Law


This includes four major sections: Tribal law and custom, Asian law, Western Law, and International law	Sapience Home Site Map About Sapience Institutions Government Tribal Law Asiatic Law Western Law International Law

This includes four major sections: Tribal law and custom, Asian law, Western Law, and International law

Tribal law

This includes custom and traditional law.

Asiatic law

This includes Ancient Eastern law, Jewish law, Islamic law, Indian legal tradition, and Oriental law.

Western law

This includes modern systems of Roman law, canon law, English law, Napoleonic law, and Russian law.

International law

This includes custom and traditional law.


Applications of science will be developed as the site expands. Physics, chemistry, astronomy, earth science, and biology seem to have little direct influence. Personal studies are largely indirectly important to law. The human body appears to be less significant than psychology, which is less than the role of biography. Applications of anthropology, including social foundations, demography, physical anthropology, human ecology, human geography, and particular groups are especially significant.
Applications of culture, including material culture; conceptual culture including language, applied science, mathematics, literature, graphics, and philosophy, and to behavioral culture including customs, peforming arts, sports and games, occupations, and events, will all be significant. Other Institutions Families including marriage, parenting, kinship, and particular families may have in influence on law. Education including research, teaching, cultural institutions, educational organization, and particular schools can be connected. Economics including industries, economic activities, economic systems, and particular companies will be useful. Law will be considered using information from government activities, government structure, and particular governments. Religion has an influence on law. Religious belief, practice, and organization have had some influence. Particular traditions including Abrahamic religion have had an important influence, as have asiatic religion, secularism, and pagan religions among their respective peoples. Sociology This will be connected to social structure and change including social structure, social types, and social change. Communities including Tokyo, Seoul, Mexico City, and New York City can be connected. Examples will be taken from peoples of the world, Many are connected to particular national governments including those of Pakistan, Bangladesh,, Russia, Nigeria, Japan, Mexico, and the Philippines. The law and legal traditions are taken primarily from Western civilization such as the Brazil. Anglic peoples such as those of the United States can be considered. Law and legal traditions can be examined using Asiatic peoples including Indonesia. South Asian peoples including those of India illustrate some aspects of law, Oriental peoples such as those of China do also. African peoples, and American Indian examples as found in nations such as the United States and Brazil. History Some events from the history of law are included here. Prehistory is inaccessible, but events from antiquity can be identified. In classical and medieval history, during early classical times Roman law began to develop. In late classical times, it continued to develop, and in early medieval times, it was modified in Europe. Islamic law came into existence. In late medieval times, English Common law began to develop, and Islamic law also. Developments during modern history will also be considered. I have little specific information for the 16th century or 17th century. For the 18th century, I do not yet have details of the early 18th century, early mid 18th century, mid 18th century, late mid 18th century, or late 18th century. For the 19th century I lack details of the early 19th century, early mid 19th century, mid 19th century, late mid 19th century, and late 19th century. The chief developments of 20th century law seem to be that it has become increasingly complicated. Details of the early 20th century, early-mid 20th century, mid 20th century, and late-mid 20th century are not yet present. The late 20th century including the early 1980s, late 1980s, early 1990s, and late 1990s can be considered. Details of early 21st century law including the early 2000s and late 2000s down to 2006 and 2007 including the first quarter, 2nd quarter, 3rd quarter including July, August, and September and 4th quarter down to October, November, and December are lacking. The future is obscure. Antiquity c. 1400 - 1200 BC. Moses credited as Israelite lawgiver. Classical and medieval c. 32 BC - 14 CE Augustus rules as first Roman Emperor. c 300 CE. Constantine adopts Christianity as the state religion of the Roman empire, moves capital to Byzantium/Contantinople/Istanbul, and divides the Empire into Eastern and Western. c 610-630 CE Mohammed preaches in Arabia, founding Islam, and begins spreading his faith by military conquest. 634 - 644 CE Umar I, second caliph, leads Muslims to conquer Syria and Mesopotamia and begins conquest of Egypt and Syria. His rules for administration of conquered territories serve as the basis for administrative and legal structure of the Islamic empire. c. 800 CE Charlemagne crowned as "Holy Roman Emperor" 1066 CE William the Conqueror leads the Norman conquest of England. 1469 - 1504 CE Isabella I of Castille marries Ferdinand of Aragon and helps unite the two kingdoms to form Spain, complete the reconquest of Spain from Muslim rule, and order the expulsion of Jews and Muslims, and sponsors the voyages of Columbus. Modern 1519 - 1523.Cortés leads the Spanish conquest of the Aztec empire of Mexico. c. 1528 - 1541 Pizarro leads Spanish conquest and colonization of the Inca empire (South America) 1524 da Gama makes a third voyage to India in order to expand the Portuguese trading presence there. c 1600-1700 CE English begin colonization of North America. 1789 CE. French Revolution. 1787 - 1798 US Constitutional convention and presidency of Washington. The constitution forbids the federal government from establishing a state church or prohibiting free exercise of religion. 1701-1721. Peter the Great proclaims himself as tsar of Russia and pursues a modernization and expansion program intended to make Russia a major European and Asian power. 1789 CE. French Revolution. 1799-1815. Napoleon attempts to conquer Europe and is defeated. c 1821 - 1829 Spanish colonies in South America under Bolivar and others achieve independence but break up into separate nations. c. 1861-1865 American Civil War (War between the States). c. 1867 Marx publishes "Das Kapital" c. 1880 CE Africa is partitioned among European colonial powers. 1917 CE. Lenin leads a revolution that overthrows the Russian monarchy, takes control of the Russian Empire, renaming it the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, and adapts Marxism to be the state-approved ideology. c. 1928 Stalin orders massive forced transformation of Russian society. 1932 Roosevelt is elected as US President and begins establishment of numerous welfare and relief programs to combat the depression. 1949 Mao defeats Nationalist forces and becomes dictator of the Peoples Republic of China as a Communist state allied with the USSR. c. 1960s. Independence granted to numerous African nations.

