Biography

Individuals are listed in alphabetical order. For many of these entries, only a brief mention of birth and death year, plus just enough information to place them in their historical or other context is given. There are many entries which are linked to more specific biographical information, although many of them are seriously incomplete. Because information is to be cross-linked to other areas of the knowledge base, the improvement of them is a slow, gradual process.

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For more details on these individuals, see the references mentioned below. The biographical list here is largely based on Hart's list, mentioned below, although there are a couple of omissions and changes, and rankings are not included. Other entries include current and recent heads of government of major nations.

Dates are given as CE, (Christian or Common Era) after the date, instead of A.D., and BC (before Christian or Common). They are sometimes given as c. (circa) for about, especially for birth years which must be estimated from incomplete records. For a few individuals, only the approximate period when they lived can be identified.

In order to search this list for people who lived at the same time, or in the same place, or who contributed in similar areas, see the particular areas. For instance, many of those who lived in the 20th century would be listed under that period. Development of this search ability is an ongoing part of development of this knowledge base.

History

History at the general level general is not useful, because everyone can be located to a particular period or periods. In order to search this list for people who lived at a particular time, it's necessary to pick a particular time.

Prehistory

This may be limited to the identification of specific skeletons: their contemporary names, if they had them, are unknown, while named individuals who are supposed to have lived in this period cannot be definitely identifed from independent sources.

Antiquity

There are only a few people that can be identified from antiquity. I have no specific individuals from the 5th millennium BC or the 4th millennium BC. The third millennium BC including the early 3rd millennium BC, early mid 3rd millennium BC, mid 3rd millennium BC, late mid 3rd millennium BC, and late 3rd millennium BC can be connected. The second millennium BC including the early 2nd millennium BC, early mid 2nd millennium BC, mid 2nd millennium BC, and late 2nd millennium BC has a few individuals. The early first Millennium BC including the 10th century BC, 9th century BC, 8th century BC, 7th century BC, and 6th century BC has a few individuals.

Classical and medieval history

The early classical period including the 5th century BC, 4th century BC, 3rd century BC, 2nd century BC, and 1st century BC can be connected. The late classical period including the 1st century CE, 2nd century CE, 3rd century CE, and 4th century CE can be connected. The early medieval period including the 6th century, 7th century, 8th century, 9th century, and 10th century can be connected. The late medieval period including the 11th century, 12th century, 13th century, 14th century, and 15th century can be connected.

Modern history

The 16th century including the early 16th century, early mid 16th century, mid 16th century, late mid 16th century, and late 16th century can be connected.

The 17th century can be connected. The early 17th century, early mid 17th century, mid 17th century, late mid 17th century, and late 17th century can be connected.

There is significant attention given to people who lived in the 18th century including the early 18th century, early mid 18th century, mid 18th century, late-mid 18th century, and late 18th century.

19th Century

The early 19th century including the early 1800s, late 1800s, early 1810s, and late 1810s can be connected. The early-mid 19th century including the early 1820s, late 1820s, early 1830s, and late 1830s can be connected. The mid-19th century including the early 1840s, late 1840s, early 1850s, and late 1850s can be connected. The late-mid 19th Century including the early 1860s, late 1860s, early 1870s, and late 1870s can be connected. The late 19th Century including the early 1880s, late 1880s, early 1890s, and late 1890s can be connected.

20th century

There is also attention given to people who lived during the early 20th century including the early 1900s, late 1900s, early 1910s, and late 1910s. The early-mid 20th century including the early 1920s, late 1920s, early 1930s, and late 1930s can be connected. There is also some attention given to people living in the mid 20th century including the early 1940s, late 1940s, early 1950s, and late 1950ss, and the late-mid 20th century including the early 1960s, late 1970s, early 1970s, and late 1970s.

