, and has been expanded throughout the 20th century. Developments in the early 20th century, early-mid 20th century, mid 20th century, late-mid 20th century, and late 20th century are being examined. Current events and discoveries are mentioned in the early 21st century. It is sufficiently complex that a great deal remains to be learned about it in the future. |
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