Family


Families are the basic and most primitive social institution, from which all others are derived. Studies of family can be roughly divided into marriage, parent-child relations, kinship, and particular families.	Sapience Home Site Map About Sapience Institutions Particular Families Kinship Parenting Marriage

Families are the basic and most primitive social institution, from which all others are derived. Studies of family can be roughly divided into marriage, parent-child relations, kinship, and particular families.

Institutions

Particular families

Generally, information about royal and noble families is most easily obtainable, but interest in genealogy of "common" families has been increasing for some years.

Kinship

This includes the organization and structure of households, customs of ancestry and descent, and systems of recognizing relations.

Parenting

The social roles and responsibilities and relationship of parents and children are considered.

Marriage

In principle, families begin with marriage or a marriage-like relationship, even though this may be so minimal as to be nearly absent in some families.


History Families were undoubtedly important in prehistory, but details are obscure. Various families can be identified in antiquity, but their connections to modern families are obscure. Various families were present in classical and medieval times, but are also not well connected to modern times. The families of modern times can be more closely examined. Their future is obscure.
Sociology Peoples of the world, communities, and social structure anc change can be used to examine particular families, kinship, parenting, and marriage. Other Institutions Religion Religion is valuable in studies of family. Particular religions including Asiatic religion can be connected. Abrahamic religion including Islam can be connected. Judaism can be connected. Christianity including old christianity, Catholicism, orthodoxy, Prtestantism, and mormonism can be connected. Pagan religion including Asiatic pagan, Auropean pagan, African pagan, American Indian pagan, and neopagan religion can be connected. Secularism has some connection. Religious organization including highly structured, fragmented, and loosely structured organization can be considered. Religious practice can be connected. Religious belief can be connected. Government Particular governments including local government, natioal government, and international government are also needed. Government activity including succession, administration, and state relations is also important. Government structure including political parties and interest groups, judicial systems, legislative systems, executive systems, heads of state, and forms of government can be connected. Law including tribal law, Asiatic law, Western law, and International law can be considered. Economics Economic systems including economic system behavior, economic system types, networks, and firms can be connected. Industries and companies including commercial and financial industries, communications, transportation, social and medical, building and construction, extraction and manufacturing, and agriculture can be connected. Economic activities including production, consumption, and distribution and exchange can be connected. Education Schools including higher education, secondary education, and primary education can be considered. Educational organization including administration, faculty, students, and course material can be connected. Cultural institutions including performance venues, libraries, and museums can be connected. Teaching can be connected. Research can be connected.
Culture Behavioral culture Cultural events such as miscellaneous events, disaster, gatherings, and holidays, will also be valuable. Recreation and entertainment including music, dance, theater, games, and sports will also be valuable. Occupations including service ocupations, industrial occupations, communications occupations, transportation occupations, building related, and food related occupations will be useful. Customs including institutional customs, social interaction customs, dress and adornment customs, living and dwelling customs, and vital customs will be important. Conceptual culture Areas of philosophy including metaphysics, aesthetics, ethics, epistemology, and philosophical schools and doctrines, will be useful. Applied science including applied social science, accounting, information science, medical science, navigation, engineering science, and measurement can be connected. Mathematics including statistics, analysis, geometry, algebra, arithmetic, and foundations can be connected. Literature including particular works, literary types and genres, literary forms, and oral tradition can be connected. Graphic arts including animation, photography, printmaking, painting, and drawing can be connected. Language including languages of the world, writing, and linguistics can be connected. Material culture Miscellaneous artifacts such as sculpture, musical instruments, medicines, and toys can be connected. Communication technology including electronic communication, graphic communication, and written communication can be connected. Transportation technology including space transportation, air transportation, water transportation, land transportation, and packaging can be connected. Clothing including adornment, garments, and textiles can be connected. Foodstuffs including prepared foods, precerved and processed foods, and raw foods can be connected. Building technology including outdoor structures, complete buildings, building components, furnishings, and materials can be connected. Industrial technology including advanced technology, utilities, machinery, weaponry, chemical technology, fuels, adn tools can be connected. Anthropology Particular groups Particular groups may be useful in studies of families. Human geography European geography including Balkan geography, Italian geography, Iberian geography, Eastern European geography, Central European geography, Northwest European geography, Island European geography, and Scandinavian geography can be connected. Asian geography including Southwest Asian geography, South Asian geography, Southeast Asian geography, East Asian geography, Central Asian geography, and North Asian geography can be connected. African geography including North African geography, East African geography, West African geography, North Central African geography, South Central African geography, and Southern African geography can be connected. North American geography including Northern North American geography, Middle North American geography, and Southern North American geography can be connected. South American geography can be connected. Oceanic geography can be connected. Human ecology Human effects on the environment can be connected. Relations with other life can be connected. Environmental effects on people can be connected. Physical anthropology Human dispersion can be connected. Racial variation can be connected. Human origins can be connected. Demography including birth can be considered. Population change can be connected. Population size and structure can be connected. Mortality and morbidity can be connected. Migration can be connected. Social foundations including social group behavior, social group types, social control, social interaction, and social presentation are highly important. Personal studies Biography is important. Major figures for whom family is important include: Jesus Mohammed Newton Confucius Buddha Paul Alexander Tsai Lun Lavoisier Augustus Gutenberg Columbus Einstein Pasteur Galileo Euclid Moses Darwin Shih Huang-Ti Psychology including behavioral elements, mind, behavioral patterns, developmental psychology, mental disorders, personality, and social psychology are highly important to studies of the family. The human body including body systems, body functions, life cycle, disease, and form and appearance are fundamental to family studies. Science Biology including biohistory, ecology, systematics, organism biology, cell biology, and molecular biology can be connected. Earth Science including geohistory, physical geography, atmospheric science, hydrospheric science, and geology may be connected to families. Astronomical events associated with cosmology, galactic astronomy, stellar astronomy, and solar system astronomy can sometimes be connected. Chemistry including chemical systems, chemical change, and chemical substances might be connected. Physics including the structure of matter, quantum physics, relativity, electromagnetism, thermodynamics, and mechanics might be connected.

