Government structure


Government structure refers to the organization of government activities, and the bodies that compose a government's structure. These include political parties and interest groups, judicial systems, legislative systems, executive systems, heads of states, and government forms.	Sapience Home Site Map About Sapience Institutions Government Political parties Judicial systems Legislative systems Executive systems Heads of State Government Form

Government structure refers to the organization of government activities, and the bodies that compose a government's structure. These include political parties and interest groups, judicial systems, legislative systems, executive systems, heads of states, and government forms.

Political parties and interests

2001 In British Elections, the Labour party is again victorious and Blair continues as Prime Minister.

Judicial systems

Legislative systems

Executive systems

These include finances, militaries, State and foreign relations, and various others.

Heads of state

No summary is yet provided here.

Government forms

Governments are classified approximately according to their principal component bodies, the sources of political power, and so forth.


Science is at best indirectly connected to government structure. Physics, chemistry, astronomy, earth scienc,e and biology can be connected. Personal studies, including the human body and psychology, are more significant. Biography of individuals will be critical. Anthropology, including social psychology, demography, physical anthropology, human ecology, human geography, and especially particular groups will be significant. Applications of culture, including material and conceptual will all be significant. Behavioral culture including customs, occupations, performing arts, and cultural events will also be useful.
Other Institutions Connections to families including marriage, parenting, kinship, and particular families can be made Education including research, teaching, cultural institutions, educational organizaton, and particular schools can be connected. Connections to economics including industries, economic activity, economic systems, and companies will be developed in due course. This is connected to law and is being developed from a study of government activities and particular governments, including local government, national government, and international government. It is influenced some by religion, including religious belief, practice, organization, and particular traditions including Abrahamic, Asiatic, pagan, and secularist Sociology Government form and structure is connected to social structure and change including social structure, social types, and social change. Communities including Tokyo, Seoul, Mexico City, and New York City will provide examples. Examples will be taken from peoples of the world. Examples will be taken from particular nations also, beginning with Bangladesh, Russia, Nigeria, Japan, Mexico, and the Philippines. Western civilization including Brazil provides examples of government form and structure. Anglic peoples including the United States also subbest some, then latin and germanic, then northeast European, Balkan, and scandinavian peoples. Examples are taken from Asiatic peoples such as those of Pakistan. South Asian peoples such as those of India can be considered. Oriental peoples including those of China can be considered. Southeast Asian peoples such as those of Indonesia can be connected. African and American Indian peoples including those found in the United States and Brazil demonstrate it to a considerably lesser extent. History Prehistory is at present inaccessible, but there are events from antiquity. Details of the 5th millennium BC and 4th millennium BC are difficult to find. In the 3rd millennium BC, the existence of written records is helpful, and in the early 2nd millennium BC, imore information is available. In the early first millennium, there were yet more developments. c. 550 - 539 BC Cyrus the Great establishes the Persian Empire. In classical and medieval time, government structure contiued to evolve. In early classical times, the greeks and Romans were important influences, although the Chinese also a highly strucctured government. In late classical times, the Roman empire ws predominant, In early Medieval times, the Roman governmental structure in Europe broked down, but Byzantine, Islamic, and other governments had well-structured governments. In early medieval times, Europeans began to develop their governmental structures. c. 32 BC - 14 CE Augustus rules as first Roman Emperor. c 313-330 CE. Rule of Constantine c 610-630 CE Mohammed preaches in Arabia, founding Islam, and begins spreading his faith by military conquest. 634 - 644 CE Umar I, second caliph, leads Muslims to conquer Syria and Mesopotamia and begins conquest of Egypt and Syria. His rules for administration of conquered territories serve as the basis for administrative and legal structure of the Islamic empire. c. 800 CE Charlemagne crowned as Holy Roman Emperor. 1066 William the Conqueror leads the Norman conquest of England. 1469 - 1504 CEIsabella I of Castille marries Ferdinand of Aragon and helps unite the two kingdoms to form Spain, complete the reconquest of Spain from Muslim rule, and order the expulsion of Jews and Muslims, and sponsors the voyages of Columbus. Yet more events from modern history have been included. A few events from the 16th century include: 1519 - 1523.Cortés leads the Spanish conquest of the Aztec empire of Mexico. 1524 da Gama makes a third voyage to India in order to expand the Portuguese trading presence there. c. 1528 - 1541 Pizarro leads Spanish conquest and colonization of the Inca empire (South America) A few events from the 17th century include: c 1600-1700 CE English begin colonization of North America. c. 1682 - 1696 Peter the Great rises to power in Russia and becomes sole ruler. 1689 Locke publishes work that is an important influence on later political thought In the 18th century, events of the early 18th century, early mid 18th century, mid 18th century, late mid 18th century, and late 18th century can be connected. A few events from the 18th century include: 1789 CE. French Revolution. 1787 - 1798 US Constitutional convention and presidency of Washington A few events from the 19th century which includes the early 19th century, early-mid 19th century, mid 19th century, late-mid 19th century, and late 19th century include: c 1821 - 1829 Spanish colonies in South America under Bolivar and others achieve independence but break up into separate nations. c. 1867 Marx publishes "Das Kapital" c. 1880 Africa is partitioned among European colonial powers. In the 20th century, government structure continued to evolve. In the early 20th century, changes in technology began to have an influence. c. 1911/12 The Manchu or Ch'ing dynasty of China ends. China is partly governed by an initially Republican but increasingly dictatorial Nationalist party. c. 1915-1918 CE. World War I, the "Great War" changes the modern world. 1917 CE. Lenin leads a revolution that overthrows the Russian monarchy, takes control of the Russian Empire, renaming it the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, and adapts Marxism to be the state-approved ideology. In the early-mid 20th century, there were more developments. c. 1928 Stalin orders massive forced transformation of Russian society. 1932 Roosevelt is elected as US President and begins establishment of numerous welfare and relief programs to combat the depression. c. 1938 - 1945. World War II. Germany under the rule of Hitler and Japan attempt military conquest of Europe and Asia. England, the United States led by Roosevelt, and Russia (the USSR) under Stalin are the chief opponents and combine to defeat Germany and Japan. c. 1938 - c. 1945 Physicists including Einstein warn the United States government of the possibility that Germany could develop nuclear weaponry. Fermi heads the Manhattan project which demonstrates controlled nuclear fission and develops an atomic bomb. In the mid 20th century, World War II and the cold war influenced government structure. c. 1945 - 1953 Stalin establishes USSR as a major world power, acquires nuclear weapons technology, and begins a largely ideological struggle with the United States and allies known as the "Cold War." 1949 Mao defeats Nationalist forces and becomes dictator of the Peoples Republic of China as a Communist state allied with the USSR. In the late-mid 20th century, Cold war developments come to mind. c. 1960s. Independence granted to numerous African nations. At present I lack many details for the late 20th century including the early 1980s, late 1980s, early 1990s, and late 1990s. 1991 Breakup of USSR. . In the early 21st century including the early 2000s and late 2000s and in the specific year 2006 including the first quarter, second quarter, third quarter, and fourth quarter I also lack details. In 2007, I have begun closer examination, but the first quarter and second quarter also lack details. In the third quarter including July, August, and September more details can be examined, and the fourth quarter including October, November, and December also remains to be examined. The future has not yet been carefully examined.

