Christianity


Christianity is one of the important major world religions. Its multiple branches include Roman Catholicism, Protestantism, Orthodoxy, other traditional Christianity, and Mormonism.	Sapience Home Site map About Sapience Institutions Religion Religious Traditions Abrahamic Religion Old Christianity Catholicism Orthodoxy Protestant Mormonism

Christianity is one of the important major world religions. Its multiple branches include Roman Catholicism, Protestantism, Orthodoxy, other traditional Christianity, and Mormonism.

Old Christianity

This includes primitive Christianity before it differentiated into other groups, and no longer exists.

Catholicism

This is closely tied to Western Civilization and is still the largest single body of Christianity. It also includes groups that are considere heresies.

Protestantism

This is not a single denomination, but a highly fragmented and diverse collection of churches and sects that broke away from Roman Catholicism in the modern era.

Orthodoxy

This is not a single denomination, but a somewhat fragmented collection of churches descended from old Christianity, contemporary with Roman Catholicism.

This is a denomination of 19th century origin and controversial status. Mormons claim to be Christian, but their distinctive beliefs derived from additional scripture have led some Protestants to claim that they are not truly Christian, and some scholars to identify them as a possible emerging world religion. I have chosen to classify them as a distinct branch of Christianity.


History Christianity originated in classical and medieval times. It did not exist in early classical times.	Links to other sites: Not yet available
In the late classical period, developed rapidly from the teachings of Jesus, and diverged as it spread. I do not yet have many details of the 1st century CE, 2nd century CE, 3rd century CE, 5th century CE, or 5th century CE. c. 4 BC-33 CE Jesus (of Nazareth, or Jesus Christ) lives and preaches in Judea (Israel), founding Christianity. c. 40-60 CE, Paul, converted from Judaism to Christianity, establishes non-Jewish Christian congregations in Greece and Asia Minor, within the Roman empire. c 300 CE. Constantine adopts Christianity as the state religion of the Roman empire, moves capital to Byzantium/Contantinople/Istanbul, and divides the Empire into Eastern and Western. c. 386 - 430 CE. Augustine converts to Christianity and writes his "Confessions" and "The City of God". In the early medieval period, there was already a noticeable split between Roman Catholicism and Orthodoxy, as well as other fragments of Christianity. c. 522 - 565 CE.Justinian I rules as Byzantine (Eastern roman) Emperor and creates a code of Roman law. c. 768 - 814 CE. Charlemagne conquers much of Western Europe and in 800 CE is crowned as Holy Roman Emperor. By the late medieval period, the division beteen Catholicism and Orthodoxy had become permanent. 1095 CE. Pope Urban II calls the First Crusade, initiating European attempts to control Palestine, then under Muslim rule. c. 1259 - 1272 Thomas Aquinas becomes one of foremost medieval theologians. c. 1455 Gutenberg develops a movable-type printing press and publishes the Bible. 1469 - 1504 CE Isabella I of Castille marries Ferdinand of Aragon and helps unite the two kingdoms to form Spain, complete the reconquest of Spain from Muslim rule, and order the expulsion of Jews and Muslims, and sponsors the voyages of Columbus. In modern times, Christianity has diverged yet further. In the 16th century, the Protestant reformation split Protestantism from Roman Catholicism, while Catholicism was spread into the Americas and other regions. c. 1480 - 1519 Leonardo da Vinci creates and imagines works of art, scupture, and engineering. 1497 - 1547 Michelangelo creates artistic works in poetry, painting, sculpture, and architecture. Most of these have religious themes. 1517 Luther's criticism of Catholic practice began the Protestant Reformation. Luther translated the Bible into German and is considered founder of the Lutheran church. 1519 - 1523.Cortés led the Spanish conquest of the Aztec empire of Mexico. c. 1528 - 1541 Pizarro led Spanish conquest and colonization of the Inca empire (South America) 1536 - 1560, Calvin became a leading figure in the Protestant reformation. 1558 - 1603. Queen Elizabeth I of England supported Protestantism and competition with Spain. In the 17th century, there were continued conflicts between Protestantism and Catholicism. c 1600-1700 CE English begin colonization of North America. In the 18th century Christianity continued to develop. 1703-1744. Bach composes music which is noted for its quality. In the 19th century, increasing secularism posed a challenge to Christianity. I do not have specific details for the early 19th century, but in the early-mid 19th century, Mormonism originated. I also lack detail on the mid 19th century, late-mid 19th century, and late 19th century. Developments in the 20th century, including the early 20th century, early-mid 20th century, mid 20th century, and late-mid 20th century are being examined. The late 20th century including the early 1980s, late 1980s, early 1990s, and late 1990s can be examined. Events of the early 21st century, including relationships between Catholics, Protestants, Orthodox, and Mormons, including the early 2000s can be examined. Details of 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004, and 2005 are not yet connected. The late 2000s including 2006, 2007, and 2008, 2009, and 2010 can be considered. The early 2010s can be connected. 