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Biology, earth science, astronomy, chemistry, and physics can be applied to examination of the 20th century. |
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Science can be applied to the 16th century, 17th century, 18th century, 19th century, and 20th century with increasing depth for each period.
Biology may be applied to the 16th century, 17th century, 18th century, 19th century, and 20th century.
Biohistory is for the most part indirectly useful and so far can be applied principally to the 20th century. Precambrian, Paleozoic, and Mesozoic eras are long past: Modern history belongs to the Cenozoic era and particularly the Holocene epoch.
Ecology can be somewhat connected to modern history in general. Biogeography including terrestrial biogeography and oceanic biogeography can be connected. Ecosystems including terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems can be considered. Evolution with extinction, speciation, selection, and variation can be considered. System ecology, community ecology, population ecology, and behavioral ecology can be somewhat connected.
Systematics can be connected to modern history. Animals such as tetrapods, fish, deuterostomes, protostomes, jellyfish, and sponges can be considered. Fungi, plants, protists, and microbes can also be connected.
Organism biology can be connected to modern history. Habitat, tissues, organ systems, forms, life cycle, and behavior can be connected. Cell biology can be applied indirectly to modern history. Cell types, cell behavior, and cell anatomy can be applied. Molecular biology can possibly be applied to modern history. Nucleic acids, proteins, lipids, carbohydrates, small organics, and inorganics are less directly useful.
Earth science is useful for examining terrestrial events, so far in the 18th century, 19th century, and 20th century.
Geohistory can be applied to modern history. The Precambrian Era, Paleozoic Era, Mesozoic Era seems to be minimally useful. All modern history takes place in the Cenozoic Era, and in particular the Holocene epoch.
Physical geography can be applied to the 19th century and 20th century. Mapping, terrestrial geography, and oceanic geography seems to be indirectly useful. Atmospheric science can possibly be applied to modern times. Climatology, meteorology, and atmospheric structure can be connected. Hydrospheric science can be applied to modern times. Oceanography, glaciology, groundwater, and freshwater may be useful. Geology including interior geology, geologic processes, landforms, petrology and minerals may also be connected, at least indirectly.
Astronomical events can sometimes be identified and applied to the 18th century, 19th century, and 20th century. Cosmology seems to be only indirectly useful. Galactic astronomy including Galactic astrocartography, galactic classes, and the intergalactic medium is only directly useful for history. Events of stellar astronomy including astrocartography, star clusters, stars, and the interstellar medium can be connected. Local astronomy including solar sytem history, the sun, planetary systems, minor bodies, and the interplanetary medium can be better identified.
Chemical systems including organic chemistry, inorganic chemistry, gas chemistry, liquid chemistry, and solid chemistry can be connected. Chemical change including nuclear reactions, chemical reactions, and physical change can be connected. Chemical substances including mixtures, compounds, and elements can be connected.
The structure of matter including exotic matter, common matter, molecular physics, atomic physics, and subatomic physics can be connected. Quantum physics can be connected. Relativity including general relativity and special relativity can be connected. Electromagnetism including optics, magnetism, electric current, and electrostatics can be connected. Thermodynamics including avanced thermodynamics, classical thermodynamics, and statistical mechanics can be connected. Mechanics including gravitation, nonrigid mechanics, rigid body mechanics, and particle mechanics can be connected.