2008 - fourth quarter


This includes events of the fourth quarter 2008.	Sapience Home Site Map About Sapience History Modern History 20th Century Early 21st Century Late 2000s 2008 October November December

This includes events of the fourth quarter 2008.

October

The global financial crisis continued and deepened, and various indicators showed the US entering into an economic recession. The Dow Jones Industrial Average stock marked index showed some significant drops. India successfully launched a lunar research spacecraft.

November

Barak Obama was elected President of the United States.

December

I do not yet have details for December.


Other history This is only weakly connected to earlier history through classical and medieval times. It is also weakly connected to moden history through the 19th century. It is indirectly connected to the 20th century through the late 20th century. It is somewhat connected to the early 2000s. It is preceded by 2007. Within 2008, it is directly preceded by the third quarter. It is also connected to the future, including the near future with next month including future events of November and December 2008, next quarter including January 2009, February 2009, and March 2009, and next year and to the middle future, and far future.	Links to other sites
Sociology Peoples Nations include Peru, Uzbekistan, Iraq, Saudi Arabia, Venezuela, Malaysia, North Korea, Ghana, Yemen, Taiwan, Romania, Mozambique, Sri Lanka, Australia, Madagascar, Syria, Cameroon, Cote d'ivorie, Netherlands, Chile, Kazaknstan, Burkina Faso, Cambodia, Malawi Western Civilization includes Canada. Western cities such as Los Angeles can be connected. Anglic peoples including the United Kingdom and the United States can be connected. Anglic cities such as New York City are also significant. Latin peoples including those of Spain and Latin cities such as Sao Paulo can be connected. Italic peoples such as those of Italy can be connected. French peoples such as those of France can be connected. Hispanic peoples such as those of Argentina can be connected. Hispanic cities such as Mexico City can also be connected. Hispanic Mexican American peoples such as those of Mexico can be connected. Hispanic Colombian American peoples including Colombia can be considered. Lusitanic peoples including those of Brazil can be connected. Northeast European peoples such as those of Russia, Ukraine, and Poland can be connected. Germanic peoples including those of Germany can be connected. Asiatic peoples can be examined. Those of Nepal can be connected. Asiatic cities such as Osaka can be considered. Among Middle Eastern peoples, Afghanistan can be considered. Egypt, and Turkey can be connected. Persian peoples such as those of Iran will be important. North African peoples such as those of Morocco and Algeria can be connected. Among South Asian peoples, those of India with cities such as Delhi can be connected. Those of Pakistan can be connected. Those of Bangladesh can be connected. South Asian cities such as Bombay can be connected. Oriental peoples such as China, Japan with its city of Tokyo, and South Korea can be considered. Oriental cities such as Seoul and Shanghai can be considered. Among Southeast Asian peoples, those of Burma can be connected. Southeast Asian cities such as Manila can be connected. Southeast Asian Achipelagoes including peoples of Indonesia and the Philippines can be connected. Peoples of Mainland Southeast Asia including Vietnam and Thailand can be connected African peoples including those of Uganda, can be connected. East African peoples such as those of Ethiopia, Sudan, Tanzania, and Kenya can be connected. West African peoples such as tnose of Nigeria can be considered. Central African peoples such as those of Congo (DR) can be connected. Southern African peoples such as those of South Africa are significant. American Indian peoples such as those found in Canada are less directly significant. Middle American Indianpeoples such as those of Mexico are prominent. South American Indian peoples such as those of Brazil, Colombia, and Argentina can be connected. North American peoples such as those found in the United States can also be connected. Communities such as Calcutta, Karachi, Canton, Jakarta, and Cairo can be connected. Social structure and change Social change including social change factors, and social change processes can be connected. Social movements such as the agricultural revolution, agrarian revolution, and industrial revolution can be considered. Social types including hunting and gathering societies, horticultural societies, agrarian societies, and industrial societies can be considered. Social structure including anthropological structure, cultural structure, institutional structure, class structure, and community and regional structure will be important. Institutions Family including marriage, parenting, kinship, and particular families can be connected. Education including research and teaching can be connected. Cultural institutions including museums, libraries, and performance venues can be connected. Educational organization including course materials, students, faculty, and administration can be connected. Schools including primary education, secondary education, and higher education can be connected. Economics including can be connected. Economic activity including production, distribution and exchange, and consumption can be considered. Industry including companies, agriculture, extraction and manufacturing, building, social and medical services, transportation, communication, and commercial and financial services can be connected. Economic systems including firms, networks, economic system types, and economic system behavior can be considered. Government can be connected. Law including tribal law, Asiatic law, Western law, and international law can be considered. Government structure including political parties and interest groups, judicial systems, legislative systems, executive systems, heads of state, and forms of government can be considered. Government activity including succession, administration, and state relations can be considered. Particular governments including local government, national government, and international government can be connected. Religion including religious belief, religious practice, and religious organization can be connected. Religious traditions including Abrahamic religion, Asiatic religion, African religion, pagan religion, and secularism can be connected. Culture Material culture including industrial technology, building technology, foodstuffs, clothing, transportation technology, communication technology, and other artifact can be connected. Conceptual culture including language, graphic arts, literature, mathematics, applied science, and philosophy can be connected. Behavioral culture including customs, occupations, and cultural events can be connected. Anthropology Social foundations including social presentation, social interactions, social control, social group types, and social group behavior can be connected. Demography including births, deaths, migration, population size and structure, and population change can be connected. Physical anthropology including human origins, racial variation, and human dispersion can be connected. Human ecology including effects of the environment on people, relations with other life, and effects of people on the environment can be connected. Human geography including European geogrpahy, Asian geography, African geography, North American geography, South American geography, and Oceanic geography can be connected. Particular groups can be connected. Personal studies The human body including body systems, body function, human life cycle, disease, and form and appearance can be connected. Psychology including behavioral elements, mind, behavior patterns, developmental psychology, mental disorders, personality, and social psychology can be connected. Biography can be connected. Science Physics and chemistry can be connected. Astronomy including solar system astronomy, stellar astronomy, galactic astronomy, and cosmology can perhaps be connected. Earth science including geology, hydrospheric science, atmospheric science, physical geography, and geohistory can be connected. Biology including molecular biology, cell biology, organism biology, systematics, ecology, and biohistory can be connected.

