Christianity


Christianity is one of the important major world religions. Its multiple branches include Roman Catholicism, Protestantism, Orthodoxy, other traditional Christianity, and Mormonism.	Sapience Home Site map About Sapience Institutions Religion Religious Traditions Abrahamic Religion Catholicism Protestant Orthodoxy Other traditional Christianity Mormonism

Christianity is one of the important major world religions. Its multiple branches include Roman Catholicism, Protestantism, Orthodoxy, other traditional Christianity, and Mormonism.

Catholicism

This is closely tied to Western Civilization and is still the largest single body of Christianity.

Protestantism

This is not a single denomination, but a highly fragmented and diverse collection of churches and sects that broke away from Roman Catholicism in the modern era.

Orthodoxy

This is not a single denomination, but a somewhat fragmented collection of churches descended from primitive Christianity, contemporary with Roman Catholicism.

This is a collection of older groups which do not belong to any of the major divisions. It includes both primitive Christianity before it differentiated into other groups, and various groups which have been called heresies.

Mormonism

This is a denomination of 19th century origin and controversial status. Mormons claim to be Christian, but their distinctive beliefs derived from additional scripture have led some Protestants to claim that they are not truly Christian, and some scholars to identify them as a possible emerging world religion. I have chosen to classify them as a distinct branch of Christianity.


This will be connected to science as the site develops. There are strong connections to personal studies including the human body, psychology, and biography. Anthropology including social foundations, demography, Physical anthropology, human ecology, human geography, and particular groups will be useful. Connections with culture including material culture, and conceptual culture are also significant. Behavioral culture including customs, occupations, recreation and entertainment, and cultural events will be useful.	Links to other sites: Not yet available
Other institutions including families and education can be connected. Economics including economic activities, industries, and economic systems can be connected. This has had various relationships with government including law, government activity and structure, and particular governments. Particular beliefs, practice, and organization can be considered. This shares important historical roots with other Abrahamic religion, and has connections with Asiatic religion, secularism, and pagan religion. Sociology Social structure and change including social structure, social types, and social change, and communities are significant. It is present to some degree in most peoples of the world. Particular nations including Pakistan, Bangladesh, Russia, Nigeria, Japan, Mexico, Philippines will be examined as this site develops. It is principally associated with Western civilization as in Brazil. Among Anglic peoples, it is prominent in the United States. Among Asiatic peoples it seems less directly significant. Indonesia is being connected. Among South Asian peoples such as India it has not made much progress. In Oriental peoples such as China it has also not made much progress. African, or American Indian peoples found in the United States and Brazilare less directly significant. History Christianity originated in classical and medieval times. It did not exist in early classical times, but in the late classical period, developed rapidly from the teachings of Jesus, and diverged as it spread. c. 4 BC-33 CE Jesus (of Nazareth, or Jesus Christ) lives and preaches in Judea (Israel), founding Christianity. c. 40-60 CE, Paul, converted from Judaism to Christianity, establishes non-Jewish Christian congregations in Greece and Asia Minor, within the Roman empire. c 300 CE. Constantine adopts Christianity as the state religion of the Roman empire, moves capital to Byzantium/Contantinople/Istanbul, and divides the Empire into Eastern and Western. c. 386 - 430 CE. Augustine converts to Christianity and writes his "Confessions" and "The City of God". In the early medieval period, there was already a noticeable split between Roman Catholicism and Orthodoxy, as well as other fragments of Christianity. c. 522 - 565 CE.Justinian I rules as Byzantine (Eastern roman) Emperor and creates a code of Roman law. c. 768 - 814 CE. Charlemagne conquers much of Western Europe and in 800 CE is crowned as Holy Roman Emperor. By the late medieval period, the division beteen Catholicism and Orthodoxy had become permanent. 1095 CE. Pope Urban II calls the First Crusade, initiating European attempts to control Palestine, then under Muslim rule. c. 1259 - 1272 Thomas Aquinas becomes one of foremost medieval theologians. c. 1455 Gutenberg develops a movable-type printing press and publishes the Bible. 1469 - 1504 CE Isabella I of Castille marries Ferdinand of Aragon and helps unite the two kingdoms to form Spain, complete the reconquest of Spain from Muslim rule, and order the expulsion of Jews and Muslims, and sponsors the voyages of Columbus. In modern times, Christianity has diverged yet further. In the 16th century, the Protestant reformation split Protestantism from Roman Catholicism, while Catholicism was spread into the Americas and other regions. c. 1480 - 1519 Leonardo da Vinci creates and imagines works of art, scupture, and engineering. 1497 - 1547 Michelangelo creates artistic works in poetry, painting, sculpture, and architecture. Most of these have religious themes. 1517 Luther's criticism of Catholic practice began the Protestant Reformation. Luther translated the Bible into German and is considered founder of the Lutheran church. 1519 - 1523.Cortés led the Spanish conquest of the Aztec empire of Mexico. c. 1528 - 1541 Pizarro led Spanish conquest and colonization of the Inca empire (South America) 1536 - 1560, Calvin became a leading figure in the Protestant reformation. 1558 - 1603. Queen Elizabeth I of England supported Protestantism and competition with Spain. In the 17th century, there were continued conflicts between Protestantism and Catholicism. c 1600-1700 CE English begin colonization of North America. In the 18th century Christianity continued to develop. 1703-1744. Bach composes music which is noted for its quality. In the 19th century, increasing secularism posed a challenge to Christianity. I do not have specific details for the early 19th century, but in the early-mid 19th century, Mormonism originated. I also lack detail on the mid 19th century, late-mid 19th century, and late 19th century. Developments in the 20th century, including the early 20th century, early-mid 20th century, mid 20th century, and late-mid 20th century are being examined. The late 20th century including the early 1980s, late 1980s, early 1990s, and late 1990s can be examined. Events of the early 21st century, including relationships between Catholics, Protestants, Orthodox, and Mormons, including the early 2000s can be examined. Details of 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004, and 2005 are not yet connected. The late 2000s including 2006, 2007, and 2008 can be considered. The future of Christianity has not yet been examined. .

