Institutions


The major social institutions are present in every culture, although in some they are not clearly distinguished from one another. It is impossible to separate them entirely, because although they may have different organizational structures, they include each person in a society. The social institutions include religion, government, economics, education, and families. Events and individuals pertinent to these are being considered.	Sapience Home Site Map About Sapience Religion Government Economics Education Families

The major social institutions are present in every culture, although in some they are not clearly distinguished from one another. It is impossible to separate them entirely, because although they may have different organizational structures, they include each person in a society.

The social institutions include religion, government, economics, education, and families. Events and individuals pertinent to these are being considered.

Religion

Religious tradition includes the major world religions as well as secular ideologies that address the same topics as religious belief. This will include discussions of religious organization religious practice, and religious beliefs.

Government

This includes discussions of particular governments, government activities such as state relations, administration, and succession, government structure, and law.

Economics

Economics includes studies of economic systems , industries, companies, and economic activities.

Education

Education is roughly divided into schools, educational systems, cultural institutions, teaching, and research research .

Family

Studies of family can be roughly divided into particular families, kinship, parenting, and marriage.


History Institutions in general are such a broad subject that their history closely reflects world history. Their roots can be traced to prehistory, but they are more easily examined in antiquity. During classical and medieval times, the forms familiar to us began to take shape, and in modern times they have developed extensively. Their future can be examined to some extent. Sociology The peoples of the world illustrate the various social institutions. Communities illustrate numerous examples, and social structure and change can be applied to the social institutions. Culture The study of institutions depends heavily on the examination of behavioral culture, conceptual culture, and material culture. Religion, government, economics, education, and families can all be examined. Behavioral culture Behavioral culture can be applied to the examination of religion, government, economics, education, and families. Cultural events can be applied to religion, government, economics, education, and families. Holidays can be applied to institutions. gatherings can be applied to institutions. Disasters can be applied to institutions. Miscellanous events can be applied to institutions. Recreation and entertainment can be applied to the examination of religion, government, economics, education, and families. Sports can be applied to institutions. Games can be applied to institutions. Theater can be applied to institutions. Dance can be applied to institutions. Music can be applied to institutions. Occupations can be applied so far to the examination of religion and government. Service occupations can be connected to institutions. Institutional occupations, business and commercial, sports, recreation, and entertainment, and social and medical services will be important. Industrial occupations can be connected to institutions. Communications related occupations can be connected to institutions. Transportation related occupations can be applied to institutions. Building related occupation can be applied to institutions. food related occupations are also important. Customs can be applied so far to the examination of religion and government. Institutional customs, social interactions, dress and adornment customs, living and dwelling customs, and vital customs are important. Conceptual culture Conceptual culture can be applied to the examination of religion, government, economics, education, and families. Philosophy can be applied to the examination of religion, government, economics, education, and families. Philosophical schools and doctrines, special topics, aesthetics, ethics, metaphysics, epistemology, and logic are important in institutions. Applied science can so far be connected to religion and government. Applied social science can be be applied to institutions. Accounting can be applied to institutions Information and computing science has become important to institutions. Medical science is somewhat indirectly applicable to institutions. Navigation is a somewhat specialized area but can be applied to institutions. Engineering science has been somewhat useful to institutions. Measurement is highly important to institutions. Mathematics can be connected to institutions. Statistics can be connected to institutions. Geometry can be connected to institutions. Analysis may be connected to institutions. Algebra may be connected to institutions. Arithmetic may be connected to Institutions. Mathematical foundations may be important to institutions. Literature can be connected to religion, government, economics, education, and families. Specific literary works have connections to religion and government. Types and genres have connectsions to institutions. Literary forms have connections to institutions. Oral tradition has connections to institutions. Graphic arts can so far be connected to religion. Computer graphics, photography, printmaking, painting, and drawing will also be useful. Language can so far be connected to religion, government, and economics. Languages of the world including Indo-European languages, Afro-Asiatic languages, Asiatic languages, African languages, American Indian languages, and other languages can be connected. Writing including ideographic writing, syllabic writing, and alphabetic writing can be connected. Linguistics including linguistic change, Semantics, syntax, word forms, and phonetics can be connected. Material culture Material culture is essental to the examination of religion, government, economics, education, and families