Late 1980s


The late 1980s are till too recent for significant historical perspective. Events here are given year by year, and only a few are included.	Sapience Home Site Map About Sapience History Modern History 20th Century Late 20th Century

The late 1980s are till too recent for significant historical perspective. Events here are given year by year, and only a few are included.

1986

1986 Mitterand loses Parliamentary majority in French National Assembly and Chirac becomes Prime minister for two years.

1987

1987 Gorbachev calls for "opennness" (glasnost) and economic restructuring (perestroika) of USSR, and begins a liberalization process.

1988

1988 George H.W. Bush elected as 41st US President.

1988 Mitterand reelected as President of France.

1989

1989 "Velvet revolution", comparatively nonviolent collapse of Communist governments in Eastern Europe, symbolized by removal of Berlin wall.

1990

1990 Major succeeds Thatcher as Prime Minister of the United Kingdom.


Connections of science including physics, chemistry, astronomy, earth science, and biology will be useful. Personal studies including the human body, psychology, and biography will be useful. Anthropology including social foundations, demography, and physical anthropology can be connected. Human ecology including influence of the environment on people, relations wit other life, and influence of people on the environment can be connected. Human geography including European geography, Asian geography, African geography, North American geography, South American geography, and Oceanic geography can be connected. Particular groups can be connected.	Links to other sites: Not yet avaiilable
Culture Material culture including industrial technology, building technology, foodstuffs, clothing, transportation technology, communication technology, and other artifacts is also significant. Conceptual culture including language, graphic arts, literature, mathematics, applied science, and philosophy can be considered. Behavioral culture including customs, occupations, recreation and entertainment, and cultural events can be connected. Institutions Families including marriage, parenting, kinship, and particular families wlll be useful. Education including research, teaching, cultural institutions, educational organization, and schools will be important. Economics including economic activity, industries, and economic systems are important. Government including law and government structure will be vital. Government activity including administration, succession, and state relations can be connected. Particular governments including local government, national government, and international government can be connected. Religion including religious belief, practice, and organization will also be useful. Particular religious traditions including Abrahamic religion, Asiatic religion, pagan religion, and secularism can be considered. Sociology Social structure and change Social structure including anthropological structure, cultural structure, institutional structure, class structure, and community and regional structure is significant. Social types including hunting and gathering societies, horticultural societies, agrarian socities, and industrial societies will be important. Social change including social change factors, processes, and particular changes can be examined. Communities such as New York City, Bombay, Delhi, Sao Paulo, and Shanghai are also significant. This period depends heavily on peoples of the world. Particular nations such as Mexico, the Philippines, Vietnam, Germany, Egypt, and Ethiopia can be examined and distributed. Western Civilization is significant. In Russia a liberalization and reform movement was initiated by Gorbachev. Cities include Mexico City. Anglic peoples which include the United States ( In which George HW Bush succeded Ronald Reagan as President). Among Latin peoples, in Brazil Neves' elected vice president Jose Sarney headed a civilian government. Fernando Collor de Mello became the first popularly elected president in decades. Asiatic peoples are important. In Japan Prime Minister Yasuhiro was influential, and named a successor Takeshita Noboru. The same day, the Japanese stock market crashed. Emperor Hirohito died and was succeded by his son Akihito. Cities including Seoul are also significant. Among South Asian peoples, in India Rajiv Gandhi began to liberalize the economy, supported the government of Sri Lanka against a revolt, and improved relations with the United States. In Pakistan, the military government of Muhammad Zia-ul-Haq was replaced by a civilian government led by Benazir Bhutto when Zia died in a plane crash. Bhutto was later removed from office, and Nawaz Sharif elected in her place. In Bangladesh, Ershad contined to rule, though there was subtantial and increasing political unrest. Asiatic peoples include Oriental peoples such as China (In which a pro-democracy demonstration in Beijing was supressed). Cities include Tokyo. Among Southeast Asian peoples, in Indonesia, Suharto continued to lead. African peoples are significant. In Nigeria Ibrahim Babangida continued to head the military government. American Indian peoples including those found in the United States ( In which George HW Bush succeded Ronald Reagan as President) and Brazil are less directly useful. Cities include Mexico City. Earlier history, including classical and medieval history and modern history up to the 19th century, is indirectly useful here. Events of the 20th century up to the late mid 20th century are also useful. Events are continued from the early 1980s. Events are also continued into the early 1990s. This period is being studied in the early 21st century, including the early 2000s and the late 2000s.