History

Families were undoubtedly important in prehistory, but details are obscure. Various families can be identified in antiquity, but their connections to modern families are obscure. Various families were present in classical and medieval times, but are also not well connected to modern times. The families of modern times can be more closely examined. Their future is obscure.

Sociology

Peoples of the world, communities, and social structure anc change can be used to examine particular families, kinship, parenting, and marriage.

Other Institutions

Religion

Religion is valuable in studies of family. Particular religions including Asiatic religion can be connected. Abrahamic religion including Islam can be connected. Judaism can be connected. Christianity including old christianity, Catholicism, orthodoxy, Prtestantism, and mormonism can be connected. Pagan religion including Asiatic pagan, Auropean pagan, African pagan, American Indian pagan, and neopagan religion can be connected. Secularism has some connection. Religious organization including highly structured, fragmented, and loosely structured organization can be considered. Religious practice can be connected. Religious belief can be connected.

Government

Particular governments including local government, natioal government, and international government are also needed. Government activity including succession, administration, and state relations is also important. Government structure including political parties and interest groups, judicial systems, legislative systems, executive systems, heads of state, and forms of government can be connected. Law including tribal law, Asiatic law, Western law, and International law can be considered.

Economics

Economic systems including economic system behavior, economic system types, networks, and firms can be connected. Industries and companies including commercial and financial industries, communications, transportation, social and medical, building and construction, extraction and manufacturing, and agriculture can be connected. Economic activities including production, consumption, and distribution and exchange can be connected.

Education

Schools including higher education, secondary education, and primary education can be considered. Educational organization including administration, faculty, students, and course material can be connected. Cultural institutions including performance venues, libraries, and museums can be connected. Teaching can be connected. Research can be connected.

Culture

Behavioral culture

Cultural events such as miscellaneous events, disaster, gatherings, and holidays, will also be valuable. Recreation and entertainment including music, dance, theater, games, and sports will also be valuable. Occupations including service ocupations, industrial occupations, communications occupations, transportation occupations, building related, and food related occupations will be useful. Customs including institutional customs, social interaction customs, dress and adornment customs, living and dwelling customs, and vital customs will be important.

Conceptual culture

Areas of philosophy including metaphysics, aesthetics, ethics, epistemology, and philosophical schools and doctrines, will be useful. Applied science including applied social science, accounting, information science, medical science, navigation, engineering science, and measurement can be connected. Mathematics including statistics, analysis, geometry, algebra, arithmetic, and foundations can be connected. Literature including particular works, literary types and genres, literary forms, and oral tradition can be connected. Graphic arts including animation, photography, printmaking, painting, and drawing can be connected. Language including languages of the world, writing, and linguistics can be connected.

Material culture

Miscellaneous artifacts such as sculpture, musical instruments, medicines, and toys can be connected. Communication technology including electronic communication, graphic communication, and written communication can be connected. Transportation technology including space transportation, air transportation, water transportation, land transportation, and packaging can be connected. Clothing including adornment, garments, and textiles can be connected. Foodstuffs including prepared foods, precerved and processed foods, and raw foods can be connected. Building technology including outdoor structures, complete buildings, building components, furnishings, and materials can be connected. Industrial technology including advanced technology, utilities, machinery, weaponry, chemical technology, fuels, adn tools can be connected.

Anthropology

Particular groups

Particular groups may be useful in studies of families.

Human geography

European geography including Balkan geography, Italian geography, Iberian geography, Eastern European geography, Central European geography, Northwest European geography, Island European geography, and Scandinavian geography can be connected. Asian geography including Southwest Asian geography, South Asian geography, Southeast Asian geography, East Asian geography, Central Asian geography, and North Asian geography can be connected. African geography including North African geography, East African geography, West African geography, North Central African geography, South Central African geography, and Southern African geography can be connected. North American geography including Northern North American geography, Middle North American geography, and Southern North American geography can be connected. South American geography can be connected. Oceanic geography can be connected.

Human ecology

Human effects on the environment can be connected. Relations with other life can be connected. Environmental effects on people can be connected.

Physical anthropology

Human dispersion can be connected. Racial variation can be connected. Human origins can be connected.

Demography including birth can be considered. Population change can be connected. Population size and structure can be connected. Mortality and morbidity can be connected. Migration can be connected.

Social foundations including social group behavior, social group types, social control, social interaction, and social presentation are highly important.

Personal studies

Biography is important. Major figures for whom family is important include:

Psychology including behavioral elements, mind, behavioral patterns, developmental psychology, mental disorders, personality, and social psychology are highly important to studies of the family. The human body including body systems, body functions, life cycle, disease, and form and appearance are fundamental to family studies.

Science

Biology including biohistory, ecology, systematics, organism biology, cell biology, and molecular biology can be connected. Earth Science including geohistory, physical geography, atmospheric science, hydrospheric science, and geology may be connected to families. Astronomical events associated with cosmology, galactic astronomy, stellar astronomy, and solar system astronomy can sometimes be connected. Chemistry including chemical systems, chemical change, and chemical substances might be connected. Physics including the structure of matter, quantum physics, relativity, electromagnetism, thermodynamics, and mechanics might be connected.

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