Other history

This is only weakly connected to earlier history through classical and medieval times. It is also weakly connected to moden history through the 19th century. It is indirectly connected to the 20th century through the late 20th century. It is somewhat connected to the early 2000s. It is preceded by 2007. Within 2008, it is directly preceded by the third quarter.

It is also connected to the future, including the near future with next month including future events of November and December 2008, next quarter including January 2009, February 2009, and March 2009, and next year and to the middle future, and far future.

Links to other sites

Sociology

Peoples

Nations include Peru, Uzbekistan, Iraq, Saudi Arabia, Venezuela, Malaysia, North Korea, Ghana, Yemen, Taiwan, Romania, Mozambique, Sri Lanka, Australia, Madagascar, Syria, Cameroon, Cote d'ivorie, Netherlands, Chile, Kazaknstan, Burkina Faso, Cambodia, Malawi

Western Civilization includes Canada. Western cities such as Los Angeles can be connected. Anglic peoples including the United Kingdom and the United States can be connected. Anglic cities such as New York City are also significant. Latin peoples including those of Spain and Latin cities such as Sao Paulo can be connected. Italic peoples such as those of Italy can be connected. French peoples such as those of France can be connected. Hispanic peoples such as those of Argentina can be connected. Hispanic cities such as Mexico City can also be connected. Hispanic Mexican American peoples such as those of Mexico can be connected. Hispanic Colombian American peoples including Colombia can be considered. Lusitanic peoples including those of Brazil can be connected. Northeast European peoples such as those of Russia, Ukraine, and Poland can be connected. Germanic peoples including those of Germany can be connected.

