Late 1990s


The late 1990s are till too recent for significant historical perspective. Events here are given year by year, and only a few are included.	Sapience Home Site Map About Sapience History Modern History 20th Century Late 20th Century Year 1996 Year 1997 Year 1998 Year 1999 Year 2000

The late 1990s are till too recent for significant historical perspective. Events here are given year by year, and only a few are included.

1996

1996 Bill Clinton was elected for a second term as President of the United States.
Yeltsin won re-election as President of Russia.
1996 Pakistani Prime Minister Benazir Bhutto was removed from office on charges of corruption
1996 Sheikh Hasina was elected as Prime Minister of Bangladesh.

1997

1997 The US reported a good economy and a low unemployment rate, and a balanced budget for the year.
1997 Labour party took power in United Kingdom. Blair became Prime Minister.
Russia suffered a severe financial crisist.
1997 Former Chinese revolutionary and important leader Den Xiaoping died. The UK handed turned Hong Kong over to rule by China.
1997 K. R. Naranayan was selected as President of India.
1997 Nawaz Sharif was elected as Prime Minister of Pakistan.

1998

1998 US President Bill Clinton was impeached in the Lewinsky affair.
1998 Cardoso was reelected President of Brazil
After a terrorist bombing blamed on Chechen rebels, Russia sent troops in to the second Chechen war.
1998 Schroeder was elected Chancellor of Germany.
1998 Vajpayee became Prime Minister of India. He ordered nuclear tests near the border with Pakistan, which responded within the month later with its own nuclear tests.
1998 Suharto of Indonesia was forced to resign and was succeeded by B. J. Habibie.

1999

1999 US participated in NATO air strikes against Yugoslavia in the Kosovo conflict.
1999 Boris Yeltsin resigned as President of the Russian Federation and named Vladimir Putin to succeed him.
1999. Pervez Musharraf overthrew the government of Nawaz Sharif in in a military coup.
1999 Habibie was in turn forced to resign as President of Indonesia and was succeeded by Abdurrahman Wahid. East Timor gained independence from Indonesia.

2000

2000 George W. Bush was elected President of US. by an extremely narrow margin.
2000 Putin was chosen as President of the Russian Federation in a national election.


