Late 1990s


The late 1990s are till too recent for significant historical perspective. Events here are given year by year, and only a few are included.	Sapience Home Site Map About Sapience History Modern History 20th Century Late 20th Century Year 1996 Year 1997 Year 1998 Year 1999 Year 2000

The late 1990s are till too recent for significant historical perspective. Events here are given year by year, and only a few are included.

1996

1996 Bill Clinton was elected for a second term as President of the United States.
Yeltsin won re-election as President of Russia.
1996 Pakistani Prime Minister Benazir Bhutto was removed from office on charges of corruption
1996 Sheikh Hasina was elected as Prime Minister of Bangladesh.

1997

1997 The US reported a good economy and a low unemployment rate, and a balanced budget for the year.
1997 Labour party took power in United Kingdom. Blair became Prime Minister.
Russia suffered a severe financial crisist.
1997 Former Chinese revolutionary and important leader Den Xiaoping died. The UK handed turned Hong Kong over to rule by China.
1997 K. R. Naranayan was selected as President of India.
1997 Nawaz Sharif was elected as Prime Minister of Pakistan.

1998

1998 US President Bill Clinton was impeached in the Lewinsky affair.
1998 Cardoso was reelected President of Brazil
After a terrorist bombing blamed on Chechen rebels, Russia sent troops in to the second Chechen war.
1998 Schroeder was elected Chancellor of Germany.
1998 Vajpayee became Prime Minister of India. He ordered nuclear tests near the border with Pakistan, which responded within the month later with its own nuclear tests.
1998 Suharto of Indonesia was forced to resign and was succeeded by B. J. Habibie.

1999

1999 US participated in NATO air strikes against Yugoslavia in the Kosovo conflict.
1999 Boris Yeltsin resigned as President of the Russian Federation and named Vladimir Putin to succeed him.
1999. Pervez Musharraf overthrew the government of Nawaz Sharif in in a military coup.
1999 Habibie was in turn forced to resign as President of Indonesia and was succeeded by Abdurrahman Wahid. East Timor gained independence from Indonesia.

2000

2000 George W. Bush was elected President of US. by an extremely narrow margin.
2000 Putin was chosen as President of the Russian Federation in a national election.


Science including physics, chemistry, astronomy, earth science, and biology can be connected. Personal studies including the human body, psychology, and biography can be applied. Anthropology including social foundations will be useful. Demography including births, deaths, migration, population size and structure, and population change can be connected. Physical anthropology including human origins, racial variation, and human dispersion can be connected. Human ecology including effects of the environment on people, relations with other life, and effects of people on the environment can be connected. Human geography including European geography, Asian geography, African geographhy, North American geography, South American geography, and Oceanic geography can be connected. Particular groups may be useful.	Links to other sites: Wikipedia, 1990s
Culture Material culture including industrial technology, buildings, foodsuffs, clothing, transportation technology, communication technology, and particular artifacts can be connected. Conceptual culture including language, graphic arts, literature, mathematics, applied science, and philosophy is also important. Behavioral culture is also important. This includes customs, occupations, recreation and entertainment such as games, sports, music, dance, and theater. Cultural events such as miscellaneous events, gatherings, holidans, and disasters are significant. Institutions Families including marriage, parenting, kinship, and particular families can be connected. Education including research, teaching, cultural institutions, educational organization, and particular schools will be important. Economics including activities, industries, and economic systems can be considered. Government will be examined. Law including tribal law, Asiatic law, Western law, and international law can be considered. Government structure including political parties and interest groups, judicial systems, legislative systems, executive systems, heads of government, and forms of government can be connected. Government activity including administration, succession, and state relations can be considered. Particular governments including local, national, and international governments are important. Religion incuding religious belief and religious practice is important. Religious organization as unstructured, fragmented, and highly structured religions will be discussed as the subject develops. Particular traditions such as Abrahamic religion which includes Christianity, Islam, and Judaism, and Asiatic religion, Secularism, and pagan religion will also be useful. Sociology Social structure and change Social structure including anthropological structure, cultural structure, institutional structure, class structure, and community and regional structure will be important. Social types including hunting and gathering societies, horticultural societes, agrarian societies, and industrial societies can be considered. Social change including factors, processes, and particular changes including agricultural revolution, agrarian revolution, and industrial revolution will be significant. Various communities will be examined as the site expands. These include Delhi. Peoples of the world will be highly significant. This can be examined through particular nations. Particular nations include Vietnam, Germany, Egypt, Ethiopia, Turkey, Iran, Thailand, France, Congo, UK, Italy, South Korea, Myanmar, Ukraine, South Africa, Colombia, Sudan, Spain, Argentina, Poland Western civilization is important. In Mexico, Ernsto Zedillo was succeded by Vicente Fox Quesada, the first President not a member of the ruling PRI in 71 years. Cities include Mexico City, New York City. Anglic peoples are particularly important. The United States (Second term of Clinton administration) is important. Among Latin peoples, I have little information on Brazil except that Cardoso was re-elected president. Among Northeast European peoples, in Russia, Boris Yelsin suffered ill health and severe economic and social problems associated with the fall of Communist rule, and was succeeded by Vladimir Putin. Asiatic peoples are significant. In the Philippines Joseph Estrada was elected as president, but in part due to the Asian financial crisis of 1997, the economy suffered. Estrada was impeached on charges of corruption. Cities such as Bombay are included. South Asian peoples are important. These include nations such as India, which was in political turmoil, with three prime ministers serving, one of them twice. In Pakistan Benazir Bhutto was succeded by Nawaz Sharif, who was overthrown in a coup led by Pervez Musharaff. In Bangladesh, Sheikh Hasina was elected Prime Minister.Oriental peoples are significant, China (internal development) In Japan political opponents of the LDP were unable to unite and the LDP returned to power. Cities such as Tokyo and Seoul can be connected. I have little information at present on Southeast Asian peoples In Indonesia Suharto was deposed. African peoples are less well known. In Nigeria Sani Abacha ruled until 1998 when he died, and a new fourth Republic was set up, with Olusekan Abasamjo as President. American Indian peoples are less well known. In Mexico I have little information at present. Cities include Mexico City. Among South American Indians I have little information on Brazil. North American Indian peoples can be considered. but some of these are found in the United States. Other History Earlier history, including classical and medieval history and modern history up to the 19th century, is indirectly useful here. Events of the 20th century up to the late mid 20th century are also useful. Events of this period are continued from the early 1990s. These events are continued into the early 21st century. They are referred to in the early 2000s including 2001, 2002, 2003, and 2004, and 2005, and also the late 2000s, in 2006, 2007, the first and second quarters. They are also connected to the future, including the near, middle, and distant future.