2011 can be connected. The first quarter 2011 can be connected. January 2011 can be connected. 2011 week 1 1 January 2011 A bomb exploded outside a Coptic church in Alexandria, Egypt, killing at least 21 people and wounding 97 more; street disturbances between Christians and Muslims ensued. 2011 week 2, 2011 week 3, 2011 week 4, 2011 week 5, and 2011 week 6 can be connected. February 2011 can be connected. March 2011 can be connected. The future of Christianity has not yet been examined. . Sociology It is present to some degree in most peoples of the world. Particular nations including Colombia, South Africa Argentina, Spain, Sudan, Tanzania, Poland, Kenya, Morocco, Algeria Canada, Afghanistan, Uganda, Nepal, Peru, Uzbekistan, Iraq, Saudi Arabia Venezuela, Malaysia, North Korea, Ghana will be examined as this site develops. It is principally associated with Western civilization as in Ukraine. Among Anglic peoples, it is prominent in United Kingdom. Anglo-American peoples including those of the United States can be connected. Among Latin peoples it is prominent in Italy. French peoples including those of France can be connected. Hispanic peoples including those of Mexico can be connected. Lusitanic peoples including those of Brazil can be connected. Germanic peoples including those of Germany can be connected. Northeast European peoples including those of Russia can be connected. Among Asiatic peoples it seems less directly significant. Burma can be connected. It originated among Middle Eastern peoples. Iran can be connected. Turkey can be connected. Egypt has a long association. Among South Asian peoples such as Bangladesh it has not made much progress. India can be connected. Pakistan can be connected. In Oriental peoples such as South Korea it has also not made much progress. China can be connected. Japan can be connected. It is not prevalent in Southeast Asian peoples including those of Thailand. Peoples of mainland Southeast Asia including those of Vietnam can be connected. Peoples of the Southeast Asian Archipelagoes including the Philippines can be connected. Indonesia can be connected. Central Asian peoples including those of China and Russia can be considered. African peoples such as those of Congo DR can be connected. Eastern African peoples such as those of Ethiopia can be connected. Western African peoples such as those of Nigeria can be connected. American Indian peoples found in Mexico are less directly significant. Middle American Indian peoples such as those of the United States can be connected. North American Indian peoples such as those of the United States can be connected. South American Indian peoples such as those of Brazil can be connected. Communities can be connected. Social structure and change including social structure and social types are significant. Social change including social change processes and social change factors can be connected. Particular changes and movements including the agricultural revolution, agrarian revolution, and industrial revolution can be connected. Other institutions Particular beliefs and practice can be considered. Other Religion can be connected. This shares important historical roots with other Abrahamic religion including Judaism and Islam. There connections with pagan religion, Asiatic religion, and secularism. Organization including highly structured, fragmented, and loosely structured organization can be connected. Practice can be connected. This has had various relationships with government including law, government activity and structure, and particular governments. Economics including economic activities, industries, and economic systems can be connected. Education including schools, educational organization, cultural institutions, teaching, and research can be connected. Families including particular families, kinship, parenting, and marriage can be connected. Culture Behavioral culture including customs, occupations, recreation and entertainment, and cultural events will be useful. Conceptual culture including philosophy, applied science, mathematics, literature, graphic arts, and language can be connected. Material culture including miscellaneous artifacts, communications technology, transportation technology, clothing and dress, foodstuffs, bulding technology, and industrial technology can be connected. Anthropology including social foundations, demography, Physical anthropology, human ecology, and human geography will be useful. Particular groups can be connected. There are strong connections to personal studies including the human body, psychology, and biography. Science including biology, earth science, astronomy, chemistry, and physics can be connected.

