Psychology


Psychology deals with the study of the human mind and human behavior at the individual level. It includes studies of behavioral elements, the mind, behavioral patterns, mental development, mental disorders, personality, and social psychology. This organization is somewhat tentative and may be subject to some reorganization.	Sapience Home Site Map About Sapience Personal studies Social Psychology Personality Mental disorders Developmental psychology Behavioral patterns Mind Behavioral elements

Psychology deals with the study of the human mind and human behavior at the individual level. It includes studies of behavioral elements, the mind, behavioral patterns, mental development, mental disorders, personality, and social psychology.

This organization is somewhat tentative and may be subject to some reorganization.

Personal studies

Social Psychology

Social psychology refers to the influence that other people have on a person and the influence a person may have on other people.

Personality

The study of personality refers to integration of various elements of psychology into patterns of behavior and interaction.

Mental Disorders

Mental disease and illness includes various kinds of mental illness. Diagnosis and treatment belong in the area of culture.

Developmental psychology

This refers to the development during the human life cycle.

Behavior Patterns

This includes studies of motivation, but also a classification of various kinds of activities that people are involved in. This is principally elements of behavior that are built up to form culturally-taught patterns.

Mind

The mind is traditionally recognized as composed of emotion, cognition (thinking), and volition (the will).

A major section of psychology deals with learning, memory, and consciousness. These are principally mental activities.

Behavioral elements

These include sensation, perception, and motor activity.