Connections of science including physics, chemistry, astronomy, earth science, and biology will be useful. Personal studies including the human body, psychology, and biography will be useful. Anthropology including social foundations, demography, and physical anthropology can be connected. Human ecology including influence of the environment on people, relations wit other life, and influence of people on the environment can be connected. Human geography including European geography, Asian geography, African geography, North American geography, South American geography, and Oceanic geography can be connected. Particular groups can be connected.

Links to other sites: Not yet avaiilable

Culture

Material culture including industrial technology, building technology, foodstuffs, clothing, transportation technology, communication technology, and other artifacts is also significant. Conceptual culture including language, graphic arts, literature, mathematics, applied science, and philosophy can be considered. Behavioral culture including customs, occupations, recreation and entertainment, and cultural events can be connected.

Institutions

Families including marriage, parenting, kinship, and particular families wlll be useful. Education including research, teaching, cultural institutions, educational organization, and schools will be important. Economics including economic activity, industries, and economic systems are important. Government including law and government structure will be vital. Government activity including administration, succession, and state relations can be connected. Particular governments including local government, national government, and international government can be connected. Religion including religious belief, practice, and organization will also be useful. Particular religious traditions including Abrahamic religion, Asiatic religion, pagan religion, and secularism can be considered.

Sociology

Social structure and change

Social structure including anthropological structure, cultural structure, institutional structure, class structure, and community and regional structure is significant. Social types including hunting and gathering societies, horticultural societies, agrarian socities, and industrial societies will be important. Social change including social change factors, processes, and particular changes can be examined.

Communities such as New York City, Bombay, Delhi, Sao Paulo, and Shanghai are also significant.

This period depends heavily on peoples of the world. Particular nations such as Mexico, the Philippines, Vietnam, Germany, Egypt, and Ethiopia can be examined and distributed.

Western Civilization is significant. In Russia a liberalization and reform movement was initiated by Gorbachev. Cities include Mexico City. Anglic peoples which include the United States ( In which George HW Bush succeded Ronald Reagan as President). Among Latin peoples, in Brazil Neves' elected vice president Jose Sarney headed a civilian government. Fernando Collor de Mello became the first popularly elected president in decades.

Asiatic peoples are important. In Japan Prime Minister Yasuhiro was influential, and named a successor Takeshita Noboru. The same day, the Japanese stock market crashed. Emperor Hirohito died and was succeded by his son Akihito. Cities including Seoul are also significant. Among South Asian peoples, in India Rajiv Gandhi began to liberalize the economy, supported the government of Sri Lanka against a revolt, and improved relations with the United States. In Pakistan, the military government of Muhammad Zia-ul-Haq was replaced by a civilian government led by Benazir Bhutto when Zia died in a plane crash. Bhutto was later removed from office, and Nawaz Sharif elected in her place. In Bangladesh, Ershad contined to rule, though there was subtantial and increasing political unrest. Asiatic peoples include Oriental peoples such as China (In which a pro-democracy demonstration in Beijing was supressed). Cities include Tokyo. Among Southeast Asian peoples, in Indonesia, Suharto continued to lead.

African peoples are significant. In Nigeria Ibrahim Babangida continued to head the military government.

American Indian peoples including those found in the United States ( In which George HW Bush succeded Ronald Reagan as President) and Brazil are less directly useful. Cities include Mexico City.

Earlier history, including classical and medieval history and modern history up to the 19th century, is indirectly useful here. Events of the 20th century up to the late mid 20th century are also useful. Events are continued from the early 1980s.

Events are also continued into the early 1990s. This period is being studied in the early 21st century, including the early 2000s and the late 2000s.