Particular governments


Particular governments are somewhat difficult to identify clearly. The subject includes Imperial and international governments, national governments, and local governments. These are not always clearly distinguishable.	Sapience Home Site Map About Sapience Institutions Government Local Government National Government International Government
At present the material is chiefly historical and limited to founding or other principal events of particular national governments.

Particular governments are somewhat difficult to identify clearly. The subject includes Imperial and international governments, national governments, and local governments. These are not always clearly distinguishable.

At present the material is chiefly historical and limited to founding or other principal events of particular national governments.

Local Governments

These will probably be categorized in much the same way as national governments: Primarily by region or nation, and secondly by form.

National Governments

These are categorized largely by region, as Western, Islamic, Asiatic, and Other governments.

International Governments

These are governments which include multiple peoples and nationalities. Not only strong empires, but weak associations and organizations composed of representatives selected by governments will be included in this category. These can be categorized as traditional empires and modern compacts.


Science including physics, chemistry, astronomy, earth science, and biology is only indirectly important.Personal studies including the human body, psychology, and especially biography is also applicable. Anthropology including social foundations, demography, physical anthropology, human ecology including environmental influnce on peoples, other life forms, and human inflence on the environment, human geography, and particular groups will apply to particular governments.
Culture, including material and conceptual is important to examination of particular governments. Behavioral culture including customs, occupations, performing arts, sports and games, and cultural events is highly significant. Cultural events such as miscellanoeus events, meetings, holidays, and disasters are closely connected. Families including marriage, Parenting, Kinship, and particular families will be considered. Education including research, teaching, cultural institutions, educational organization, and particular schools can be connected. Economics including industries, economic activity, and particular companies is also significant. Economic systems including firms, networks, economic system types, and economic system behavior can be connected. Law including tribal law, Asiatic law, Western law, and international law can be considered. Government activities including administration, succession, and state relations are essential in describing particular governments. Structure including political parties and interests, Judicial systems, legislative bodies, executive departments and ministries, heads of state and government, and government forms are essential in describing particular governments. The religious basis of particular governments can also be discussed. Religious belief and practice have had various influences. Religous organization, including unstructured, fragmented, and highly organized religion is also important. Particular traditions are also influential. Abrahamic religion has been highly important. Christianity including Roman Catholicism, Protestantism, Orthodoxy, Other Christianity, and Mormonism has been significant. Islam and Judaism are useful. Asiatic religion including Zoroastrianism, Manicheanism, Hinduism, Sikhism, Jainism, Buddhism, Confucianism, and Taoism, is also important. Secular and pagan traditions are also significant. Sociology Social structure and change Social structure including anthropological structure, cultural structure, institutional structure, class structure, and community and regional structure will be useful in the analysis of government. Social types including hunting and gathering, horticultural, agrarian, and industrial societies will be important. Social change including social change factors, social change processes, and particular changes will be useful. Particular communities such as Tokyo, Seoul, Mexico City, and New York City may provide examples. Particular peoples are useful in organizing these studies. Nations are more than governments. They include other parts of society and a nation may have had more than one government at different times. Nigeria, Japan, Mexico, and the Philippines provide more examples. Many governments are associated with Western civilization including Russia Many governments are based on Anglic models. Among the Anglo-american peoples, the United States has been most influential, followed by Canada and the British Caribbean. The British have also been important, the Anglo-Australians less so. Latin governments including those of Brazil and Germanic models of government have been less influential, but Northeast Europeans have also been significant. Particular governments of Asiatic peoples [such as those of Bangladesh] provide examples. Middle Eastern, South Asian peoples such as India and Pakistan, Central Asian peoples including some of those now in China ,Oriental peoples including those of China, Japan, and Korea, and Southeast Asian peoples such as those of Indonesia will also be significant. African peoples have also been usefu. American Indian peoples such as are found in the United States and Brazil are also useful. History Traditionally, the history of particular governments is such a large part of history in general that these are often confused. Events of note include the formation, breakup (including conquest), and major changes in the extent of government. The prehistory of government through early prehistory, middle prehistory, and late prehistory is obscure. Minimal attention is given to antiquity at present, though events of the 5th millennium BC, 4th millennium BC, 3rd millennium BC, 2nd millennium BC, and early first millennium BC are significant. More attention is given primarily to classical and medieval governments, including early classical governments, as the Persian, Hellenistic, and Roman empires, late classical governments such as the Roman empire, early medieval governments such as the Byzantine empire, and late medieval governments such as the European states. There is also attention given to modern governments. Strong nation-states became dominant in this period from the 16th and 17th centuries. In the 18th century, strong or absolute monarchies were the rule, at least in Europe, but the United States set new precedents. The early 18th century, early mid 18th century, mid 18th century, late-mid 18th century, and late 18th century can be connected. The 19th century was known for the dominance of the British Empire. The early 19th century, early mid 19th century, mid 19th century, and late mid 19th century are important. In the late 19th century, local and national governments were important. International consisted mostly of the large colonial empires. n the 20th century there were significant changes. In the early 20th century, WWI influenced the formation of the League of Nations. In the early-mid 20th, this failed to prevent WW II, and in the mid 20th, the UN, successor to the League of Nations again proved ineffective in the face of the Cold War. In the late-mid 20th, International government was still less than effective. I do not yet have details of the early 1960s, late 1960s, early 1970s, or late 1970s. I am examining their influence in the late 20th century as well. This includes events of the early 1980s, late 1980s, early 1990s, and late 1990s. Recent and current events of the early 21st century which includes the early 2000s in 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004, 2005, and the late 2000s beginning in 2006 in the 1st, 2nd, 3rd quarter including July, August, and September, and 4th quarter including October, November, and December, and 2007 including the 1st quarter involving January, February, and March, 2nd quarter including April, May, and June, 3rd quarter including July, August, and September, and 4th quarter including October, November, and December are being studied. 2008 can be considered. Their future has not yet been well examined.