History Prehistory Early prehistory including the Pliocene, early Pleistocene, early mid Pleistocene, late mid Pleistocene, and late Pleistocene can be connected. Middle prehistory including the 5th decamillennium BP, 4th decamillennium BP, 3rd decamillennium BP, 2nd decamillennium BP can be connected. Late prehistory including the early 8th millennium BC, late 8th millennium BC, early 7th millennium BC, late 8th millennium BC, early 6th millennium BC, and late 6th millennium BC can be connected.	Links to other sites: Yahoo directory - Cognitive Science
Antiquity The 5th millennium BC including the early 5th millennium BC, early mid 5th millennium BC, mid 5th millennium BC, late mid 5th millennium BC, and late 5th millennium BC can be connected. The 4th millennium BC including the early 4th millennium BC, early mid 4th millennium BC, mid 4th millennium BC, late mid 4th millennium BC, and late 4th millennium BC can be connected. The 3rd millennium BC including the early 3rd millennium BC, early mid 3rd millennium BC, mid 3rd millennium BC, late mid 3rd millennium BC, and late 3rd millennium BC can be connected. The 2nd millennium BC including the early 2nd millennium BC, early mid 2nd millennium BC, mid 2nd millennium BC, late mid 2nd millennium BC, and late 2nd millennium BC can be connected. The early 1st millennium BC including the 10th century BC, 9th century BC, 8th century BC, 7th century BC, and 6th century BC can be connected. Classical and medieval history Early classical times including the 5th century BC, 4th century BC, 3rd century BC, 2nd century BC, and 1st century BC can be connected. Late classical times including the 1st century CE, 2nd century CE, 3rd century CE, 4th century CE, and 5th century CE can be connected. Early medieval times including the 6th century, 7th century, 8th century, 9th century, and 10th century can be connected. Late medieval times including the 11th century, 12th century, 13th century, 14th century, and 15th century can be connected. Modern history In the 16th century including the early 16th century, early mid 16th century, mid 16th century, late mid 16th century, and late 16th century it was not considered well. The 17th century including the early 17th century, and early mid 17th century can be connected. The mid 17th century including the early 1640s, late 1640s, early 1650s, and late 1650s can be connected. The late mid 17th century including the early 1660s, late 1660s, early 1670s, and late 1670s can be connected. The late 17th century including the early 1680s, late 1680s, early 1690s, and late 1690s can be connected. The use of experient and careful observation seems to have begun in the 18th century, although I do not yet have details of the early 18th century, early mid 18th century, mid 18th century, late mid 18th century, or late 18th century. Psychology developed in the 19th century. The early 19th century, early mid 19th century, mid 19th century, late-mid 19th century can be connected. The late 19th century including the early 1880s, late 1880s, early 1890s, and late 1890s can be considered. Freud's work is listed because it has been and still is influential, not necessarily because it is reliable. 1895 - 1898 Freud publishes work on psychoanalysis and dream interpretation. 20th century I do not yet have many details of the early 20th century including the early 1900s, late 1900s, early 1920s, and late 1920s. 1905 Freud published his theories of sexuality and its influence on psychological development. The early mid 20th century including the early 1920s, late 1920s, early 1930s, and late 1930s can be connected. The mid 20th century including the early 1940s, late 1940s, early 1950s, and late 1950s can be connected. The late-mid 20th century including the early 1960s, late 1960s, early 1970s, and late 1970s so far lacks detail. Late 20th century The early 1980s including 1981, 1982, 1983, 1984, and 1985 can be connected. The late 1980s including 1986, 1987, 1988, 1989, and 1990 can be connected. The early 1990s including 1991, 1992, 1993, 1994, and 1995 can be connected. The late 1990s including 1996, 1997, 1998, and 1999 can be connected. Early 21st century The early 2000s including 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004, and 2005 can be connected. The late 2000s including 2006 and 2007 can be connected. 2008 including the first quarter, second quarter, third quarter with July, August, and September, and the fourth quarter oncluding October and November can be connected. 2009 including the first quarter 2009, second quarter 2009, third quarter 2009, and fourth quarter 2009 can be connected. 2010 including the first quarter 2010, second quarter 2010, third quarter 2010, and fourth quarter 2010 can be connected. The early 2010s can be connected. 2011 can be connected. The first quarter 2011 can be connected. January 2011 including 2011 week 1, 2011 week 2, 2011 week 3, 2011 week 4, 2011 week 5, and 2011 week 6 can be connected. February 2011, and March 2011 can be connected. The second quarter 2011 including April 2011 and May 2011 can be connected. June 2011 including 2011 week 23, 2011 week 24, and 2011 week 25 can be considered. Future The near future including next month, next quarter, and next year might be connected. The middle future and far future have not yet been well examined. Sociology Peoples of the world will be important. Particular nations such as Vietnam, Germany, Egypt, and Ethiopia will be useful in examining it. Western Civilization including Mexico can be considered. Anglic peoles including the United States are important. Latin peoples including those of Brazil can be considered. Northeast European peoples including those of Russia can be considered. Asiatic peoples including those of the Philippines will be useful. South Asian peoples such as those of India, Pakistan, and Bangladesh can be considered. Oriental peoples such as those of China and Japan can be considered. Southeast Asian peoples including those of Indonesia can be considered. African peoples including those of Nigeria can be considered. American Indian peoples such as those found Mexico, can be considered. South American Indian peoples as found in Brazil do not seem to be well connected. North American Indian peoples found in the United States are not as well connected. Communities such as Tokyo, Seoul, Mexico City, and New York City are also useful to psychology. Social structure and change Social change Particular changes and movements The agricultural revolution can be connected. The agrarian revolution including bronze age movmements, early iron age movements, late iron age movements, and modernization can be connected. The industrial revolution including the early industrial revolution, middle industrial revolution, and late industrial revolution can be connected. Social change factors including institutional change, cultural change, demographic change, and natural change can be connected. Social change processes including innovation, transmission, adaptation, and extinction can be connected. Social types Industrial societies can be connected. Agrarian societies can be connected. Horticultural societies can be connected. Hunting and gathering societies can be connected. Social structure including cultural structure and anthropological structure can be connected. Community and regional structure can be connected. Class structure can be connected. Institutional structure can be connected. Institutions Religion Religions of the world including Asiatic religion, secularism, and pagan religion can be connected. Abrahamic religion including Christianity, Islam, and Judaism can be connected. Religious organization including highly structured, fragmented, and loosely structured organization may be connected. Religious practice can be connected. Religious belief can be connected. Government Particular governments including international government, national government, and local government can be connected. Government activities including state relations, administration, and succession can be connected. Government structure including government forms, heads of state, executive systems, legislative systems, judicial systems, and political parties and interest groups can be connected. Law including international law, Western law, asiatic law, and tribal law can be connected. Economics Economic systems including economic system behavior, economic system types, networks, and firms can be connected. Industries including commercial and financial industries, communications industries, transportation industry, social and medical services, buliding and construction, manufacturing and extraction, and agriculture can be connected. Economic activities including consumption, distribution and excnange, and production can be connected. Education including research, teaching, cultural institutions, and educational organization will be highly important. Schools including higher education, secondary education, and primary education can be connected. Families including marriage, parenting, kinship, and particular families are connected to psychology. Culture Behavioral culture including customs, occupations, recreation and entertainment, and cultural events will be useful. Conceptual culture including language, graphic arts, and literature will be highly useful in study of psychology. Philosophy including philosophical schools and doctrines, special topics, ethics, aesthetics, metaphysics, epistemology, and logic can be connected. Applied science including applied social science, accounting, information science, medical science, navigation, engineering, and measurement can be connected. Mathematics including statistics, geometry, analysis, algebra, arithmetic, and mathematical foundations can be connected. Material culture including industrial technology, building technology, clothing, foodstuffs, transportation technology, communication technology, and other artifacts may be useful in psychology. There are also strong connections to anthropology. Particular groups, human ecology, human geograpny, physical anthropology, demography, and social foundations affect psychology in various different ways. Other Personal Studies Information from biography is also useful; for one because it includes psychologists, and because human lives are the subject matter of psychology. Prominent individuals include: Aristotle This depends quite heavily on studies of the human body. Form and appearance is important to social psychology, but not so much to other areas. The life cycle including gestation, infancy, childhood, adolesence, adulthood, senescence, and death is important especially in developmental psychology. Disease is important. Body function including control, reproductionve, vital, and mobility functions, and Body systems including control, reproductive, vital, and structural systems are all important in psychology. Natural science There are strong connections of psychology to biology. Most of biohistory before the Cenozoic era does not apply. Ecology including behavioral ecology, population ecology, community ecology, systems ecology, evolution, ecosystems, and biogeography is less significant. Systematics are also useful, not so much microbes. protists, plants, or fungi, but studies of animals are also useful. Organism biology including habitat, tissues, organ systems, form, life cycle, and behavior are of some use in studies of psychology. Cell biology including cellular anatomy, behavior, and especially types is somewhat more significant. Molecular biology involving inorganic molecules, small organics, carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids is somewhat useful. Psychology depends somewhat on earth science, including geohistory, physical geography, atmospheric science, hydrospheric science, and geology. Most of astronomy including cosmology, galactic astronomy, stellar astronomy, and local astronomy has little connection to psychology. Chemistry including chemical systems, chemical change, and substances may have various effects, notably through the the effects of various drugs on the human system. Physics Physics has various effects on psychology. Parts of the structure of matter are connected. Quantum physics and relativity are less directly involved. Parts of electromagnetism and thermodynamics have direct connection with subjects of psychology. Mechanics including gravitation with its areas of nonrigid celestial mechanics, rigid body celestial mechanics, particle celestial mechanics, and surface gravitation has some connection. Particle mechanics including may be somewhat applicable. Rather few things important to psychology can be described as particles. Concepts of kinematics including position, velocity, acceleration, and types of motion can be used. Concepts of kinetics including mass, force, momentum, and types of force can be connected. Concepts of energetics including work, mechanical energy, and power can be connected. Systematics including system properties, interactions, and simplified systems can be considered. Rigid body mechanics including body description and motion, rotation, static systems, and dynamics systems can also be connected. Nonrigid mechanics including deformable bodies, fluid mechanics, and wave mechanics can also be connected. Gravitation will also be useful.

