2008


This includes events of 2008	Sapience Home Site Map About Sapience History Modern History 20th Century Early 21st Century Late 2000s 1st quarter 2008 2nd quarter 2008 3rd quarter 2008 4th quarter 2008

This includes events of 2008

First quarter 2008

I do not yet have analyzed events for January, February, or March.

Second quarter 2008

I do not yet have analyzed events for April or May. In June there were diplomatic talks between China and Taiwan to improve cross-strait relations.

In July there was a G8 summit meeting and a US-India treaty regarding nuclear weapons was signed. In August the South Ossetia war between Russia and Georgia broke out. The Summer Olympic games were conducted in China. Pervez Musharraff resigned as President of Pakistan. In September The failure of several large banks and corporations in the United States signaled a global financial crisis. the South Ossetia war subsided. In Pakistan, Asif Ali Zardari was selected as President. In China, a third manned spaceflight was conducted, and a major scandal involving milk products surfaced. Japanese Prime Minister Yasuo Fukuda resigned and was succeeded by Taro Aso. In Nigeria, opposition groups attacked oil production facilities.

Fourth quarter 2008

In October the global financial crisis continued and deepened. In November, Barak Obama was elected President of the United States.


Science Physics and chemistry can be connected. Astronomy including solar system astronomy, stellar atronomy, galactic astronomy, and cosmology can be connected. Earth science including geology, hydrospheric science, atmospheric science, physical geography, and geohistory can be connected. Biology including molecular biology, cell biology, organism biology, systematics, ecology, and biohistory can be connected.	Links to other sites
Personal studies The human body including body systems, body function, human life cycle, disease, and human form and appearance can be connected. Psychology including behavioral elements, mind, behavior patterns, developmental psychology, mental disorders, pesonality, and social psychology can be connected. Biography can also be connected. Anthropology Social foundations including social presentation, social interaction, social control, group types, and group behavior is needed. Demography including births, deaths, migration, population size and structure, and population change seems to be less directly useful. Physical anthropology including human origins, racial variation, and human dispersion can be connected. Human ecology with environmental influence on people, other life, and human influence on the environment can be connected. Human geography including European geography, Asian geography, African geography, North American geography, South American geography, and Oceanic geography will be useful. Particular groups can be connected. Culture Material culture including industrial technology, building technology, foodstuffs, clothing, transportation technology, communication technology, and other artifacts can be considered. Conceptual culture including language, graphic arts, literature, mathematics, applied science, and philosophy can be connected. Behavioral culture including customs, occupations, recreation and entertainment, and cultural events is also significant. Institutions Families including marriage, parenting, kinship, and particular families can be examined. Education including research and teaching can be connected. Cultural institutions such as museums, libraries, and performance venues can be connected. Educational organization including course material, students, faculty, and administration can be connected. Schools including primary schools, secondary schools, and higher education can be connected. Economics can be considered. Economic activity including production, distribution, and consumption can be connected. Industries connected to companies and including agriculture, extraction and manufacturing, building construction, social and medical service industries, transportion, communication, and commercial and financial services can be connected. Economic systems including firms, networks, system types, and system behavior can be connected. Government is important. Law including tribal law, Asiatic law, Western law, and institutional law can be considered. Government structure including political parties and interest groups, judicial systems, legislative systems, executive systems, heads of state, and government forms can be connected. Government activity including administration, succession, and state relations can be considered. Particular governments including local government, national government, and international government can be connected. Religion including religious beliefs, practice, and organization can be examined. Particular religious traditions including Abrahamic religion, Asiatic religion, pagan religion, and secularism can be considered Sociology Social structure and change Social structure including anthropological structure, cultural structure, institutional structure, class structure, and community and regional structure can be considered. Social types including hunting and gathering societies, horticultural societies, agrarian societies, and industrial societies can also be considered. Social change including social change factors can be examined. Social change processes such as innovation, transmission, adaptation, and extinction can be connected. Particular changes such as the agricultural revolution, agrarian revolution and industrial revolution can be considered. Communities including Karachi, Canton, Jakarta, and Cairo can be connected. Peoples of the world can be considered. This is also connected to particular nations, beginning with Spain, Argentina, Poland, Tanzania, Kenya, Morocco, Canada, Algeria, Afghanistan, Peru, Nepal, Uganda, Uzbekistan, Saudi Arabia, Iraq, Venezuela, Malaysia, North Korea, Taiwan, Ghana, Romania, Yemen, Australia, Sri Lanka, Mozambique, Syria, Madagascar Ivory Coast, Cameroon, Netherlands, Chile, Kazakhstan, Burkina Faso, Cambodia, Ecuador. In Western Civilization including Colombia and cities such as Los Angeles can be connected. Anglic peoples such as those of the United States and the UK and cities such as New York City are important; Latin peoples such as those Italy with cities such as Sao Paulo; French peoples including those of France; Hispanic peoples such as those of Mexico and cities such as Mexico City; and Lusitanic peoples such as those of Brazil can be considered. Northeast European peoples such as those of Russia and Ukraine can be considered. Germanic peoples including those of Germany can be considered. These can be further subdivided into Asiatic peoples including the nation of Myanmar. Cities include Calcutta. Middle Eastern peoples including those of Egypt, Turkey, and Iran are also important. South Asian peoples including those in India with its city of Delhi, Pakistan, and Bangladesh have been important. Cities including Bombay can be recognized. Oriental peoples including China with its city of Shanghai; Japan with its city of Tokyo; and South Korea with its city of Seoul have been significant. Cities include Osaka. Southeast Asian peoples including those in Indonesia, Philippines, Vietnam, and Thailand are important. Cities including Manila can be considered. African peoples are being considered through nations such as Sudan. East African peoples such as those of Ethiopia can be connected. West African peoples such as those of Nigeria are also connected. Southern African peoples such as those of South Africa can be connected. Central African peoples such as those of Congo (DR) can be considered. American Indian peoples such as those of Colombia can be considered. Meso-American Indian peoples including those of Mexico can be considered. South American Indians such as are found in Brazil and North American Indians such as are found in the United States can be considered. History Connections to other periods of history through classical and medieval times are weak. Other periods of modern history through the 19th century are also weakly connected. The 20th century through the late 20th century is also somewhat weakly connected. Within the early 21st century, this is not directly connected to the early 2000s. In the late 2000s, it is preceded by 2007 The future is not yet well examined. The near future including next month with November 2008 and December 2008, next quarter with January 2009, February 2009, and March 2009 and next year is important. The middle future and far future are not yet closely examined.