History

Christianity originated in classical and medieval times. It did not exist in early classical times.

Links to other sites: Not yet available

In the late classical period, developed rapidly from the teachings of Jesus, and diverged as it spread. I do not yet have many details of the 1st century CE, 2nd century CE, 3rd century CE, 5th century CE, or 5th century CE.

c. 4 BC-33 CE Jesus (of Nazareth, or Jesus Christ) lives and preaches in Judea (Israel), founding Christianity.
c. 40-60 CE, Paul, converted from Judaism to Christianity, establishes non-Jewish Christian congregations in Greece and Asia Minor, within the Roman empire.
c 300 CE. Constantine adopts Christianity as the state religion of the Roman empire, moves capital to Byzantium/Contantinople/Istanbul, and divides the Empire into Eastern and Western.
c. 386 - 430 CE. Augustine converts to Christianity and writes his "Confessions" and "The City of God".

In the early medieval period, there was already a noticeable split between Roman Catholicism and Orthodoxy, as well as other fragments of Christianity.

c. 522 - 565 CE.Justinian I rules as Byzantine (Eastern roman) Emperor and creates a code of Roman law.
c. 768 - 814 CE. Charlemagne conquers much of Western Europe and in 800 CE is crowned as Holy Roman Emperor.

By the late medieval period, the division beteen Catholicism and Orthodoxy had become permanent.

1095 CE. Pope Urban II calls the First Crusade, initiating European attempts to control Palestine, then under Muslim rule.
c. 1259 - 1272 Thomas Aquinas becomes one of foremost medieval theologians.
c. 1455 Gutenberg develops a movable-type printing press and publishes the Bible.
1469 - 1504 CE Isabella I of Castille marries Ferdinand of Aragon and helps unite the two kingdoms to form Spain, complete the reconquest of Spain from Muslim rule, and order the expulsion of Jews and Muslims, and sponsors the voyages of Columbus.

In modern times, Christianity has diverged yet further. In the 16th century, the Protestant reformation split Protestantism from Roman Catholicism, while Catholicism was spread into the Americas and other regions.

c. 1480 - 1519 Leonardo da Vinci creates and imagines works of art, scupture, and engineering.
1497 - 1547 Michelangelo creates artistic works in poetry, painting, sculpture, and architecture. Most of these have religious themes.
1517 Luther's criticism of Catholic practice began the Protestant Reformation. Luther translated the Bible into German and is considered founder of the Lutheran church.
1519 - 1523.Cortés led the Spanish conquest of the Aztec empire of Mexico.
c. 1528 - 1541 Pizarro led Spanish conquest and colonization of the Inca empire (South America)
1536 - 1560, Calvin became a leading figure in the Protestant reformation.
1558 - 1603. Queen Elizabeth I of England supported Protestantism and competition with Spain.

In the 17th century, there were continued conflicts between Protestantism and Catholicism.

c 1600-1700 CE English begin colonization of North America.

In the 18th century Christianity continued to develop.

1703-1744. Bach composes music which is noted for its quality.

In the 19th century, increasing secularism posed a challenge to Christianity. I do not have specific details for the early 19th century, but in the early-mid 19th century, Mormonism originated. I also lack detail on the mid 19th century, late-mid 19th century, and late 19th century.