Miscellenous artifacts such as sculpture, musical instruments, medicines, toys, and weaponry will be useful. Communication devices including electrical, graphic, and written communication will be important to institutions. Transportation technology including space transportation, air transportation, water transportation, ground transportation, and packaging is also vital to institutions. Clothing is also important. Foodstuffs such as agricultural products, processed and preserved food, and prepared food is important. Building techology such as materials, building components, furnishings, complete buildings, and outdoor structures is extremely useful. Industrial technology such as tools, fuels, chemical technology, machinery, utilities, and other technology will be useful. Anthropology Anthropology can be applied to the examination of religion, government, economics, education, and families. Particular groups Institutions depend heavily on particular groups, It is not entirely clear where specific institutions end and particular groups begin. Wright brothers al-Qaeda American Academy of Arts and Sciences Royal Society Victorian Society World History Association Human geography European geography including the Balkans, Italian peninsula, Iberia, Northwest Europe, Island Europe, Central Europe, Eastern Europe, and Scandinavia is important. Asian geography including , South Asia, Central Asia, Southeast Asia, East Asia, and North Asia is significant. Southwest Asia including the Near East, Arabia, Asia Minor, Transcaucausus, Iranian highlands is also significant. African geography including North Africa, East Africa, Western Africa, North Central Africa, South Central Africa, and Southern Africa can be connected. North American geography, including Northern North America, Middle North America, and Southern North America can be connected. South American geography and Oceanic geography are important. Human ecology Human influence on the environment is significant to various institutions. Relationships with other life forms are also significant. Environmental influences on people are also important. Physical anthropology Human dispersion, racial variation, and human origins seems less directly significant. Demography Population change, population structure, morbidity and mortality, migration, and birth and fertility are also applicable to social institutions. Social foundations social group behavior, social group types, social control, social interaction, and social presentation form the foundations of social institutions. Personal studies Biography is definitely important in the study of institutions, but since the majority of individuals are associated with one or more of them, the biography list will not be duplicated here. Psychology is also important. Social psychology, personality, mental disorders, developmental psychology, behavioral patterns, mind, and behavioral elements all have uses. Studies of the human body seem to be weakly connected to institutions. Appearance does not seem to have obvious strong connections to most of the institutions. Life cycle, including gestation, infancy, childhood, adolescence, adulthood, senescence, and death has various connections. Disease can be considered. Body function including control functions, reproduction, vital functions , and movement seems to be somewhat connected. Body systems including control systems, reproductive systems, vital systems, and structural systems seem to be weakly connected.
Science Biology Biology would not seem to be directly related, but it has connections to religion and economics, for a couple of examples. Biohistory including periods of the Precambrian, Paleozoic, Mesozoic, and Cenozoic can also be connected. Elements of ecology including behavioral ecology, population ecology, community ecology, system ecology, evolution, ecosystems, and biogeography will also be useful. Systematics including microbes, protists, plants, fungi, and animals are highly visible. Organism biology including habitat, tissues, organ systems, morphology, life cycle, and behavior is even more useful. Cell biology including cell anatomy, behavior, and types of cells will be useful. Molecular biology including inorganic materials, small organics, carbohdrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids may be useful.	Links to other sites: not yet available
Earth science Geohistory including periods of the Precambrian, Paleozoic, Mesozoic, and Cenozoic can also be connected. Physical geography and mapping, terrestrial geography, and oceanic geography will be useful. atmospheric science including atmospheric structure, meteorology, and climatology can also be connected. Hydrospheric science including oceanography, glaciology, groundwater, and fresh water can be connected. Geology including minerals, rocks, landforms, geological processes, and interior geology can be connected. Astronomy Cosmology and galactic astronomy are out of range of ordinary human experience, but stellar astronomy including interstellar medium, stars, star clusters, and mostly astrocartography has been somewhat useful. Solar system astronomy including the sun and solar planetary systems has been most significant. Minor bodies, the interplanetary medium, and solar system history are less directly useful. Chemistry Chemical systems including organic systems, inorganics systems, gaseous systems, liquid systems, and solid systems can be connected. Chemical changes including nuclear reactions, chemical reactions, and physical changes can be connected. Chemical substances including mixtures, compounds and elements might be connected. Physics The structure of matter including exotic matter, bulk matter, molecular physics, atomic physics, and subatomic physics can be connected. Quantum physics can be connected. Relativistic physics including general relativity and special relativity can be connected. Electromagnetism including optics, magnetism, electric current, and electrostatics can be connected. Thermodynamics including nonclassical thermodynamics, classical thermodyanmics, and statistical mechanics can be connected. Mechanics including gravitation, nonrigid mechanics, rigid body mechanics, and particle mechanics can be connected.

