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Peoples of the world, communities, and social structure and change can be used to examine early prehistory. |
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Sociology can be used to examine the Pliocene, early mid Pleistocene, late mid Pleistocene, and late Pleistocene.
The major civilizations familiar from later times probably did not exist, but for now they form a useful way of organizing information about Pliocene, early Pleistocene, early mid Pleistocene, late mid Pleistocene, and late Pleistocene times.
Many investigations are organized and conducted on the basis of modern nations. Ecuador, Niger, Guatemala, Senegal, Angola, Zimbabwe, Mali, Zambia, Cuba, Greece, Portugal, Belgium, Tunisia, Czech Republic, Guinea, Rwanda, Serbia, Chad, Hungary, Belarus, Somalia, Dominican Republic, Bolivia, and Sweden, Haiti, Burundi, Benin, Austria, Azerbaijan, Honduras, Switzerland, and Bulgaria can be examined.
African peoples are obscure, although it is believed by physical anthropologists that human beings originated here. I know little of Malawi.
East Africa will be useful. Some of the earliest traces of humankind are found in East Africa. I know little of Uganda. Northern East African peoples including those of Ethiopia can be connected. Central East Africa including Kenya can be connected. Tanzania can be connected. Interior East Africa including Sudan can be connected.
Southern Africa including Mozambique can also be considered. South Africa can be connected.
Central Africa including Cameroon can be considered. Congo (DR) can be connected.
I know little of West African peoples including Burkina Faso in this period. Southern Coastal West Africa including Ivory Coast can be connected. Nigeria can be connected. Ghana can be connected. Western Coastal West Africa can also be considered.
Asiatic civilization probably did not exist in anything like its modern form. I know little about Cambodia during this period.
There are some fossil remains in the Middle East. I know little of Syria for this period. I have little specific information about Egypt. There is some evidence of habitation of Turkey during this period. There is some evidence of habitation in Mesopotamian peoples including Iraq for this period. For Persian peoples there is also some evidence of habitation of Iran. I have not identified habitation of Afghanistan during this period. North African peoples including those of Morocco can be connected. In Algeria there was evidence of habitation. Arabian peoples such as those of Saudi Arabia and Yemen can be considered.
Whether South Asian peoples existed as such is obscure. Sri Lanka can be connected. India may have a few fossil remains that date to this period, and Pakistan has some. I know nothing of Bangladesh in this period, or Nepal.
Central Asia including Kazakhstan is obscure. Inner Asian peoples including those of Uzbekistan can be connected.
Whether Oriental peoples existed as such is obscure. Studies from China are relevant and remains from this period include so-called Peking Man. Japan was probably uninhabited during this period. I know little of South Korea,North Korea, or Taiwan.
In Southeast Asia, I know nothing of Mainland Southeast Asia during this period. I know nothing of Vietnam, Thailand, Burma, or Malaysia in this period. In the Southeast Asian Archipelagoes, there are some remains from Indonesia, know as Java Man, which date to this period. I know nothing of the Philippines during this period. Australia was probably uninhabited.
Western civilization probably did not exist in anything like its modern form, but it can be used to examine and organize information about Pliocene, early Pleistocene, early mid Pleistocene, late mid Pleistocene, and late Pleistocene times. I know little of the Netherlands. Among Anglic peoples, what is now the United Kingdom was intermittently inhabited. Among Latin peoples, Spain can be connected. Italic peoples based on modern Italy can be considered. Among French peoples, much of the archeological terminology of this period is derived from studies in France. It is not certain that Germanic peoples existed as such. I know nothing of Germany from this period. I know nothing of Northeast Europe in general or Russia, Ukraine, or Poland in particular in this period. I know little of Balkan peoples including Romania.
The Americas are believed to have been uninhabited during early prehistory.
Remains of various communities have been found, but these are small. Few if any of the large cities of today can be traced to this period.
Social changes can be identified. Particular changes are difficult to identify, since those that can be identified seemed to have been closely related to biology. Social change processes including innovation, transmission, adaptation, and extinction proceeded slowly in this period. Social change factors including institutional change, cultural change, demographic change, and natural change can be identified.
Social types were limited to principally hunting and gathering societies. Social structure including community and regional structure, class structure, institutional structure, cultural structure, and anthropological structure must have been rudimentary.