History

Prehistory

Early prehistory including the Pliocene, early Pleistocene, early mid Pleistocene, late mid Pleistocene, and late Pleistocene can be connected. Middle prehistory including the 5th decamillennium BP, 4th decamillennium BP, 3rd decamillennium BP, 2nd decamillennium BP can be connected. Late prehistory including the early 8th millennium BC, late 8th millennium BC, early 7th millennium BC, late 8th millennium BC, early 6th millennium BC, and late 6th millennium BC can be connected.

Links to other sites:
Yahoo directory - Cognitive Science

Antiquity

The 5th millennium BC including the early 5th millennium BC, early mid 5th millennium BC, mid 5th millennium BC, late mid 5th millennium BC, and late 5th millennium BC can be connected. The 4th millennium BC including the early 4th millennium BC, early mid 4th millennium BC, mid 4th millennium BC, late mid 4th millennium BC, and late 4th millennium BC can be connected. The 3rd millennium BC including the early 3rd millennium BC, early mid 3rd millennium BC, mid 3rd millennium BC, late mid 3rd millennium BC, and late 3rd millennium BC can be connected. The 2nd millennium BC including the early 2nd millennium BC, early mid 2nd millennium BC, mid 2nd millennium BC, late mid 2nd millennium BC, and late 2nd millennium BC can be connected. The early 1st millennium BC including the 10th century BC, 9th century BC, 8th century BC, 7th century BC, and 6th century BC can be connected.