History

Institutions in general are such a broad subject that their history closely reflects world history. Their roots can be traced to prehistory, but they are more easily examined in antiquity. During classical and medieval times, the forms familiar to us began to take shape, and in modern times they have developed extensively. Their future can be examined to some extent.

Sociology

The peoples of the world illustrate the various social institutions. Communities illustrate numerous examples, and social structure and change can be applied to the social institutions.

Culture

The study of institutions depends heavily on the examination of behavioral culture, conceptual culture, and material culture. Religion, government, economics, education, and families can all be examined.

Behavioral culture

Behavioral culture can be applied to the examination of religion, government, economics, education, and families.

Cultural events can be applied to religion, government, economics, education, and families. Holidays can be applied to institutions. gatherings can be applied to institutions. Disasters can be applied to institutions. Miscellanous events can be applied to institutions.

Recreation and entertainment can be applied to the examination of religion, government, economics, education, and families. Sports can be applied to institutions. Games can be applied to institutions. Theater can be applied to institutions. Dance can be applied to institutions. Music can be applied to institutions.

Occupations can be applied so far to the examination of religion and government. Service occupations can be connected to institutions. Institutional occupations, business and commercial, sports, recreation, and entertainment, and social and medical services will be important. Industrial occupations can be connected to institutions. Communications related occupations can be connected to institutions. Transportation related occupations can be applied to institutions. Building related occupation can be applied to institutions. food related occupations are also important.

Customs can be applied so far to the examination of religion and government. Institutional customs, social interactions, dress and adornment customs, living and dwelling customs, and vital customs are important.

Conceptual culture

Conceptual culture can be applied to the examination of religion, government, economics, education, and families.

Philosophy can be applied to the examination of religion, government, economics, education, and families. Philosophical schools and doctrines, special topics, aesthetics, ethics, metaphysics, epistemology, and logic are important in institutions.

Applied science can so far be connected to religion and government. Applied social science can be be applied to institutions. Accounting can be applied to institutions Information and computing science has become important to institutions. Medical science is somewhat indirectly applicable to institutions. Navigation is a somewhat specialized area but can be applied to institutions. Engineering science has been somewhat useful to institutions. Measurement is highly important to institutions.

Mathematics can be connected to institutions. Statistics can be connected to institutions. Geometry can be connected to institutions. Analysis may be connected to institutions. Algebra may be connected to institutions. Arithmetic may be connected to Institutions. Mathematical foundations may be important to institutions.

Literature can be connected to religion, government, economics, education, and families. Specific literary works have connections to religion and government. Types and genres have connectsions to institutions. Literary forms have connections to institutions. Oral tradition has connections to institutions.

Graphic arts can so far be connected to religion. Computer graphics, photography, printmaking, painting, and drawing will also be useful.

Language can so far be connected to religion, government, and economics. Languages of the world including Indo-European languages, Afro-Asiatic languages, Asiatic languages, African languages, American Indian languages, and other languages can be connected. Writing including ideographic writing, syllabic writing, and alphabetic writing can be connected. Linguistics including linguistic change, Semantics, syntax, word forms, and phonetics can be connected.

Material culture

Material culture is essental to the examination of religion, government, economics, education, and families

Miscellenous artifacts such as sculpture, musical instruments, medicines, toys, and weaponry will be useful. Communication devices including electrical, graphic, and written communication will be important to institutions. Transportation technology including space transportation, air transportation, water transportation, ground transportation, and packaging is also vital to institutions. Clothing is also important. Foodstuffs such as agricultural products, processed and preserved food, and prepared food is important. Building techology such as materials, building components, furnishings, complete buildings, and outdoor structures is extremely useful. Industrial technology such as tools, fuels, chemical technology, machinery, utilities, and other technology will be useful.