Science including physics, chemistry, astronomy, earth science, and biology can be connected. Personal studies including the human body, psychology, and biography can be applied.

Anthropology including social foundations will be useful. Demography including births, deaths, migration, population size and structure, and population change can be connected. Physical anthropology including human origins, racial variation, and human dispersion can be connected. Human ecology including effects of the environment on people, relations with other life, and effects of people on the environment can be connected. Human geography including European geography, Asian geography, African geographhy, North American geography, South American geography, and Oceanic geography can be connected. Particular groups may be useful.

Links to other sites:

Wikipedia, 1990s

Culture

Material culture including industrial technology, buildings, foodsuffs, clothing, transportation technology, communication technology, and particular artifacts can be connected. Conceptual culture including language, graphic arts, literature, mathematics, applied science, and philosophy is also important. Behavioral culture is also important. This includes customs, occupations, recreation and entertainment such as games, sports, music, dance, and theater. Cultural events such as miscellaneous events, gatherings, holidans, and disasters are significant.

Institutions

Families including marriage, parenting, kinship, and particular families can be connected. Education including research, teaching, cultural institutions, educational organization, and particular schools will be important. Economics including activities, industries, and economic systems can be considered. Government will be examined. Law including tribal law, Asiatic law, Western law, and international law can be considered. Government structure including political parties and interest groups, judicial systems, legislative systems, executive systems, heads of government, and forms of government can be connected. Government activity including administration, succession, and state relations can be considered. Particular governments including local, national, and international governments are important. Religion incuding religious belief and religious practice is important. Religious organization as unstructured, fragmented, and highly structured religions will be discussed as the subject develops. Particular traditions such as Abrahamic religion which includes Christianity, Islam, and Judaism, and Asiatic religion, Secularism, and pagan religion will also be useful.

Sociology

Social structure and change

Social structure including anthropological structure, cultural structure, institutional structure, class structure, and community and regional structure will be important. Social types including hunting and gathering societies, horticultural societes, agrarian societies, and industrial societies can be considered. Social change including factors, processes, and particular changes including agricultural revolution, agrarian revolution, and industrial revolution will be significant.

Various communities will be examined as the site expands. These include Delhi.

Peoples of the world will be highly significant. This can be examined through particular nations. Particular nations include Vietnam, Germany, Egypt, Ethiopia, Turkey, Iran, Thailand, France, Congo, UK, Italy, South Korea, Myanmar, Ukraine, South Africa, Colombia, Sudan, Spain, Argentina, Poland

Western civilization is important. In Mexico, Ernsto Zedillo was succeded by Vicente Fox Quesada, the first President not a member of the ruling PRI in 71 years. Cities include Mexico City, New York City. Anglic peoples are particularly important. The United States (Second term of Clinton administration) is important. Among Latin peoples, I have little information on Brazil except that Cardoso was re-elected president. Among Northeast European peoples, in Russia, Boris Yelsin suffered ill health and severe economic and social problems associated with the fall of Communist rule, and was succeeded by Vladimir Putin.

Asiatic peoples are significant. In the Philippines Joseph Estrada was elected as president, but in part due to the Asian financial crisis of 1997, the economy suffered. Estrada was impeached on charges of corruption. Cities such as Bombay are included. South Asian peoples are important. These include nations such as India, which was in political turmoil, with three prime ministers serving, one of them twice. In Pakistan Benazir Bhutto was succeded by Nawaz Sharif, who was overthrown in a coup led by Pervez Musharaff. In Bangladesh, Sheikh Hasina was elected Prime Minister.Oriental peoples are significant, China (internal development) In Japan political opponents of the LDP were unable to unite and the LDP returned to power. Cities such as Tokyo and Seoul can be connected. I have little information at present on Southeast Asian peoples In Indonesia Suharto was deposed.

African peoples are less well known. In Nigeria Sani Abacha ruled until 1998 when he died, and a new fourth Republic was set up, with Olusekan Abasamjo as President.

American Indian peoples are less well known. In Mexico I have little information at present. Cities include Mexico City. Among South American Indians I have little information on Brazil. North American Indian peoples can be considered. but some of these are found in the United States.

Other History

Earlier history, including classical and medieval history and modern history up to the 19th century, is indirectly useful here. Events of the 20th century up to the late mid 20th century are also useful. Events of this period are continued from the early 1990s.

These events are continued into the early 21st century. They are referred to in the early 2000s including 2001, 2002, 2003, and 2004, and 2005, and also the late 2000s, in 2006, 2007, the first and second quarters. They are also connected to the future, including the near, middle, and distant future.