Institutions


The major social institutions are present in every culture, although in some they are not clearly distinguished from one another. It is impossible to separate them entirely, because although they may have different organizational structures, they include each person in a society. The social institutions include religion, government, economics, education, and families. Events and individuals pertinent to these are being considered.	Sapience Home Site Map About Sapience Families Education Economics Government Religion

The major social institutions are present in every culture, although in some they are not clearly distinguished from one another. It is impossible to separate them entirely, because although they may have different organizational structures, they include each person in a society.

The social institutions include religion, government, economics, education, and families. Events and individuals pertinent to these are being considered.

Family

Studies of family can be roughly divided into marriage, parenting, kinship, and particular families.

Education

Education is roughly divided into research, teaching, cultural institutions, educational systems, and schools.

Economics

Economics includes studies of economic activities, industries, companies, and economic systems.

Government

This includes discussions of law, activities including wars, structure and administration, and particular states.

Religion

This will include discussions of religous beliefs, religious practice, and religious organization. Religious tradition includes the major world religions as well as secular ideologies that address the same topics as religious belief.


Science Physics and chemistry are likely to be less influential than other natural sciences. Astronomy is somewhat useufl. Cosmology and galactic astronomy are out of range of ordinary human experience, but stellar astronomy including interstellar medium, stars, star clusters, and mostly astrocartography has been somewhat useful. Solar system astronomy including the sun and solar planetary systems has been most significant. Minor bodies, the interplanetary medium, and solar system history are less directly useful.	Links to other sites: not yet available
Earth science is also important. Geology including minerals, rocks, landforms, geological processes, and interior geology can be connected. Hydrospheric science including oceanography, glaciology, groundwater, and fresh water and atmospheric science including atmospheric structure, meteorology, and climatology can also be connected. Physical geography and mapping, terrestrial geography, and oceanic geography and geohistory including periods of the Precambrian, Paleozoic, Mesozoic, and Cenozoic can also be connected. Biology would not seem to be directly related, but it has connections to religion and economics, for a couple of examples. Molecular biology including inorganic materials, small organics, carbohdrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids may be useful. Cell biology including cell anatomy, behavior, and types of cells will be more useful. Organism biology including habitat, tissues, organ systems, morphology, life cycle, and behavior is even more useful. Systematics including microbes, protists, plants, fungi, and animals are highly visible. Elements of ecology including behavioral ecology, population ecology, community ecology, system ecology, evolution, ecosystems, and biogeography will also be useful. Biohistory including periods of the Precambrian, Paleozoic, Mesozoic, and Cenozoic can also be connected. Personal studies Studies of the human body seem to be weakly connected to institutions. Body systems do not appear to have a strong connection, but institutions need to make allowance for disease and events in the life cycle. Appearance does not seem to have obvious strong connections to most of the institutions. Psychology is also important. The nervous system, behavioral elements, mind, behavioral patterns, developmental psychology, mental disorders, personality, and social psychology all have uses. Biography is definitely important in the study of institutions, but since the majority of individuals are associated with one or more of them, the biography list will not be duplicated here. However, until I can more definitely associate them with particular institutions, I include these: Aristotle Alexander Constantine Faraday Lavoisier Watt Maxwell Augustus Copernicus Luther Washington Marx Genghis Khan Adam Smith Shakespeare Dalton Napoleon Edison Leeuwenhoek Morton Anthropology Social foundations including social presentation, social interaction, social control, social group behavior, and group types form the foundations of social institutions. Demography including birth and fertility, migration, morbidity and mortality, population structure, and population change is also applicable to social institutions. Physical anthropology including human origins, racial variation, and human dispersion seems less directly significant. Human ecology, including the environmental influences on mankind is also important. Relationships with other life forms are also significant. Human influence on the environment is significant to various institutions. Human geography gives a setting for institutions. European geography is important. Asian geography including , South Asia, Central Asia, Southeast Asia, East Asia, and North Asia is significant. Southwest Asia including the Near East, Arabia, Asia Minor, Transcaucausus, Iranian highlands is also significant. African geography, North American geography, South American geography, and Oceanic geography are all important. Institutions depend heavily on particular groups. Wright brothers Culture Material culture will be significant. Industrial technology such as tools, fuels, chemical technology, machinery, utilities, and other technology will be useful. Building techology such as materials, building components, furnishings, complete buildings, and outdoor structures is extremely useful. Foodstuffs such as agricultural products, processed and preserved food, and prepared food is important. Clothing is also important. Transportation technology including packaging, ground transportation, water transportation, Air transportation, and space transportation is also vital to institutions. Communication devices including written, graphic, and electrical communication will be important to instututions. Other artifacts such as toys, weaponry, medicines, musical instruments, and sculpture will be useful. Conceptual culture Language with Linguistics, writing, and languages of the world will be useful. Graphic arts including drawing, painting, printmaking, photography and computer graphics will also be useful. Literature with oral tradition, literary forms, types and genres, and specific literary works is also useful. Mathematics with mathematical foundations, arithmetic, algebra, analysis, geometry, and statistics is highly important to the study of institutions. Applied science including measurement, engineering science, navigation, medical science, information and computing science, accounting, and applied social science will be important in various institutions. Philosophy including metaphysics, aesthetics, ethics, epistemology, and philosophical schools and doctrines is also important in institutions. Behavioral culture will also be important. Customs including vital customs, living and dwelling customs, dress and adornment customs, social interactions, and institutional customs are important. Occupations including food related, building related, transportation, related, communications related, and industrial occupations will be useful. Service occupations including social and medical services, budiness and commercial, sports, recreation, and entertainment, and instututional occupations will be important. Recreation and entertainment, music, dance, theater, games, sports, and cultural events such as miscellanous events, disasters, fairs and conventions, and holidays, and disasters are all significant. Sociology Social structure and change can be applied to the social institutions. Communities illustrate numerous examples, and the peoples of the world also illustrate the various social institutions. History Institutions in general are such a broad subject that their history closely reflects world history. Their roots can be traced to prehistory, but they are more easily examined in antiquity. During classical and medieval times, the forms familiar to us began to take shape, and in modern times they have developed extensively. Their future can be examined to some extent.