Anthropology

Anthropology can be applied to the examination of religion, government, economics, education, and families.

Particular groups

Institutions depend heavily on particular groups, It is not entirely clear where specific institutions end and particular groups begin.

Human geography

European geography including the Balkans, Italian peninsula, Iberia, Northwest Europe, Island Europe, Central Europe, Eastern Europe, and Scandinavia is important.

Asian geography including , South Asia, Central Asia, Southeast Asia, East Asia, and North Asia is significant. Southwest Asia including the Near East, Arabia, Asia Minor, Transcaucausus, Iranian highlands is also significant.

African geography including North Africa, East Africa, Western Africa, North Central Africa, South Central Africa, and Southern Africa can be connected.

North American geography, including Northern North America, Middle North America, and Southern North America can be connected.

South American geography and Oceanic geography are important.

Human ecology

Human influence on the environment is significant to various institutions. Relationships with other life forms are also significant. Environmental influences on people are also important.

Personal studies

Biography is definitely important in the study of institutions, but since the majority of individuals are associated with one or more of them, the biography list will not be duplicated here.

Psychology is also important. Social psychology, personality, mental disorders, developmental psychology, behavioral patterns, mind, and behavioral elements all have uses.

Studies of the human body seem to be weakly connected to institutions. Appearance does not seem to have obvious strong connections to most of the institutions. Life cycle, including gestation, infancy, childhood, adolescence, adulthood, senescence, and death has various connections. Disease can be considered. Body function including control functions, reproduction, vital functions , and movement seems to be somewhat connected. Body systems including control systems, reproductive systems, vital systems, and structural systems seem to be weakly connected.

Science

Biology

Biology would not seem to be directly related, but it has connections to religion and economics, for a couple of examples. Biohistory including periods of the Precambrian, Paleozoic, Mesozoic, and Cenozoic can also be connected. Elements of ecology including behavioral ecology, population ecology, community ecology, system ecology, evolution, ecosystems, and biogeography will also be useful. Systematics including microbes, protists, plants, fungi, and animals are highly visible. Organism biology including habitat, tissues, organ systems, morphology, life cycle, and behavior is even more useful. Cell biology including cell anatomy, behavior, and types of cells will be useful. Molecular biology including inorganic materials, small organics, carbohdrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids may be useful.

Links to other sites: not yet available

Earth science

Geohistory including periods of the Precambrian, Paleozoic, Mesozoic, and Cenozoic can also be connected. Physical geography and mapping, terrestrial geography, and oceanic geography will be useful. atmospheric science including atmospheric structure, meteorology, and climatology can also be connected. Hydrospheric science including oceanography, glaciology, groundwater, and fresh water can be connected. Geology including minerals, rocks, landforms, geological processes, and interior geology can be connected.

Astronomy

Cosmology and galactic astronomy are out of range of ordinary human experience, but stellar astronomy including interstellar medium, stars, star clusters, and mostly astrocartography has been somewhat useful. Solar system astronomy including the sun and solar planetary systems has been most significant. Minor bodies, the interplanetary medium, and solar system history are less directly useful.

Chemistry

Chemical systems including organic systems, inorganics systems, gaseous systems, liquid systems, and solid systems can be connected. Chemical changes including nuclear reactions, chemical reactions, and physical changes can be connected. Chemical substances including mixtures, compounds and elements might be connected.

Physics

The structure of matter including exotic matter, bulk matter, molecular physics, atomic physics, and subatomic physics can be connected. Quantum physics can be connected. Relativistic physics including general relativity and special relativity can be connected. Electromagnetism including optics, magnetism, electric current, and electrostatics can be connected. Thermodynamics including nonclassical thermodynamics, classical thermodyanmics, and statistical mechanics can be connected. Mechanics including gravitation, nonrigid mechanics, rigid body mechanics, and particle mechanics can be connected.

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