Late 20th century

The early 1980s including 1981, 1982, 1983, 1984, and 1985 can be connected. The late 1980s including 1986, 1987, 1988, 1989, and 1990 can be connected. The early 1990s including 1991, 1992, 1993, 1994, and 1995 can be connected. The late 1990s including 1996, 1997, 1998, 1999, and 2000 can be connected.

Early 21st century

This includes numerous references to people who are still living.

The early 2000s including 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004, and 2005 can be connected.

The late 2000s including 2006 and 2007 can be connected.

2008 including the first quarter, second quarter, third quarter with July, August, and September, and fourth quarter including October and November can be connected.

2009 including the first quarter 2009, second quarter 2009, third quarter 2009, and fourth quarter 2009 can be connected. 2010 including the first quarter 2011, second quarter 2010, third quarter 2010, and fourth quarter 2010 can be connected.

The early 2010s can be connected. 2011 can be connected. The first quarter 2011 can be connected. January 2011 including 2011 week 1, 2011 week 2, 2011 week 3, 2011 week 4, 2011 week 5, and 2011 week 6 can be connected. February 2011, and March 2011 can be connected. The second quarter 2011 including April 2011, and May 2011 can be connected. June 2011 including 2011 week 23, 2011 week 24, and 2011 week 25 can be connected.

It cannot be projected very far into the future, except the near future including next month, next quarter, and next year. The middle future is uncertain and the far future impossible to predict.

Sociology

Each person has lived in or been influenced by one or more of the various peoples of the world. There is little sorting by nations at present, although Turkey, Congo DR, Iran, Thailand, France, UK, Italy, South Korea, Burma, Ukraine, Colombia, South Africa, Argentina, Spain, Sudan, and Tanzania can be considered.

A majority of these are associated with Western civilization, including nations such as Germany. Many are associated with Anglic peoples including British and Anglo-American, especially the United States, then Canada and the British Caribbean, though Anglo-australian peoples are also of interest. Latin people, including Mexico, French and Hispanic are also included. Lusitanic peoples including those of Brazil can be connected. Germanic peoples are mentioned, as well as a few from Northeast Europe including Russia.

A minority are associated with Asiatic peoples such as Egypt with a few Middle Eastern individuals and a few from North African, Egyptian, Arabian, and Levantine peoples. There are also South Asian peoples such as those of India, Pakistan, and Bangladesh. Oriental peoples such as those of China and Japan can be considered. Southeast Asian peoples including those of Vietnam can be connected. The Southeast Asian Archipelagoes including Indonesia and the Philippines can be considered. Central Asian peoples can be considered as well.

African peoples including Ethiopia do not yet have many biographies associated with them. Western African peoples including those of Nigeria can be connected.

American Indian peoples including Mexico are not yet well known. Middle American Indian peoples including those of the southwestern United States do not yet have biographies connected. South American Indians as found in Brazil do not yet have biographies connected. North American Indian peoples as found in the United States do not have any biographies associated with them. Eastern North American Indian peoples and Western North American Indian peoples can be connected.

Communities

The relation between communities and individuals is rather complicated, since many individuals come from small towns, and the connection with the major cities of the world has not yet been made. Tokyo, Seoul, Mexico City, and New York City are not yet connected.

Social structure and change

Social change

Particular changes and movements can be connected. The agricultural revolution can be connected. The agrarian revolution including bronze age developments, early iron age developments, late iron age developments, and modernization can be connected. The industrial revolution including the early industrial revolution, middle industrial revolution, and late industrial revolution can be connected. Social change factors including institutional change, cultural change, demographic change, and natural change can be connected. Social change processes including innovation, transmission, adaptation, and extinction can be considered.

Social types

Industrial societies can be connected. Agrarian societies can be connected. Horticultural societies can be connected. Hunting and gathering societies can be connected.

Social structure including anthropological structure can be connected. Community and regional structure can be connected. Class structure can be connected. Institutional structure can be connected. Cultural structure can be connected.