Other History Prehistory including early prehistory, middle prehistory, and late prehistory can be connected. Antiquity including the 5th millennium BC, 4th millennium BC, 3rd millennium BC, 2nd millennium BC, and 1st millennium BC can be connected.	Links to other sites: Wikipedia, 1990s
Classical and medieval history Early classical history including the 5th century BC, 4th century BC, 3rd century BC, 2nd century BC, and 1st century BC can be connected.Late classical history including the 1st century CE, 2nd century CE, 3rd century CE, 4th century CE, and 5th century CE can be connected. Early medieval history including the 6th century, 7th century, 8th century, 9th century, and 10th century can be connected Late medieval history including the 11th century, 12th century, 13th century, 14th century, and 15th century can be connected. Other Modern history The 16th century including the early 16th century, early mid 16th century, mid 16th century, late mid 16th century, and late 16th century can be connected. The 17th century including the early 17th century, early mid 17th century, mid 17th century, late mid 17th century, and late 17th century can be connected. The 18th century including the early 18th century, early mid 18th century, mid 18th century, late mid 18th century, and late 18th century can be connected. The 19th century including the early 19th century, early mid 19th century, mid 19th century, late mid 19th century, and late 19th century can be connected. Other 20th century Events of the early 20th century, early mid 20th century, mid 20th century, and late mid 20th century are also useful. Events of this period are continued from the early 1990s including 1996, 1997, 1998, 1999, and 2000. These events are continued into the early 21st century. They are referred to in the early 2000s including 2001, 2002, 2003, and 2004, and 2005, and also the late 2000s, in 2006, 2007, the first and second quarters. 2009 and 2010 can be connected. The early 2010s including 2011 can be connected. They are also connected to the future, including the near, middle, and distant future. Sociology Peoples of the world, communities, and social structure and change can be applied to events of 1996, 1997, 1998, 1999, and 2000. Peoples of the world Nations and major groups of Western civilization, Asiatic peoples, African peoples, and American Indian peoples can be used to examine events of 1996, 1997, 1998, 1999, and 2000 Nations Particular nations include Venezuela, Malaysia, North Korea, Ghana, Yemen, Taiwan, Romania, Mozambique Sri Lanka, Australia, Madagascar, Syria, Cameroon, Cote d'Ivoire, Netherlands, Chile, Kazakhstan, Burkina Faso, Cambodia, Malawi, Ecuador, Niger, Guatemala, Senegal Angola, Zimbabwe, Mali, Zambia, Cuba, Greece, Portugal, Belgium Tunisia, Czech Republic, Guinea, Rwanda. Western civilization Western Civilization so far provides information on events of 1999 and 2000. I do not yet have details of Peru. Cities include Sao Paulo Anglic peoples Anglic peoples may provide some information about the late 1990s. Canada can be connected. New York City can be connected. In the United Kingdom, Tony Blair followed John Major as Prime Minister. The United States (Second term of Clinton administration) is important. Among Latin peoples, Argentina can be connected. Mexico City can be considered. Among Italic peoples, Italy suffered from some government instability. Among French peoples, I do not yet have details of France. Among Hispanic peoples, Spain can be connected. Among Hispanic Mexican American peoples, in Mexico, Ernesto Zedillo was succeded by Vicente Fox Quesada, the first President not a member of the ruling PRI in 71 years. Among Hispanic Colombian American peoples, Colombia can be connected. Among Lusitanic peoples, I have little information on Brazil except that Cardoso was re-elected president. Among Germanic peoples, I do not yet have details of Germany. Among Northeast European peoples, Poland can be connected. In Russia, Boris Yelsin suffered ill health and severe economic and social problems associated with the fall of Communist rule, and was succeeded by Vladimir Putin. I have no details of Ukraine at present. Asiatic peoples Asiatic peoples have a little bit of infomation on events of 2000. Saudi Arabia can be connected. Cities such as Manila are included. Middle Eastern peoples such as those of Iraq can be considered. I do not yet have details of Turkey. I do not yet have details of Egypt. Persian peoples including those of Afghanistan can be connected. Iran can be connected. North African peoples including those of Algeria can be connected. Morocco can be considered. South Asian peoples South Asian peoples may give some information about the late 1990s. Cities such as Delhi and Bombay are connected. These include nations such as India, which was in political turmoil, with three prime ministers serving, one of them twice. In Pakistan Benazir Bhutto was succeded by Nawaz Sharif, who was overthrown in a coup led by Pervez Musharaff. In Bangladesh, Sheikh Hasina was elected Prime Minister. Nepal can be connected. Central Asian peoples including those of parts of China and parts of Russia can be connected. Uzbekistan can be connected. Oriental peoples Oriental peoples may give some information about the late 1990s. China had significant internal development. In Japan political opponents of the LDP were unable to unite and the LDP returned to power. I do not yet have details of South Korea. Cities such as Tokyo and Seoul can be connected. I have little information at present on Southeast Asian peoples. I have no details for Burma. Among Mainland Southeast Asian peoples, I do not yet have details for Thailand. Vietnam can be connected. In the Southeast Asian Archipelagoes, In Indonesia Suharto was deposed. In the Philippines Joseph Estrada was elected as president, but in part due to the Asian financial crisis of 1997, the economy suffered. Estrada