Classical and medieval history

Early classical times including the 5th century BC, 4th century BC, 3rd century BC, 2nd century BC, and 1st century BC can be connected. Late classical times including the 1st century CE, 2nd century CE, 3rd century CE, 4th century CE, and 5th century CE can be connected. Early medieval times including the 6th century, 7th century, 8th century, 9th century, and 10th century can be connected. Late medieval times including the 11th century, 12th century, 13th century, 14th century, and 15th century can be connected.

Modern history

In the 16th century including the early 16th century, early mid 16th century, mid 16th century, late mid 16th century, and late 16th century it was not considered well.

The 17th century including the early 17th century, and early mid 17th century can be connected. The mid 17th century including the early 1640s, late 1640s, early 1650s, and late 1650s can be connected. The late mid 17th century including the early 1660s, late 1660s, early 1670s, and late 1670s can be connected. The late 17th century including the early 1680s, late 1680s, early 1690s, and late 1690s can be connected.

The use of experient and careful observation seems to have begun in the 18th century, although I do not yet have details of the early 18th century, early mid 18th century, mid 18th century, late mid 18th century, or late 18th century.

Psychology developed in the 19th century. The early 19th century, early mid 19th century, mid 19th century, late-mid 19th century can be connected. The late 19th century including the early 1880s, late 1880s, early 1890s, and late 1890s can be considered.

Freud's work is listed because it has been and still is influential, not necessarily because it is reliable.

1895 - 1898 Freud publishes work on psychoanalysis and dream interpretation.

20th century

I do not yet have many details of the early 20th century including the early 1900s, late 1900s, early 1920s, and late 1920s.

1905 Freud published his theories of sexuality and its influence on psychological development.

The early mid 20th century including the early 1920s, late 1920s, early 1930s, and late 1930s can be connected. The mid 20th century including the early 1940s, late 1940s, early 1950s, and late 1950s can be connected. The late-mid 20th century including the early 1960s, late 1960s, early 1970s, and late 1970s so far lacks detail.

Late 20th century

The early 1980s including 1981, 1982, 1983, 1984, and 1985 can be connected. The late 1980s including 1986, 1987, 1988, 1989, and 1990 can be connected. The early 1990s including 1991, 1992, 1993, 1994, and 1995 can be connected. The late 1990s including 1996, 1997, 1998, and 1999 can be connected.

Early 21st century

The early 2000s including 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004, and 2005 can be connected.

The late 2000s including 2006 and 2007 can be connected. 2008 including the first quarter, second quarter, third quarter with July, August, and September, and the fourth quarter oncluding October and November can be connected. 2009 including the first quarter 2009, second quarter 2009, third quarter 2009, and fourth quarter 2009 can be connected. 2010 including the first quarter 2010, second quarter 2010, third quarter 2010, and fourth quarter 2010 can be connected.

The early 2010s can be connected. 2011 can be connected. The first quarter 2011 can be connected. January 2011 including 2011 week 1, 2011 week 2, 2011 week 3, 2011 week 4, 2011 week 5, and 2011 week 6 can be connected. February 2011, and March 2011 can be connected.

The second quarter 2011 including April 2011 and May 2011 can be connected. June 2011 including 2011 week 23, 2011 week 24, and 2011 week 25 can be considered.

Future

The near future including next month, next quarter, and next year might be connected. The middle future and far future have not yet been well examined.

Sociology

Peoples of the world will be important. Particular nations such as Vietnam, Germany, Egypt, and Ethiopia will be useful in examining it.

Western Civilization including Mexico can be considered. Anglic peoles including the United States are important. Latin peoples including those of Brazil can be considered. Northeast European peoples including those of Russia can be considered.

Asiatic peoples including those of the Philippines will be useful. South Asian peoples such as those of India, Pakistan, and Bangladesh can be considered. Oriental peoples such as those of China and Japan can be considered. Southeast Asian peoples including those of Indonesia can be considered.

African peoples including those of Nigeria can be considered. American Indian peoples such as those found Mexico, can be considered. South American Indian peoples as found in Brazil do not seem to be well connected. North American Indian peoples found in the United States are not as well connected.

Communities such as Tokyo, Seoul, Mexico City, and New York City are also useful to psychology.

Social structure and change

Social change

Particular changes and movements

The agricultural revolution can be connected. The agrarian revolution including bronze age movmements, early iron age movements, late iron age movements, and modernization can be connected. The industrial revolution including the early industrial revolution, middle industrial revolution, and late industrial revolution can be connected. Social change factors including institutional change, cultural change, demographic change, and natural change can be connected. Social change processes including innovation, transmission, adaptation, and extinction can be connected.