Science including physics, chemistry, astronomy, earth science, and biology is only indirectly important.Personal studies including the human body, psychology, and especially biography is also applicable.

Anthropology including social foundations, demography, physical anthropology, human ecology including environmental influnce on peoples, other life forms, and human inflence on the environment, human geography, and particular groups will apply to particular governments.

Culture, including material and conceptual is important to examination of particular governments. Behavioral culture including customs, occupations, performing arts, sports and games, and cultural events is highly significant. Cultural events such as miscellanoeus events, meetings, holidays, and disasters are closely connected.

Families including marriage, Parenting, Kinship, and particular families will be considered. Education including research, teaching, cultural institutions, educational organization, and particular schools can be connected. Economics including industries, economic activity, and particular companies is also significant. Economic systems including firms, networks, economic system types, and economic system behavior can be connected.

Law including tribal law, Asiatic law, Western law, and international law can be considered. Government activities including administration, succession, and state relations are essential in describing particular governments. Structure including political parties and interests, Judicial systems, legislative bodies, executive departments and ministries, heads of state and government, and government forms are essential in describing particular governments.

The religious basis of particular governments can also be discussed. Religious belief and practice have had various influences. Religous organization, including unstructured, fragmented, and highly organized religion is also important. Particular traditions are also influential. Abrahamic religion has been highly important. Christianity including Roman Catholicism, Protestantism, Orthodoxy, Other Christianity, and Mormonism has been significant. Islam and Judaism are useful. Asiatic religion including Zoroastrianism, Manicheanism, Hinduism, Sikhism, Jainism, Buddhism, Confucianism, and Taoism, is also important. Secular and pagan traditions are also significant.

Sociology

Social structure and change

Social structure including anthropological structure, cultural structure, institutional structure, class structure, and community and regional structure will be useful in the analysis of government. Social types including hunting and gathering, horticultural, agrarian, and industrial societies will be important. Social change including social change factors, social change processes, and particular changes will be useful.

Particular communities such as Tokyo, Seoul, Mexico City, and New York City may provide examples.

Particular peoples are useful in organizing these studies. Nations are more than governments. They include other parts of society and a nation may have had more than one government at different times. Nigeria, Japan, Mexico, and the Philippines provide more examples.

Many governments are associated with Western civilization including Russia Many governments are based on Anglic models. Among the Anglo-american peoples, the United States has been most influential, followed by Canada and the British Caribbean. The British have also been important, the Anglo-Australians less so. Latin governments including those of Brazil and Germanic models of government have been less influential, but Northeast Europeans have also been significant.

Particular governments of Asiatic peoples [such as those of Bangladesh] provide examples. Middle Eastern, South Asian peoples such as India and Pakistan, Central Asian peoples including some of those now in China ,Oriental peoples including those of China, Japan, and Korea, and Southeast Asian peoples such as those of Indonesia will also be significant.

African peoples have also been usefu. American Indian peoples such as are found in the United States and Brazil are also useful.

History

Traditionally, the history of particular governments is such a large part of history in general that these are often confused. Events of note include the formation, breakup (including conquest), and major changes in the extent of government. The prehistory of government through early prehistory, middle prehistory, and late prehistory is obscure. Minimal attention is given to antiquity at present, though events of the 5th millennium BC, 4th millennium BC, 3rd millennium BC, 2nd millennium BC, and early first millennium BC are significant.

More attention is given primarily to classical and medieval governments, including early classical governments, as the Persian, Hellenistic, and Roman empires, late classical governments such as the Roman empire, early medieval governments such as the Byzantine empire, and late medieval governments such as the European states.

There is also attention given to modern governments. Strong nation-states became dominant in this period from the 16th and 17th centuries.

In the 18th century, strong or absolute monarchies were the rule, at least in Europe, but the United States set new precedents. The early 18th century, early mid 18th century, mid 18th century, late-mid 18th century, and late 18th century can be connected.

The 19th century was known for the dominance of the British Empire. The early 19th century, early mid 19th century, mid 19th century, and late mid 19th century are important. In the late 19th century, local and national governments were important. International consisted mostly of the large colonial empires.

n the 20th century there were significant changes. In the early 20th century, WWI influenced the formation of the League of Nations. In the early-mid 20th, this failed to prevent WW II, and in the mid 20th, the UN, successor to the League of Nations again proved ineffective in the face of the Cold War. In the late-mid 20th, International government was still less than effective. I do not yet have details of the early 1960s, late 1960s, early 1970s, or late 1970s. I am examining their influence in the late 20th century as well. This includes events of the early 1980s, late 1980s, early 1990s, and late 1990s.

Recent and current events of the early 21st century which includes the early 2000s in 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004, 2005, and the late 2000s beginning in 2006 in the 1st, 2nd, 3rd quarter including July, August, and September, and 4th quarter including October, November, and December, and 2007 including the 1st quarter involving January, February, and March, 2nd quarter including April, May, and June, 3rd quarter including July, August, and September, and 4th quarter including October, November, and December are being studied. 2008 can be considered. Their future has not yet been well examined.