Institutions

Religion

Particular traditions including pagan religion, asiatic religion, and secularism are especially significant. Abrahamic religion including Christianity, Islam, and Judaism can be connected. Religious organization including highly structured, fragmented, and loosely structured organization can be connected. Religious practice can be connected. Religious belief can be connected.

Government

Particular governments including international government, national government, and local government can be connected. Government activity including state relations, administration, and succession can be connected. Government structure including government forms, heads of state, executive systems, legislative systems, judicial systems, and political parties and interest groups can be connected. Law including international law, Western law, Asiatic law, and tribal law can be connected.

Economics

Economic systems including economic system behavior, economic system types, networks, and firms can be connected. Industries including commerical and financial, communication, transportation, social and medical services, building and construction, and agriculture can be connected. Economic activities including consumption, distribution and exchange, and production can be connected.

Education including research and teaching may also be useful. Schools including higher education, secondary education, and primary education can be connected. Educational organization including administration, faculty, students, and course material can be connected. Cultural institutions including performance venues, libraries, and museums can be connected.

Family concepts including marriage, parenting, kinship, and particular families will be useful.

Culture

Behavioral culture including customs, occupations, recreation and entertainment, and cultural events is important.

Conceptual culture can be considered. Philosophy including philosophical schools and doctrines, special topics, aesthetics, ethics, metaphysics, epistemology, and logic can be connected. Applied science including applied social science accounting, information and computing science, medical science, navigation, engineering science, ahd measurement might be applied. Mathematics including statistics, geometry, analysis, algebra, arithmetic, and mathematical foundations might be connected. Literature, including particular literary works, types and genres, forms, and oral tradition will be essential. Graphic arts and language might be connected.

Material culture such as posessions or works created by an individual may be significant. These might include foodstuffs, clothing, buildings, vehicles, communication technology, industrial technology, or other artifacts.

• Links to other sites:
• "The 100: A Ranking of the Most Influential Persons in History", by Michael H. Hart.
• Biography.com
• Biographical dictionary

Anthropology

Some particular groups may also be useful. Human geography including European geography, Asian geography including Southwest Asia, African geography including North African geography, North American geography, South American geograpy, and Oceanic geography will be useful. Human ecology including influence of the environment, relations with other life forms, and influence on the environment may also describe a person's interactions with nature. Physical anthropology including human origins, racial variation, and human dispersion is also not as useful. Demography including population change, populationsize and struct, death, migration, and birth is not as useful. Social foundations including social group behavior, social group types, social control, social interaction, and social presentation describe a person's interactions with other individuals.

Personal studies

Knowledge of psychology is also applicable. Social psychology including social influence, interaction and behavior, attitudes, self perception, and social perception can be consdidered in studies of biography. Personality, mental disorders, developmental psychology, behavioral patterns, mind, and behavioral foundations are probably the most applicable to individual biographies. Information about the human body including form and appearance, life cycle, disease, body function and body systems is applicable to individuals.

Natural Science

Biological events are occasionally significant. biohistory doesn't seem to be very useful. Ecology is sometimes useful Systematics including animals is sometimes useful. Organism biology seems minimally useful. Cell biology and molecular biology are mostly at too small a scale to be very useful. .

Terrestrial events can be connected. Geohistory is not very useful. Physical geography, terrestrial geography and Eurasia can be connected. Studies of atmospheric science including atmospheric structure, weather events, and climate changes may also be useful. Studies of the hydrosphere including oceans, glaciers, groundwater, and freshwater and related processes are also useful. Geologic events do not really include minerals, rocks, landforms, but do include some geologic processes. Interior geology is less significant.

Astronomical events can sometimes be connected. Cosmology and galactic astronomy are too remote and Stellar astronomy is only rarely noticed. Solar system astronomy including studies of the sun, planetary systems, minor bodies, interstellar medium, and solar system history is occasionally useful. There is no attempt to apply astrology. Chemistry and physics are generally at too low a level to be useful to biography.