Traditional empires


This includes information on Traditional (that is, land) empires. There have been an uncertain number of these.	Sapience Home Site map About Sapience Institutions Government Particular governments International government

This includes information on Traditional (that is, land) empires. There have been an uncertain number of these.

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c. 550 - 539 BC Cyrus the Great establishes the Persian Empire.
c. 300 BC Alexander conquers Persian empire, including Egypt, Mesopotamia, and reaches India. Alexander's empire did not survive him: it broke up into kindoms controlled by his generals.
c. 221 - 210 BC Shih Huang-Ti creates the first unified Chinese empire.
c 58 - 44 BC Ceasar becomes Roman conquerer of Gaul (approx modern France) , victor in civil war, and dictator.
c. 32 BC - 14 CE Augustus rules as first Roman Emperor.
c 313- 330 CE Constantine adopts Christianity as the state religion of the Roman empire, moves capital to Byzantium/Contantinople/Istanbul, and divides the Empire into Eastern and Western parts
c. 522 - 565 CE.Justinian I rules as Byzantine (Eastern roman) Emperor and creates a code of Roman law.
634 - 644 CE. Umar I, second caliph, leads Muslims to conquer Syria and Mesopotamia and begins conquest of Egypt and Syria. His rules for administration of conquered territories serve as the basis for administrative and legal structure of the Islamic empire.
c. 768 - 814 CE. Charlemagne conquers much of Western Europe and in 800 CE is crowned as Holy Roman Emperor.
1701-1721. Peter the Great proclaims himself as tsar of Russia and pursues a modernization and expansion program intended to make Russia a major European and Asian power.
1799-1815. Napoleon attempts to conquer Europe and is defeated.
1991 Breakup of USSR.


Specific connections to science, personal studies, and anthropology will be explored as this site develops. These are connected to culture including material, conceptual, and behavioral culture. This is connected to families, education, economics, other areas of government, and religion. Connections to sociology including applications and examples in social structure and change and communities will also be explored. Peoples of the world including Asiatic peoples, Western Civilization, African peoples, and American Indian peoples can be connected. Nations including those of the United States, China, India, and Indonesia can be considered.	Links to other sites: Not yet developed.
Traditional empires have a significant history. They appeared in antiquity, and developed in classical and medieval history. In modern times, they began to suffer a decline and were gradually replaced by national governments and colonial empires. These developments can be followed through the 16th century, 17th century, 18th century, 19th century. In the 20th century, especially including the early 20th century, most of these collapsed and were replaced by modernized national governments. In the early-mid 20th century, mid 20th century, late-mid 20th century, late 20th century, and early 21st century the transformation has continued. The future is unclear.

Specific connections to science, personal studies, and anthropology will be explored as this site develops. These are connected to culture including material, conceptual, and behavioral culture. This is connected to families, education, economics, other areas of government, and religion.

Connections to sociology including applications and examples in social structure and change and communities will also be explored. Peoples of the world including Asiatic peoples, Western Civilization, African peoples, and American Indian peoples can be connected. Nations including those of the United States, China, India, and Indonesia can be considered.

Links to other sites: Not yet developed.

Traditional empires have a significant history. They appeared in antiquity, and developed in classical and medieval history. In modern times, they began to suffer a decline and were gradually replaced by national governments and colonial empires. These developments can be followed through the 16th century, 17th century, 18th century, 19th century. In the 20th century, especially including the early 20th century, most of these collapsed and were replaced by modernized national governments. In the early-mid 20th century, mid 20th century, late-mid 20th century, late 20th century, and early 21st century the transformation has continued. The future is unclear.