was impeached on charges of corruption. African peoples African peoples are less well known. Uganda can be considered. Among East African peoples, Kenya can be connected. Among Northern East African peoples, Ethiopia can be connected. Among Interior East African peoples, Sudan can be connected. Among Central East African peoples, Tanzania can be connected. Among West African peoples, in Nigeria Sani Abacha ruled until 1998 when he died, and a new fourth Republic was set up, with Olusekan Abasamjo as President. Among Southern African peoples, South Africa can be considered. Among Central African peoples, Congo (DR) can be connected. American Indian peoples American Indian peoples so far provide little direct information on the late 1990s in general. I do not yet have details of Argentina Canada, Peru. Cities include Mexico City. Among Middle American peoples, In Mexico I have little information at present. Southwest American Indian peoples of the southestern United States can be connected. Among South American Indians I have little information on Colombia. Amazonian peoples including those of Brazil can be considered. North American Indian peoples can be considered. but some of these are found in the United States. Eastern North American Indian peoples and Western North American Indian peoples can be connected. Communities Communities will be examined as the site expands. These include Los Angeles, Shanghai, Osaka, Calcutta, Karachi, Canton, Jakarta, Cairo. Social structure and change Social structure and change can be applied so far to 1997, 1998, 1999, and 2000. Social change including factors, processes, and particular changes including agricultural revolution, agrarian revolution, and industrial revolution will be significant. Social types including hunting and gathering societies, horticultural societes, agrarian societies, and industrial societies can be considered. Social structure including anthropological structure, cultural structure, institutional structure, class structure, and community and regional structure will be important. Institutions Religion, government, economics, education, and families can be used to examine events of 1996, 1997, 1998, 1999, and 2000. Religion Particular traditions such as Abrahamic religion which includes Christianity, Islam, and Judaism, and Asiatic religion, Secularism, and pagan religion will also be useful. Religious organization as unstructured, fragmented, and highly structured religions will be discussed as the subject develops. Religious practice can be connected. religious belief can be connected. Government will be examined. Law including tribal law, Asiatic law, Western law, and international law can be considered. Government structure including political parties and interest groups, judicial systems, legislative systems, executive systems, heads of government, and forms of government can be connected. Government activity including administration, succession, and state relations can be considered. Particular governments including local, national, and international governments are important. Economics including activities, industries, and economic systems can be considered. Education including research, teaching, cultural institutions, educational organization, and particular schools will be important. Families including marriage, parenting, kinship, and particular families can be connected. Culture Behavioral culture, conceptual culture, and material culture can be used to examine events of 1996, 1997, 1998, 1999, and 2000. Material culture including industrial technology, buildings, foodsuffs, clothing, transportation technology, communication technology, and particular artifacts can be connected. Conceptual culture including language, graphic arts, literature, mathematics, applied science, and philosophy is also important. Behavioral culture is also important. This includes customs, occupations, recreation and entertainment such as games, sports, music, dance, and theater. Cultural events such as miscellaneous events, gatherings, holidans, and disasters are significant. Anthropology Particular groups, human geography, human ecology, physical anthropology, demography, and social foundations can so far be used to examine events of 1997, 1998, 1998, and 2000. Particular groups may be useful. Human geography including European geography, Asian geography, African geographhy, North American geography, South American geography, and Oceanic geography can be connected. Human ecology including effects of the environment on people, relations with other life, and effects of people on the environment can be connected. Physical anthropology including human origins, racial variation, and human dispersion can be connected. Demography including births, deaths, migration, population size and structure, and population change can be connected. Social foundations including social group behavior, social group types, social control, social interactions, and social presentation can be considered. Personal studies Biography can be connected. Psychology including social psychology, personality, mental disorders, developmental psychology, behavior patterns, mind, and behavioral elements can be connected. The human body including form and appearance, human life cycle, disease, body function, and body systems can be connected. Science Biology including biohistory, ecology, systematics, organism biology, cell biology, and molecular biology can be connected. Earth science including geohistory, physical geography, atmospheric science, hydrospheric science, and geology can be connected. Astronomy including cosmology, galactic astronomy, stellar astronomy, and local astronomy can be connected. Chemistry including chemical systems, chemical changes, and chemical substances can be connected. Physics including the strucure of matter, quantum physics, relativity, electromagnetism, thermoodynamics, and mechanics can be connected.