Social types

Industrial societies can be connected. Agrarian societies can be connected. Horticultural societies can be connected. Hunting and gathering societies can be connected.

Social structure including cultural structure and anthropological structure can be connected. Community and regional structure can be connected. Class structure can be connected. Institutional structure can be connected.

Institutions

Religion

Religions of the world including Asiatic religion, secularism, and pagan religion can be connected. Abrahamic religion including Christianity, Islam, and Judaism can be connected.

Religious organization including highly structured, fragmented, and loosely structured organization may be connected. Religious practice can be connected. Religious belief can be connected.

Government

Particular governments including international government, national government, and local government can be connected. Government activities including state relations, administration, and succession can be connected. Government structure including government forms, heads of state, executive systems, legislative systems, judicial systems, and political parties and interest groups can be connected. Law including international law, Western law, asiatic law, and tribal law can be connected.

Economics

Economic systems including economic system behavior, economic system types, networks, and firms can be connected. Industries including commercial and financial industries, communications industries, transportation industry, social and medical services, buliding and construction, manufacturing and extraction, and agriculture can be connected. Economic activities including consumption, distribution and excnange, and production can be connected.

Education including research, teaching, cultural institutions, and educational organization will be highly important. Schools including higher education, secondary education, and primary education can be connected.

Families including marriage, parenting, kinship, and particular families are connected to psychology.

Culture

Behavioral culture including customs, occupations, recreation and entertainment, and cultural events will be useful.

Conceptual culture including language, graphic arts, and literature will be highly useful in study of psychology. Philosophy including philosophical schools and doctrines, special topics, ethics, aesthetics, metaphysics, epistemology, and logic can be connected. Applied science including applied social science, accounting, information science, medical science, navigation, engineering, and measurement can be connected. Mathematics including statistics, geometry, analysis, algebra, arithmetic, and mathematical foundations can be connected.

Material culture including industrial technology, building technology, clothing, foodstuffs, transportation technology, communication technology, and other artifacts may be useful in psychology.

There are also strong connections to anthropology. Particular groups, human ecology, human geograpny, physical anthropology, demography, and social foundations affect psychology in various different ways.

Other Personal Studies

Information from biography is also useful; for one because it includes psychologists, and because human lives are the subject matter of psychology. Prominent individuals include:

Aristotle

This depends quite heavily on studies of the human body. Form and appearance is important to social psychology, but not so much to other areas. The life cycle including gestation, infancy, childhood, adolesence, adulthood, senescence, and death is important especially in developmental psychology. Disease is important. Body function including control, reproductionve, vital, and mobility functions, and Body systems including control, reproductive, vital, and structural systems are all important in psychology.

Natural science

There are strong connections of psychology to biology. Most of biohistory before the Cenozoic era does not apply. Ecology including behavioral ecology, population ecology, community ecology, systems ecology, evolution, ecosystems, and biogeography is less significant. Systematics are also useful, not so much microbes. protists, plants, or fungi, but studies of animals are also useful. Organism biology including habitat, tissues, organ systems, form, life cycle, and behavior are of some use in studies of psychology. Cell biology including cellular anatomy, behavior, and especially types is somewhat more significant. Molecular biology involving inorganic molecules, small organics, carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids is somewhat useful.

Psychology depends somewhat on earth science, including geohistory, physical geography, atmospheric science, hydrospheric science, and geology. Most of astronomy including cosmology, galactic astronomy, stellar astronomy, and local astronomy has little connection to psychology. Chemistry including chemical systems, chemical change, and substances may have various effects, notably through the the effects of various drugs on the human system.

Physics

Physics has various effects on psychology. Parts of the structure of matter are connected. Quantum physics and relativity are less directly involved. Parts of electromagnetism and thermodynamics have direct connection with subjects of psychology. Mechanics including gravitation with its areas of nonrigid celestial mechanics, rigid body celestial mechanics, particle celestial mechanics, and surface gravitation has some connection. Particle mechanics including may be somewhat applicable. Rather few things important to psychology can be described as particles. Concepts of kinematics including position, velocity, acceleration, and types of motion can be used. Concepts of kinetics including mass, force, momentum, and types of force can be connected. Concepts of energetics including work, mechanical energy, and power can be connected. Systematics including system properties, interactions, and simplified systems can be considered. Rigid body mechanics including body description and motion, rotation, static systems, and dynamics systems can also be connected. Nonrigid mechanics including deformable bodies, fluid mechanics, and wave mechanics can also be connected. Gravitation will also be useful.

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