Early 1980s


The early 1980s are till too recent for significant historical perspective. Events here are given year by year, and only a few are included.	Sapience Home Site Map About Sapience History Modern History 20th Century Late 20th Century

The early 1980s are till too recent for significant historical perspective. Events here are given year by year, and only a few are included.

1981

1981 Mitterand, leader of a Socialist-Communist coalition, is elected President of France, defeating Chirac.

1982

1983

1984

1984 Reagan reelected as US President.

1985

1985 Gorbachev becomes leader of USSR.


Science including physics, chemistry, astronomy, earth science, and biology can be considered. Personal studies including the humam body, psychology, and biography can be connected. Anthropology including social foundations, demography, physical anthropology, and human ecology can be connected. Human geography including European geography, Asian geography, African geography, North American geography, South American geography, and Oceanic geography will be useful. Particular groups can be connected.	Links to other sites: Not yet available
Culture Material culture including industrial technology, building technology, foodstuffs, clothing, transportation technology, communication technology, and other artifacts will be significant. Conceptual culture including language, graphic arts, literature, mathematics, applied science, and philosophy can be connected. Behavioral culture including customs, occupations, recreation and entertainment, and cultural events can be connected. Institutions Families including marriage, parenting, kinship, and particular families can be connected. Education including research, teaching, cultural institutions, educational organization, and schools will be important. Economics including economic activities, industries, and economic systems can be connected. Government including law, government structure, and government activity is important. Particular governments including local government, national government, and international government can be connected. Religion including religious beliefs, practice, and organization can be connected. Religious traditions including Abrahamic religion, Asiatic religion, pagan religion, and secularism can be connectec. Sociology Social structure and change Social structure including anthropological structure, cultural structure, institutional structure, class structure, and community and regional structure will be important. Social types including hunting and gathering societies, horticultural societies, agrarian societies, and industrial societies can be connected. Social change including change factors, processes, and particular changes can be examined. Communities such as Mexico City and New York City are important. Peoples are also important. Particular nations such as Japan, Mexico, the Philippines, Germany, Egypt, and Ethiopia can be used to analyze peoples. Western civilization will be important. In Russia. Brezhnev died, and was succeeded by Yuri Andropov, then Constantin Chernenko, and Mikhail Gorbachev. Among Latin peoples, in Brazil the military government led by Figuieredo ruled with decreasing efficiency, and an electoral collage selected Tancredo Neves as the next president. He died before taking office. Among Anglic peoples, in the United States, Ronald Reagan had an important influence. Among Asiatic peoples, in Bangladesh following the assassination of Ziaur Rahman (Zia) a military government was headed by H.M. Ershad, though Khaleda Zia, the widow of Zia, was also politically important. Cities include Tokyo and Seoul. Among South Asian peoples, in India Indira Ghandi met with considerable unrest, and after ordering a raid on a Sikh temple, was assassinated by some of her own Sikh bodyguards. Pakistan was ruled by the military government of Muhammad Zia-ul-Haq. Among Oriental peoples, in China there was substantial economic liberalization. Among Southeast Asian peoples, Suharto led Indonesia. African peoples can be connected. In Nigeria, the republican president Alhaji Shehu Shagari was overthown by a military coup and was suceeded by General Muhammadu Buhari. He, in turn, was overthrown by Ibrahaim Babangida. In American Indian peoples, the United States and Brazil will have some details. Earlier history through including classical and medieval history and modern history up to the 19th century, is only indirectly useful here. This is part of the 20th century. Events are continued from the late mid 20th century, particularly the late 1970s. They are followed by and continue into the late 1980s. The future is obscure.

Science including physics, chemistry, astronomy, earth science, and biology can be considered. Personal studies including the humam body, psychology, and biography can be connected. Anthropology including social foundations, demography, physical anthropology, and human ecology can be connected. Human geography including European geography, Asian geography, African geography, North American geography, South American geography, and Oceanic geography will be useful. Particular groups can be connected.

Links to other sites: Not yet available

Culture

Material culture including industrial technology, building technology, foodstuffs, clothing, transportation technology, communication technology, and other artifacts will be significant. Conceptual culture including language, graphic arts, literature, mathematics, applied science, and philosophy can be connected. Behavioral culture including customs, occupations, recreation and entertainment, and cultural events can be connected.

Institutions

Families including marriage, parenting, kinship, and particular families can be connected. Education including research, teaching, cultural institutions, educational organization, and schools will be important. Economics including economic activities, industries, and economic systems can be connected. Government including law, government structure, and government activity is important. Particular governments including local government, national government, and international government can be connected. Religion including religious beliefs, practice, and organization can be connected. Religious traditions including Abrahamic religion, Asiatic religion, pagan religion, and secularism can be connectec.

Sociology

Social structure and change

Social structure including anthropological structure, cultural structure, institutional structure, class structure, and community and regional structure will be important. Social types including hunting and gathering societies, horticultural societies, agrarian societies, and industrial societies can be connected. Social change including change factors, processes, and particular changes can be examined.

Communities such as Mexico City and New York City are important.

Peoples are also important. Particular nations such as Japan, Mexico, the Philippines, Germany, Egypt, and Ethiopia can be used to analyze peoples.

Western civilization will be important. In Russia. Brezhnev died, and was succeeded by Yuri Andropov, then Constantin Chernenko, and Mikhail Gorbachev. Among Latin peoples, in Brazil the military government led by Figuieredo ruled with decreasing efficiency, and an electoral collage selected Tancredo Neves as the next president. He died before taking office. Among Anglic peoples, in the United States, Ronald Reagan had an important influence.

Among Asiatic peoples, in Bangladesh following the assassination of Ziaur Rahman (Zia) a military government was headed by H.M. Ershad, though Khaleda Zia, the widow of Zia, was also politically important. Cities include Tokyo and Seoul. Among South Asian peoples, in India Indira Ghandi met with considerable unrest, and after ordering a raid on a Sikh temple, was assassinated by some of her own Sikh bodyguards. Pakistan was ruled by the military government of Muhammad Zia-ul-Haq. Among Oriental peoples, in China there was substantial economic liberalization. Among Southeast Asian peoples, Suharto led Indonesia.

African peoples can be connected. In Nigeria, the republican president Alhaji Shehu Shagari was overthown by a military coup and was suceeded by General Muhammadu Buhari. He, in turn, was overthrown by Ibrahaim Babangida.

In American Indian peoples, the United States and Brazil will have some details.

Earlier history through including classical and medieval history and modern history up to the 19th century, is only indirectly useful here. This is part of the 20th century. Events are continued from the late mid 20th century, particularly the late 1970s.

They are followed by and continue into the late 1980s. The future is obscure.