Other History

Prehistory including early prehistory, middle prehistory, and late prehistory can be connected. Antiquity including the 5th millennium BC, 4th millennium BC, 3rd millennium BC, 2nd millennium BC, and 1st millennium BC can be connected.

Links to other sites:

Wikipedia, 1990s

Classical and medieval history

Early classical history including the 5th century BC, 4th century BC, 3rd century BC, 2nd century BC, and 1st century BC can be connected.Late classical history including the 1st century CE, 2nd century CE, 3rd century CE, 4th century CE, and 5th century CE can be connected. Early medieval history including the 6th century, 7th century, 8th century, 9th century, and 10th century can be connected Late medieval history including the 11th century, 12th century, 13th century, 14th century, and 15th century can be connected.

Other Modern history

The 16th century including the early 16th century, early mid 16th century, mid 16th century, late mid 16th century, and late 16th century can be connected. The 17th century including the early 17th century, early mid 17th century, mid 17th century, late mid 17th century, and late 17th century can be connected. The 18th century including the early 18th century, early mid 18th century, mid 18th century, late mid 18th century, and late 18th century can be connected. The 19th century including the early 19th century, early mid 19th century, mid 19th century, late mid 19th century, and late 19th century can be connected.

Other 20th century

Events of the early 20th century, early mid 20th century, mid 20th century, and late mid 20th century are also useful. Events of this period are continued from the early 1990s including 1996, 1997, 1998, 1999, and 2000.

These events are continued into the early 21st century. They are referred to in the early 2000s including 2001, 2002, 2003, and 2004, and 2005, and also the late 2000s, in 2006, 2007, the first and second quarters. 2009 and 2010 can be connected. The early 2010s including 2011 can be connected.

They are also connected to the future, including the near, middle, and distant future.

Sociology

Peoples of the world, communities, and social structure and change can be applied to events of 1996, 1997, 1998, 1999, and 2000.

Peoples of the world

Nations and major groups of Western civilization, Asiatic peoples, African peoples, and American Indian peoples can be used to examine events of 1996, 1997, 1998, 1999, and 2000

Nations

Particular nations include Venezuela, Malaysia, North Korea, Ghana, Yemen, Taiwan, Romania, Mozambique Sri Lanka, Australia, Madagascar, Syria, Cameroon, Cote d'Ivoire, Netherlands, Chile, Kazakhstan, Burkina Faso, Cambodia, Malawi, Ecuador, Niger, Guatemala, Senegal Angola, Zimbabwe, Mali, Zambia, Cuba, Greece, Portugal, Belgium Tunisia, Czech Republic, Guinea, Rwanda.

Western civilization

Western Civilization so far provides information on events of 1999 and 2000. I do not yet have details of Peru. Cities include Sao Paulo

Anglic peoples

Anglic peoples may provide some information about the late 1990s. Canada can be connected. New York City can be connected. In the United Kingdom, Tony Blair followed John Major as Prime Minister. The United States (Second term of Clinton administration) is important.

Among Latin peoples, Argentina can be connected. Mexico City can be considered. Among Italic peoples, Italy suffered from some government instability. Among French peoples, I do not yet have details of France. Among Hispanic peoples, Spain can be connected. Among Hispanic Mexican American peoples, in Mexico, Ernesto Zedillo was succeded by Vicente Fox Quesada, the first President not a member of the ruling PRI in 71 years. Among Hispanic Colombian American peoples, Colombia can be connected. Among Lusitanic peoples, I have little information on Brazil except that Cardoso was re-elected president.

Among Germanic peoples, I do not yet have details of Germany.

Among Northeast European peoples, Poland can be connected. In Russia, Boris Yelsin suffered ill health and severe economic and social problems associated with the fall of Communist rule, and was succeeded by Vladimir Putin. I have no details of Ukraine at present.

Asiatic peoples

Asiatic peoples have a little bit of infomation on events of 2000. Saudi Arabia can be connected. Cities such as Manila are included.

Middle Eastern peoples such as those of Iraq can be considered. I do not yet have details of Turkey. I do not yet have details of Egypt. Persian peoples including those of Afghanistan can be connected. Iran can be connected. North African peoples including those of Algeria can be connected. Morocco can be considered.

South Asian peoples

South Asian peoples may give some information about the late 1990s. Cities such as Delhi and Bombay are connected.

These include nations such as India, which was in political turmoil, with three prime ministers serving, one of them twice. In Pakistan Benazir Bhutto was succeded by Nawaz Sharif, who was overthrown in a coup led by Pervez Musharaff. In Bangladesh, Sheikh Hasina was elected Prime Minister. Nepal can be connected.

Central Asian peoples including those of parts of China and parts of Russia can be connected. Uzbekistan can be connected.

Oriental peoples

Oriental peoples may give some information about the late 1990s.

China had significant internal development. In Japan political opponents of the LDP were unable to unite and the LDP returned to power. I do not yet have details of South Korea. Cities such as Tokyo and Seoul can be connected.

I have little information at present on Southeast Asian peoples. I have no details for Burma. Among Mainland Southeast Asian peoples, I do not yet have details for Thailand. Vietnam can be connected. In the Southeast Asian Archipelagoes, In Indonesia Suharto was deposed. In the Philippines Joseph Estrada was elected as president, but in part due to the Asian financial crisis of 1997, the economy suffered. Estrada was impeached on charges of corruption.