Science

Physics and chemistry can be connected. Astronomy including solar system astronomy, stellar atronomy, galactic astronomy, and cosmology can be connected. Earth science including geology, hydrospheric science, atmospheric science, physical geography, and geohistory can be connected. Biology including molecular biology, cell biology, organism biology, systematics, ecology, and biohistory can be connected.

Links to other sites

Personal studies

The human body including body systems, body function, human life cycle, disease, and human form and appearance can be connected. Psychology including behavioral elements, mind, behavior patterns, developmental psychology, mental disorders, pesonality, and social psychology can be connected. Biography can also be connected.

Anthropology

Social foundations including social presentation, social interaction, social control, group types, and group behavior is needed. Demography including births, deaths, migration, population size and structure, and population change seems to be less directly useful. Physical anthropology including human origins, racial variation, and human dispersion can be connected. Human ecology with environmental influence on people, other life, and human influence on the environment can be connected. Human geography including European geography, Asian geography, African geography, North American geography, South American geography, and Oceanic geography will be useful. Particular groups can be connected.

Culture

Material culture including industrial technology, building technology, foodstuffs, clothing, transportation technology, communication technology, and other artifacts can be considered. Conceptual culture including language, graphic arts, literature, mathematics, applied science, and philosophy can be connected. Behavioral culture including customs, occupations, recreation and entertainment, and cultural events is also significant.