Science is at best indirectly connected to government structure. Physics, chemistry, astronomy, earth scienc,e and biology can be connected. Personal studies, including the human body and psychology, are more significant. Biography of individuals will be critical.

Anthropology, including social psychology, demography, physical anthropology, human ecology, human geography, and especially particular groups will be significant.

Applications of culture, including material and conceptual will all be significant. Behavioral culture including customs, occupations, performing arts, and cultural events will also be useful.

Other Institutions

Connections to families including marriage, parenting, kinship, and particular families can be made Education including research, teaching, cultural institutions, educational organizaton, and particular schools can be connected. Connections to economics including industries, economic activity, economic systems, and companies will be developed in due course. This is connected to law and is being developed from a study of government activities and particular governments, including local government, national government, and international government. It is influenced some by religion, including religious belief, practice, organization, and particular traditions including Abrahamic, Asiatic, pagan, and secularist

Sociology

Government form and structure is connected to social structure and change including social structure, social types, and social change. Communities including Tokyo, Seoul, Mexico City, and New York City will provide examples. Examples will be taken from peoples of the world. Examples will be taken from particular nations also, beginning with Bangladesh, Russia, Nigeria, Japan, Mexico, and the Philippines. Western civilization including Brazil provides examples of government form and structure. Anglic peoples including the United States also subbest some, then latin and germanic, then northeast European, Balkan, and scandinavian peoples. Examples are taken from Asiatic peoples such as those of Pakistan. South Asian peoples such as those of India can be considered. Oriental peoples including those of China can be considered. Southeast Asian peoples such as those of Indonesia can be connected. African and American Indian peoples including those found in the United States and Brazil demonstrate it to a considerably lesser extent.

History

Prehistory is at present inaccessible, but there are events from antiquity. Details of the 5th millennium BC and 4th millennium BC are difficult to find. In the 3rd millennium BC, the existence of written records is helpful, and in the early 2nd millennium BC, imore information is available. In the early first millennium, there were yet more developments.

c. 550 - 539 BC Cyrus the Great establishes the Persian Empire.