Asiatic peoples can be examined. Those of Nepal can be connected. Asiatic cities such as Osaka can be considered. Among Middle Eastern peoples, Afghanistan can be considered. Egypt, and Turkey can be connected. Persian peoples such as those of Iran will be important. North African peoples such as those of Morocco and Algeria can be connected. Among South Asian peoples, those of India with cities such as Delhi can be connected. Those of Pakistan can be connected. Those of Bangladesh can be connected. South Asian cities such as Bombay can be connected. Oriental peoples such as China, Japan with its city of Tokyo, and South Korea can be considered. Oriental cities such as Seoul and Shanghai can be considered. Among Southeast Asian peoples, those of Burma can be connected. Southeast Asian cities such as Manila can be connected. Southeast Asian Achipelagoes including peoples of Indonesia and the Philippines can be connected. Peoples of Mainland Southeast Asia including Vietnam and Thailand can be connected

African peoples including those of Uganda, can be connected. East African peoples such as those of Ethiopia, Sudan, Tanzania, and Kenya can be connected. West African peoples such as tnose of Nigeria can be considered. Central African peoples such as those of Congo (DR) can be connected. Southern African peoples such as those of South Africa are significant.

American Indian peoples such as those found in Canada are less directly significant. Middle American Indianpeoples such as those of Mexico are prominent. South American Indian peoples such as those of Brazil, Colombia, and Argentina can be connected. North American peoples such as those found in the United States can also be connected.

Communities such as Calcutta, Karachi, Canton, Jakarta, and Cairo can be connected.

Social structure and change

Social change including social change factors, and social change processes can be connected. Social movements such as the agricultural revolution, agrarian revolution, and industrial revolution can be considered. Social types including hunting and gathering societies, horticultural societies, agrarian societies, and industrial societies can be considered. Social structure including anthropological structure, cultural structure, institutional structure, class structure, and community and regional structure will be important.

Institutions

Family including marriage, parenting, kinship, and particular families can be connected. Education including research and teaching can be connected. Cultural institutions including museums, libraries, and performance venues can be connected. Educational organization including course materials, students, faculty, and administration can be connected. Schools including primary education, secondary education, and higher education can be connected. Economics including can be connected. Economic activity including production, distribution and exchange, and consumption can be considered. Industry including companies, agriculture, extraction and manufacturing, building, social and medical services, transportation, communication, and commercial and financial services can be connected. Economic systems including firms, networks, economic system types, and economic system behavior can be considered. Government can be connected. Law including tribal law, Asiatic law, Western law, and international law can be considered. Government structure including political parties and interest groups, judicial systems, legislative systems, executive systems, heads of state, and forms of government can be considered. Government activity including succession, administration, and state relations can be considered. Particular governments including local government, national government, and international government can be connected. Religion including religious belief, religious practice, and religious organization can be connected. Religious traditions including Abrahamic religion, Asiatic religion, African religion, pagan religion, and secularism can be connected.

Culture

Material culture including industrial technology, building technology, foodstuffs, clothing, transportation technology, communication technology, and other artifact can be connected. Conceptual culture including language, graphic arts, literature, mathematics, applied science, and philosophy can be connected. Behavioral culture including customs, occupations, and cultural events can be connected.

Anthropology

Social foundations including social presentation, social interactions, social control, social group types, and social group behavior can be connected. Demography including births, deaths, migration, population size and structure, and population change can be connected. Physical anthropology including human origins, racial variation, and human dispersion can be connected. Human ecology including effects of the environment on people, relations with other life, and effects of people on the environment can be connected. Human geography including European geogrpahy, Asian geography, African geography, North American geography, South American geography, and Oceanic geography can be connected. Particular groups can be connected.

Personal studies

The human body including body systems, body function, human life cycle, disease, and form and appearance can be connected. Psychology including behavioral elements, mind, behavior patterns, developmental psychology, mental disorders, personality, and social psychology can be connected. Biography can be connected.

Science

Physics and chemistry can be connected. Astronomy including solar system astronomy, stellar astronomy, galactic astronomy, and cosmology can perhaps be connected. Earth science including geology, hydrospheric science, atmospheric science, physical geography, and geohistory can be connected. Biology including molecular biology, cell biology, organism biology, systematics, ecology, and biohistory can be connected.