Institutions

Families including marriage, parenting, kinship, and particular families can be examined. Education including research and teaching can be connected. Cultural institutions such as museums, libraries, and performance venues can be connected. Educational organization including course material, students, faculty, and administration can be connected. Schools including primary schools, secondary schools, and higher education can be connected. Economics can be considered. Economic activity including production, distribution, and consumption can be connected. Industries connected to companies and including agriculture, extraction and manufacturing, building construction, social and medical service industries, transportion, communication, and commercial and financial services can be connected. Economic systems including firms, networks, system types, and system behavior can be connected. Government is important. Law including tribal law, Asiatic law, Western law, and institutional law can be considered. Government structure including political parties and interest groups, judicial systems, legislative systems, executive systems, heads of state, and government forms can be connected. Government activity including administration, succession, and state relations can be considered. Particular governments including local government, national government, and international government can be connected. Religion including religious beliefs, practice, and organization can be examined. Particular religious traditions including Abrahamic religion, Asiatic religion, pagan religion, and secularism can be considered

Sociology

Social structure and change

Social structure including anthropological structure, cultural structure, institutional structure, class structure, and community and regional structure can be considered. Social types including hunting and gathering societies, horticultural societies, agrarian societies, and industrial societies can also be considered. Social change including social change factors can be examined. Social change processes such as innovation, transmission, adaptation, and extinction can be connected. Particular changes such as the agricultural revolution, agrarian revolution and industrial revolution can be considered.

Communities including Karachi, Canton, Jakarta, and Cairo can be connected.

Peoples of the world can be considered. This is also connected to particular nations, beginning with Spain, Argentina, Poland, Tanzania, Kenya, Morocco, Canada, Algeria, Afghanistan, Peru, Nepal, Uganda, Uzbekistan, Saudi Arabia, Iraq, Venezuela, Malaysia, North Korea, Taiwan, Ghana, Romania, Yemen, Australia, Sri Lanka, Mozambique, Syria, Madagascar Ivory Coast, Cameroon, Netherlands, Chile, Kazakhstan, Burkina Faso, Cambodia, Ecuador.

In Western Civilization including Colombia and cities such as Los Angeles can be connected. Anglic peoples such as those of the United States and the UK and cities such as New York City are important; Latin peoples such as those Italy with cities such as Sao Paulo; French peoples including those of France; Hispanic peoples such as those of Mexico and cities such as Mexico City; and Lusitanic peoples such as those of Brazil can be considered. Northeast European peoples such as those of Russia and Ukraine can be considered. Germanic peoples including those of Germany can be considered.

These can be further subdivided into Asiatic peoples including the nation of Myanmar. Cities include Calcutta. Middle Eastern peoples including those of Egypt, Turkey, and Iran are also important. South Asian peoples including those in India with its city of Delhi, Pakistan, and Bangladesh have been important. Cities including Bombay can be recognized. Oriental peoples including China with its city of Shanghai; Japan with its city of Tokyo; and South Korea with its city of Seoul have been significant. Cities include Osaka. Southeast Asian peoples including those in Indonesia, Philippines, Vietnam, and Thailand are important. Cities including Manila can be considered.

African peoples are being considered through nations such as Sudan. East African peoples such as those of Ethiopia can be connected. West African peoples such as those of Nigeria are also connected. Southern African peoples such as those of South Africa can be connected. Central African peoples such as those of Congo (DR) can be considered.

American Indian peoples such as those of Colombia can be considered. Meso-American Indian peoples including those of Mexico can be considered. South American Indians such as are found in Brazil and North American Indians such as are found in the United States can be considered.

History

Connections to other periods of history through classical and medieval times are weak. Other periods of modern history through the 19th century are also weakly connected. The 20th century through the late 20th century is also somewhat weakly connected. Within the early 21st century, this is not directly connected to the early 2000s. In the late 2000s, it is preceded by 2007

The future is not yet well examined. The near future including next month with November 2008 and December 2008, next quarter with January 2009, February 2009, and March 2009 and next year is important. The middle future and far future are not yet closely examined.