Succession


I can think of four different categories of political succession. These include inheritance, election, appointment, and siezure. These are not subject to a precise definition, abut can be identified.	Sapience Home Site map About Sapience Institutions Government Government Activity Appointment Seizure

I can think of four different categories of political succession. These include inheritance, election, appointment, and siezure. These are not subject to a precise definition, abut can be identified.

Election

Government leaders assume power or office when elected. This depends heavily on the composition of the electorate, or who is deemed eligible to vote.

1980 Reagan elected as 40th US President.

1981 Mitterand, leader of a Socialist-Communist coalition, is elected President of France, defeating Chirac.

1984 Reagan reelected as US President.

1985 Gorbachev becomes leader of USSR.

1986 Mitterand loses Parliamentary majority in French National Assembly and Chirac becomes Prime minister for two years.

1988 George H.W. Bush elected as 41st US President. 1988 Mitterand reelected as President of France.

1990 Major succeeds Thatcher as Prime Minister of the United Kingdom.

1992 Bill Clinton is elected as 42nd President of the United States.

1995 Chirac is elected as President of France.

1996 Bill Clinton is elected for a second term as President of the United States.

1997 Labour party takes power in United Kingdom. Blair becomes Prime Minister.

1998 Vajpayee becomes Prime Minister of India.

1998 Schroeder is elected Chancellor of Germany.

2000 Putin is chosen as President of the Russian Federation in a national election.

2000 George W. Bush is elected President of US. by an extremely narrow margin.

2001 In British Elections, the Labour party is again victorious and Blair continues as Prime Minister.

2002 Chirac reelected as President of France.

2002 Schroeder reelected as Chancellor of Germany. 2002 Chirac reelected as President of France.

2002 Schroeder reelected as Chancellor of Germany.

2003. Hu Jintao becomes President of China.

Inheritance

Government leaders assume power or office when the previous leader dies, according to established rules. These may or may not be related.

Appointment

Government leaders are appointed by some superior official.

1999 Boris Yeltsin resigns as President of the Russian Federation and names Vladimir Putin to succeed him.

Siezure

A government leader who would not otherwise be eligible siezes power through conquest, coup, or some other means contrary to law or established custom.

1991 An attempt to remove Gorbachev leads to the breakup of USSR and the end of Cold War.


Specific connections to science, personal studies, and anthropology will be explored as this site develops. Culture including material culture, conceptual culture, and behavioral culture will be useful. This is connected to families, education, economics, other areas of government, and religion.	Links to other sites: Not yet developed.
Sociology is also useful. Social structure and change is related to this subject. Communities including Tokyo, Seoul, Mexico City, and New York City provide specific examples. Peoples including nations, Asiatic peoples, Western civilization, African peoples, and American Indian peoples demontrate examples. Nations including the United States, China, India, and Indonesia can be connected. Government succession has a long history. Its origins in prehistory are obscure, but it can be followed through antiquity and classical and medieval history. Developments of modern history including the 16th century, 17th century, 18th century, 19th century, and 20th century can be examined. The 20th century including the early 20th century, early-mid 20th century, mid 20th century, late-mid 20th century, late 20th century, and early 21st century can be examined. The future is obscure.

Specific connections to science, personal studies, and anthropology will be explored as this site develops.

Culture including material culture, conceptual culture, and behavioral culture will be useful.

This is connected to families, education, economics, other areas of government, and religion.

Links to other sites: Not yet developed.

Sociology is also useful. Social structure and change is related to this subject. Communities including Tokyo, Seoul, Mexico City, and New York City provide specific examples. Peoples including nations, Asiatic peoples, Western civilization, African peoples, and American Indian peoples demontrate examples. Nations including the United States, China, India, and Indonesia can be connected.

Government succession has a long history. Its origins in prehistory are obscure, but it can be followed through antiquity and classical and medieval history. Developments of modern history including the 16th century, 17th century, 18th century, 19th century, and 20th century can be examined. The 20th century including the early 20th century, early-mid 20th century, mid 20th century, late-mid 20th century, late 20th century, and early 21st century can be examined. The future is obscure.