African peoples

African peoples are less well known. Uganda can be considered. Among East African peoples, Kenya can be connected. Among Northern East African peoples, Ethiopia can be connected. Among Interior East African peoples, Sudan can be connected. Among Central East African peoples, Tanzania can be connected. Among West African peoples, in Nigeria Sani Abacha ruled until 1998 when he died, and a new fourth Republic was set up, with Olusekan Abasamjo as President. Among Southern African peoples, South Africa can be considered. Among Central African peoples, Congo (DR) can be connected.

American Indian peoples

American Indian peoples so far provide little direct information on the late 1990s in general.

I do not yet have details of Argentina Canada, Peru. Cities include Mexico City.

Among Middle American peoples, In Mexico I have little information at present. Southwest American Indian peoples of the southestern United States can be connected. Among South American Indians I have little information on Colombia. Amazonian peoples including those of Brazil can be considered. North American Indian peoples can be considered. but some of these are found in the United States. Eastern North American Indian peoples and Western North American Indian peoples can be connected.

Communities

Communities will be examined as the site expands. These include Los Angeles, Shanghai, Osaka, Calcutta, Karachi, Canton, Jakarta, Cairo.

Social structure and change

Social structure and change can be applied so far to 1997, 1998, 1999, and 2000.

Social change including factors, processes, and particular changes including agricultural revolution, agrarian revolution, and industrial revolution will be significant. Social types including hunting and gathering societies, horticultural societes, agrarian societies, and industrial societies can be considered. Social structure including anthropological structure, cultural structure, institutional structure, class structure, and community and regional structure will be important.

Institutions

Religion, government, economics, education, and families can be used to examine events of 1996, 1997, 1998, 1999, and 2000.

Religion

Particular traditions such as Abrahamic religion which includes Christianity, Islam, and Judaism, and Asiatic religion, Secularism, and pagan religion will also be useful. Religious organization as unstructured, fragmented, and highly structured religions will be discussed as the subject develops. Religious practice can be connected. religious belief can be connected.

Government will be examined. Law including tribal law, Asiatic law, Western law, and international law can be considered. Government structure including political parties and interest groups, judicial systems, legislative systems, executive systems, heads of government, and forms of government can be connected. Government activity including administration, succession, and state relations can be considered. Particular governments including local, national, and international governments are important.

Economics including activities, industries, and economic systems can be considered. Education including research, teaching, cultural institutions, educational organization, and particular schools will be important. Families including marriage, parenting, kinship, and particular families can be connected.

Culture

Behavioral culture, conceptual culture, and material culture can be used to examine events of 1996, 1997, 1998, 1999, and 2000.

Material culture including industrial technology, buildings, foodsuffs, clothing, transportation technology, communication technology, and particular artifacts can be connected. Conceptual culture including language, graphic arts, literature, mathematics, applied science, and philosophy is also important. Behavioral culture is also important. This includes customs, occupations, recreation and entertainment such as games, sports, music, dance, and theater. Cultural events such as miscellaneous events, gatherings, holidans, and disasters are significant.

Anthropology

Particular groups, human geography, human ecology, physical anthropology, demography, and social foundations can so far be used to examine events of 1997, 1998, 1998, and 2000.

Particular groups may be useful. Human geography including European geography, Asian geography, African geographhy, North American geography, South American geography, and Oceanic geography can be connected. Human ecology including effects of the environment on people, relations with other life, and effects of people on the environment can be connected. Physical anthropology including human origins, racial variation, and human dispersion can be connected. Demography including births, deaths, migration, population size and structure, and population change can be connected. Social foundations including social group behavior, social group types, social control, social interactions, and social presentation can be considered.

Personal studies

Biography can be connected. Psychology including social psychology, personality, mental disorders, developmental psychology, behavior patterns, mind, and behavioral elements can be connected. The human body including form and appearance, human life cycle, disease, body function, and body systems can be connected.

Science

Biology including biohistory, ecology, systematics, organism biology, cell biology, and molecular biology can be connected. Earth science including geohistory, physical geography, atmospheric science, hydrospheric science, and geology can be connected. Astronomy including cosmology, galactic astronomy, stellar astronomy, and local astronomy can be connected. Chemistry including chemical systems, chemical changes, and chemical substances can be connected. Physics including the strucure of matter, quantum physics, relativity, electromagnetism, thermoodynamics, and mechanics can be connected.