Science

Physics and chemistry are likely to be less influential than other natural sciences. Astronomy is somewhat useufl. Cosmology and galactic astronomy are out of range of ordinary human experience, but stellar astronomy including interstellar medium, stars, star clusters, and mostly astrocartography has been somewhat useful. Solar system astronomy including the sun and solar planetary systems has been most significant. Minor bodies, the interplanetary medium, and solar system history are less directly useful.

Links to other sites: not yet available

Earth science is also important. Geology including minerals, rocks, landforms, geological processes, and interior geology can be connected. Hydrospheric science including oceanography, glaciology, groundwater, and fresh water and atmospheric science including atmospheric structure, meteorology, and climatology can also be connected. Physical geography and mapping, terrestrial geography, and oceanic geography and geohistory including periods of the Precambrian, Paleozoic, Mesozoic, and Cenozoic can also be connected.

Biology would not seem to be directly related, but it has connections to religion and economics, for a couple of examples. Molecular biology including inorganic materials, small organics, carbohdrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids may be useful. Cell biology including cell anatomy, behavior, and types of cells will be more useful. Organism biology including habitat, tissues, organ systems, morphology, life cycle, and behavior is even more useful. Systematics including microbes, protists, plants, fungi, and animals are highly visible. Elements of ecology including behavioral ecology, population ecology, community ecology, system ecology, evolution, ecosystems, and biogeography will also be useful. Biohistory including periods of the Precambrian, Paleozoic, Mesozoic, and Cenozoic can also be connected.

Personal studies

Studies of the human body seem to be weakly connected to institutions. Body systems do not appear to have a strong connection, but institutions need to make allowance for disease and events in the life cycle. Appearance does not seem to have obvious strong connections to most of the institutions. Psychology is also important. The nervous system, behavioral elements, mind, behavioral patterns, developmental psychology, mental disorders, personality, and social psychology all have uses. Biography is definitely important in the study of institutions, but since the majority of individuals are associated with one or more of them, the biography list will not be duplicated here. However, until I can more definitely associate them with particular institutions, I include these:

Anthropology

Social foundations including social presentation, social interaction, social control, social group behavior, and group types form the foundations of social institutions. Demography including birth and fertility, migration, morbidity and mortality, population structure, and population change is also applicable to social institutions. Physical anthropology including human origins, racial variation, and human dispersion seems less directly significant. Human ecology, including the environmental influences on mankind is also important. Relationships with other life forms are also significant. Human influence on the environment is significant to various institutions.

Human geography gives a setting for institutions. European geography is important. Asian geography including , South Asia, Central Asia, Southeast Asia, East Asia, and North Asia is significant. Southwest Asia including the Near East, Arabia, Asia Minor, Transcaucausus, Iranian highlands is also significant. African geography, North American geography, South American geography, and Oceanic geography are all important.

Institutions depend heavily on particular groups.

Wright brothers

Culture

Material culture will be significant. Industrial technology such as tools, fuels, chemical technology, machinery, utilities, and other technology will be useful. Building techology such as materials, building components, furnishings, complete buildings, and outdoor structures is extremely useful. Foodstuffs such as agricultural products, processed and preserved food, and prepared food is important. Clothing is also important. Transportation technology including packaging, ground transportation, water transportation, Air transportation, and space transportation is also vital to institutions. Communication devices including written, graphic, and electrical communication will be important to instututions. Other artifacts such as toys, weaponry, medicines, musical instruments, and sculpture will be useful.

Conceptual culture Language with Linguistics, writing, and languages of the world will be useful. Graphic arts including drawing, painting, printmaking, photography and computer graphics will also be useful. Literature with oral tradition, literary forms, types and genres, and specific literary works is also useful. Mathematics with mathematical foundations, arithmetic, algebra, analysis, geometry, and statistics is highly important to the study of institutions. Applied science including measurement, engineering science, navigation, medical science, information and computing science, accounting, and applied social science will be important in various institutions. Philosophy including metaphysics, aesthetics, ethics, epistemology, and philosophical schools and doctrines is also important in institutions.

Behavioral culture will also be important. Customs including vital customs, living and dwelling customs, dress and adornment customs, social interactions, and institutional customs are important. Occupations including food related, building related, transportation, related, communications related, and industrial occupations will be useful. Service occupations including social and medical services, budiness and commercial, sports, recreation, and entertainment, and instututional occupations will be important. Recreation and entertainment, music, dance, theater, games, sports, and cultural events such as miscellanous events, disasters, fairs and conventions, and holidays, and disasters are all significant.

Sociology

Social structure and change can be applied to the social institutions. Communities illustrate numerous examples, and the peoples of the world also illustrate the various social institutions.

History

Institutions in general are such a broad subject that their history closely reflects world history. Their roots can be traced to prehistory, but they are more easily examined in antiquity. During classical and medieval times, the forms familiar to us began to take shape, and in modern times they have developed extensively. Their future can be examined to some extent.

Top