Applications of science will be developed as the site expands. Physics, chemistry, astronomy, earth science, and biology seem to have little direct influence.

Personal studies are largely indirectly important to law. The human body appears to be less significant than psychology, which is less than the role of biography.

Applications of anthropology, including social foundations, demography, physical anthropology, human ecology, human geography, and particular groups are especially significant.

Applications of culture, including material culture; conceptual culture including language, applied science, mathematics, literature, graphics, and philosophy, and to behavioral culture including customs, peforming arts, sports and games, occupations, and events, will all be significant.

Other Institutions

Families including marriage, parenting, kinship, and particular families may have in influence on law. Education including research, teaching, cultural institutions, educational organization, and particular schools can be connected. Economics including industries, economic activities, economic systems, and particular companies will be useful. Law will be considered using information from government activities, government structure, and particular governments. Religion has an influence on law. Religious belief, practice, and organization have had some influence. Particular traditions including Abrahamic religion have had an important influence, as have asiatic religion, secularism, and pagan religions among their respective peoples.

Sociology

This will be connected to social structure and change including social structure, social types, and social change. Communities including Tokyo, Seoul, Mexico City, and New York City can be connected. Examples will be taken from peoples of the world, Many are connected to particular national governments including those of Pakistan, Bangladesh,, Russia, Nigeria, Japan, Mexico, and the Philippines. The law and legal traditions are taken primarily from Western civilization such as the Brazil. Anglic peoples such as those of the United States can be considered. Law and legal traditions can be examined using Asiatic peoples including Indonesia. South Asian peoples including those of India illustrate some aspects of law, Oriental peoples such as those of China do also. African peoples, and American Indian examples as found in nations such as the United States and Brazil.

History

Some events from the history of law are included here. Prehistory is inaccessible, but events from antiquity can be identified. In classical and medieval history, during early classical times Roman law began to develop. In late classical times, it continued to develop, and in early medieval times, it was modified in Europe. Islamic law came into existence. In late medieval times, English Common law began to develop, and Islamic law also. Developments during modern history will also be considered. I have little specific information for the 16th century or 17th century. For the 18th century, I do not yet have details of the early 18th century, early mid 18th century, mid 18th century, late mid 18th century, or late 18th century.

For the 19th century I lack details of the early 19th century, early mid 19th century, mid 19th century, late mid 19th century, and late 19th century.

The chief developments of 20th century law seem to be that it has become increasingly complicated. Details of the early 20th century, early-mid 20th century, mid 20th century, and late-mid 20th century are not yet present. The late 20th century including the early 1980s, late 1980s, early 1990s, and late 1990s can be considered.

Details of early 21st century law including the early 2000s and late 2000s down to 2006 and 2007 including the first quarter, 2nd quarter, 3rd quarter including July, August, and September and 4th quarter down to October, November, and December are lacking. The future is obscure.

Antiquity

c. 1400 - 1200 BC. Moses credited as Israelite lawgiver.

Classical and medieval

c. 32 BC - 14 CE Augustus rules as first Roman Emperor.
c 300 CE. Constantine adopts Christianity as the state religion of the Roman empire, moves capital to Byzantium/Contantinople/Istanbul, and divides the Empire into Eastern and Western.
c 610-630 CE Mohammed preaches in Arabia, founding Islam, and begins spreading his faith by military conquest.
634 - 644 CE Umar I, second caliph, leads Muslims to conquer Syria and Mesopotamia and begins conquest of Egypt and Syria. His rules for administration of conquered territories serve as the basis for administrative and legal structure of the Islamic empire.
c. 800 CE Charlemagne crowned as "Holy Roman Emperor"
1066 CE William the Conqueror leads the Norman conquest of England.
1469 - 1504 CE Isabella I of Castille marries Ferdinand of Aragon and helps unite the two kingdoms to form Spain, complete the reconquest of Spain from Muslim rule, and order the expulsion of Jews and Muslims, and sponsors the voyages of Columbus.

Modern

1519 - 1523.Cortés leads the Spanish conquest of the Aztec empire of Mexico.
c. 1528 - 1541 Pizarro leads Spanish conquest and colonization of the Inca empire (South America)
1524 da Gama makes a third voyage to India in order to expand the Portuguese trading presence there.
c 1600-1700 CE English begin colonization of North America.
1789 CE. French Revolution.
1787 - 1798 US Constitutional convention and presidency of Washington. The constitution forbids the federal government from establishing a state church or prohibiting free exercise of religion.
1701-1721. Peter the Great proclaims himself as tsar of Russia and pursues a modernization and expansion program intended to make Russia a major European and Asian power.
1789 CE. French Revolution.
1799-1815. Napoleon attempts to conquer Europe and is defeated.
c 1821 - 1829 Spanish colonies in South America under Bolivar and others achieve independence but break up into separate nations.
c. 1861-1865 American Civil War (War between the States).
c. 1867 Marx publishes "Das Kapital"
c. 1880 CE Africa is partitioned among European colonial powers.
1917 CE. Lenin leads a revolution that overthrows the Russian monarchy, takes control of the Russian Empire, renaming it the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, and adapts Marxism to be the state-approved ideology.
c. 1928 Stalin orders massive forced transformation of Russian society.
1932 Roosevelt is elected as US President and begins establishment of numerous welfare and relief programs to combat the depression.
1949 Mao defeats Nationalist forces and becomes dictator of the Peoples Republic of China as a Communist state allied with the USSR.
c. 1960s. Independence granted to numerous African nations.