This will be connected to science as the site develops. There are strong connections to personal studies including the human body, psychology, and biography.

Anthropology including social foundations, demography, Physical anthropology, human ecology, human geography, and particular groups will be useful.

Connections with culture including material culture, and conceptual culture are also significant. Behavioral culture including customs, occupations, recreation and entertainment, and cultural events will be useful.

Links to other sites: Not yet available

Other institutions including families and education can be connected. Economics including economic activities, industries, and economic systems can be connected. This has had various relationships with government including law, government activity and structure, and particular governments. Particular beliefs, practice, and organization can be considered. This shares important historical roots with other Abrahamic religion, and has connections with Asiatic religion, secularism, and pagan religion.

Sociology

Social structure and change including social structure, social types, and social change, and communities are significant. It is present to some degree in most peoples of the world. Particular nations including Pakistan, Bangladesh, Russia, Nigeria, Japan, Mexico, Philippines will be examined as this site develops. It is principally associated with Western civilization as in Brazil. Among Anglic peoples, it is prominent in the United States. Among Asiatic peoples it seems less directly significant. Indonesia is being connected. Among South Asian peoples such as India it has not made much progress. In Oriental peoples such as China it has also not made much progress. African, or American Indian peoples found in the United States and Brazilare less directly significant.

History

Christianity originated in classical and medieval times. It did not exist in early classical times, but in the late classical period, developed rapidly from the teachings of Jesus, and diverged as it spread.

c. 4 BC-33 CE Jesus (of Nazareth, or Jesus Christ) lives and preaches in Judea (Israel), founding Christianity.
c. 40-60 CE, Paul, converted from Judaism to Christianity, establishes non-Jewish Christian congregations in Greece and Asia Minor, within the Roman empire.
c 300 CE. Constantine adopts Christianity as the state religion of the Roman empire, moves capital to Byzantium/Contantinople/Istanbul, and divides the Empire into Eastern and Western.
c. 386 - 430 CE. Augustine converts to Christianity and writes his "Confessions" and "The City of God".

In the early medieval period, there was already a noticeable split between Roman Catholicism and Orthodoxy, as well as other fragments of Christianity.

c. 522 - 565 CE.Justinian I rules as Byzantine (Eastern roman) Emperor and creates a code of Roman law.
c. 768 - 814 CE. Charlemagne conquers much of Western Europe and in 800 CE is crowned as Holy Roman Emperor.

By the late medieval period, the division beteen Catholicism and Orthodoxy had become permanent.

1095 CE. Pope Urban II calls the First Crusade, initiating European attempts to control Palestine, then under Muslim rule.
c. 1259 - 1272 Thomas Aquinas becomes one of foremost medieval theologians.
c. 1455 Gutenberg develops a movable-type printing press and publishes the Bible.
1469 - 1504 CE Isabella I of Castille marries Ferdinand of Aragon and helps unite the two kingdoms to form Spain, complete the reconquest of Spain from Muslim rule, and order the expulsion of Jews and Muslims, and sponsors the voyages of Columbus.

In modern times, Christianity has diverged yet further. In the 16th century, the Protestant reformation split Protestantism from Roman Catholicism, while Catholicism was spread into the Americas and other regions.

c. 1480 - 1519 Leonardo da Vinci creates and imagines works of art, scupture, and engineering.
1497 - 1547 Michelangelo creates artistic works in poetry, painting, sculpture, and architecture. Most of these have religious themes.
1517 Luther's criticism of Catholic practice began the Protestant Reformation. Luther translated the Bible into German and is considered founder of the Lutheran church.
1519 - 1523.Cortés led the Spanish conquest of the Aztec empire of Mexico.
c. 1528 - 1541 Pizarro led Spanish conquest and colonization of the Inca empire (South America)
1536 - 1560, Calvin became a leading figure in the Protestant reformation.
1558 - 1603. Queen Elizabeth I of England supported Protestantism and competition with Spain.

In the 17th century, there were continued conflicts between Protestantism and Catholicism.

c 1600-1700 CE English begin colonization of North America.

In the 18th century Christianity continued to develop.

1703-1744. Bach composes music which is noted for its quality.

In the 19th century, increasing secularism posed a challenge to Christianity. I do not have specific details for the early 19th century, but in the early-mid 19th century, Mormonism originated. I also lack detail on the mid 19th century, late-mid 19th century, and late 19th century. Developments in the 20th century, including the early 20th century, early-mid 20th century, mid 20th century, and late-mid 20th century are being examined. The late 20th century including the early 1980s, late 1980s, early 1990s, and late 1990s can be examined. Events of the early 21st century, including relationships between Catholics, Protestants, Orthodox, and Mormons, including the early 2000s can be examined. Details of 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004, and 2005 are not yet connected. The late 2000s including 2006, 2007, and 2008 can be considered. The future of Christianity has not yet been examined. .