Developments in the 20th century, including the early 20th century, early-mid 20th century, mid 20th century, and late-mid 20th century are being examined. The late 20th century including the early 1980s, late 1980s, early 1990s, and late 1990s can be examined. Events of the early 21st century, including relationships between Catholics, Protestants, Orthodox, and Mormons, including the early 2000s can be examined. Details of 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004, and 2005 are not yet connected. The late 2000s including 2006, 2007, and 2008, 2009, and 2010 can be considered. The early 2010s can be connected. 2011 can be connected. The first quarter 2011 can be connected. January 2011 can be connected. 2011 week 1

1 January 2011 A bomb exploded outside a Coptic church in Alexandria, Egypt, killing at least 21 people and wounding 97 more; street disturbances between Christians and Muslims ensued.

2011 week 2, 2011 week 3, 2011 week 4, 2011 week 5, and 2011 week 6 can be connected. February 2011 can be connected. March 2011 can be connected.

The future of Christianity has not yet been examined. .

Sociology

It is present to some degree in most peoples of the world. Particular nations including Colombia, South Africa Argentina, Spain, Sudan, Tanzania, Poland, Kenya, Morocco, Algeria Canada, Afghanistan, Uganda, Nepal, Peru, Uzbekistan, Iraq, Saudi Arabia Venezuela, Malaysia, North Korea, Ghana will be examined as this site develops.

It is principally associated with Western civilization as in Ukraine. Among Anglic peoples, it is prominent in United Kingdom. Anglo-American peoples including those of the United States can be connected. Among Latin peoples it is prominent in Italy. French peoples including those of France can be connected. Hispanic peoples including those of Mexico can be connected. Lusitanic peoples including those of Brazil can be connected. Germanic peoples including those of Germany can be connected. Northeast European peoples including those of Russia can be connected.

Among Asiatic peoples it seems less directly significant. Burma can be connected. It originated among Middle Eastern peoples. Iran can be connected. Turkey can be connected. Egypt has a long association. Among South Asian peoples such as Bangladesh it has not made much progress. India can be connected. Pakistan can be connected. In Oriental peoples such as South Korea it has also not made much progress. China can be connected. Japan can be connected. It is not prevalent in Southeast Asian peoples including those of Thailand. Peoples of mainland Southeast Asia including those of Vietnam can be connected. Peoples of the Southeast Asian Archipelagoes including the Philippines can be connected. Indonesia can be connected. Central Asian peoples including those of China and Russia can be considered.

African peoples such as those of Congo DR can be connected. Eastern African peoples such as those of Ethiopia can be connected. Western African peoples such as those of Nigeria can be connected.

American Indian peoples found in Mexico are less directly significant. Middle American Indian peoples such as those of the United States can be connected. North American Indian peoples such as those of the United States can be connected. South American Indian peoples such as those of Brazil can be connected.

Communities can be connected.

Social structure and change including social structure and social types are significant. Social change including social change processes and social change factors can be connected. Particular changes and movements including the agricultural revolution, agrarian revolution, and industrial revolution can be connected.

Other institutions

Particular beliefs and practice can be considered. Other Religion can be connected. This shares important historical roots with other Abrahamic religion including Judaism and Islam. There connections with pagan religion, Asiatic religion, and secularism. Organization including highly structured, fragmented, and loosely structured organization can be connected. Practice can be connected.

This has had various relationships with government including law, government activity and structure, and particular governments. Economics including economic activities, industries, and economic systems can be connected. Education including schools, educational organization, cultural institutions, teaching, and research can be connected. Families including particular families, kinship, parenting, and marriage can be connected.

Culture

Behavioral culture including customs, occupations, recreation and entertainment, and cultural events will be useful. Conceptual culture including philosophy, applied science, mathematics, literature, graphic arts, and language can be connected. Material culture including miscellaneous artifacts, communications technology, transportation technology, clothing and dress, foodstuffs, bulding technology, and industrial technology can be connected.

Anthropology including social foundations, demography, Physical anthropology, human ecology, and human geography will be useful. Particular groups can be connected.

There are strong connections to personal studies including the human body, psychology, and biography. Science including biology, earth science, astronomy, chemistry, and physics can be connected.