In classical and medieval time, government structure contiued to evolve. In early classical times, the greeks and Romans were important influences, although the Chinese also a highly strucctured government. In late classical times, the Roman empire ws predominant, In early Medieval times, the Roman governmental structure in Europe broked down, but Byzantine, Islamic, and other governments had well-structured governments. In early medieval times, Europeans began to develop their governmental structures.

c. 32 BC - 14 CE Augustus rules as first Roman Emperor.
c 313-330 CE. Rule of Constantine
c 610-630 CE Mohammed preaches in Arabia, founding Islam, and begins spreading his faith by military conquest.
634 - 644 CE Umar I, second caliph, leads Muslims to conquer Syria and Mesopotamia and begins conquest of Egypt and Syria. His rules for administration of conquered territories serve as the basis for administrative and legal structure of the Islamic empire.
c. 800 CE Charlemagne crowned as Holy Roman Emperor.
1066 William the Conqueror leads the Norman conquest of England.
1469 - 1504 CEIsabella I of Castille marries Ferdinand of Aragon and helps unite the two kingdoms to form Spain, complete the reconquest of Spain from Muslim rule, and order the expulsion of Jews and Muslims, and sponsors the voyages of Columbus.

Yet more events from modern history have been included.

A few events from the 16th century include:

1519 - 1523.Cortés leads the Spanish conquest of the Aztec empire of Mexico.
1524 da Gama makes a third voyage to India in order to expand the Portuguese trading presence there.
c. 1528 - 1541 Pizarro leads Spanish conquest and colonization of the Inca empire (South America)

A few events from the 17th century include:

c 1600-1700 CE English begin colonization of North America.
c. 1682 - 1696 Peter the Great rises to power in Russia and becomes sole ruler.
1689 Locke publishes work that is an important influence on later political thought

In the 18th century, events of the early 18th century, early mid 18th century, mid 18th century, late mid 18th century, and late 18th century can be connected. A few events from the 18th century include:

1789 CE. French Revolution.
1787 - 1798 US Constitutional convention and presidency of Washington

A few events from the 19th century which includes the early 19th century, early-mid 19th century, mid 19th century, late-mid 19th century, and late 19th century include:

c 1821 - 1829 Spanish colonies in South America under Bolivar and others achieve independence but break up into separate nations.
c. 1867 Marx publishes "Das Kapital"
c. 1880 Africa is partitioned among European colonial powers.

In the 20th century, government structure continued to evolve. In the early 20th century, changes in technology began to have an influence.

c. 1911/12 The Manchu or Ch'ing dynasty of China ends. China is partly governed by an initially Republican but increasingly dictatorial Nationalist party.
c. 1915-1918 CE. World War I, the "Great War" changes the modern world.
1917 CE. Lenin leads a revolution that overthrows the Russian monarchy, takes control of the Russian Empire, renaming it the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, and adapts Marxism to be the state-approved ideology.

In the early-mid 20th century, there were more developments.

c. 1928 Stalin orders massive forced transformation of Russian society.
1932 Roosevelt is elected as US President and begins establishment of numerous welfare and relief programs to combat the depression.
c. 1938 - 1945. World War II. Germany under the rule of Hitler and Japan attempt military conquest of Europe and Asia. England, the United States led by Roosevelt, and Russia (the USSR) under Stalin are the chief opponents and combine to defeat Germany and Japan.
c. 1938 - c. 1945 Physicists including Einstein warn the United States government of the possibility that Germany could develop nuclear weaponry. Fermi heads the Manhattan project which demonstrates controlled nuclear fission and develops an atomic bomb.

In the mid 20th century, World War II and the cold war influenced government structure.

c. 1945 - 1953 Stalin establishes USSR as a major world power, acquires nuclear weapons technology, and begins a largely ideological struggle with the United States and allies known as the "Cold War."
1949 Mao defeats Nationalist forces and becomes dictator of the Peoples Republic of China as a Communist state allied with the USSR.

In the late-mid 20th century, Cold war developments come to mind.

c. 1960s. Independence granted to numerous African nations.

At present I lack many details for the late 20th century including the early 1980s, late 1980s, early 1990s, and late 1990s.

1991 Breakup of USSR. .

In the early 21st century including the early 2000s and late 2000s and in the specific year 2006 including the first quarter, second quarter, third quarter, and fourth quarter I also lack details. In 2007, I have begun closer examination, but the first quarter and second quarter also lack details. In the third quarter including July, August, and September more details can be examined, and the fourth quarter including October, November, and December also remains to be examined.

The future has not yet been carefully examined.