Early 21st Century


This includes events of the early 20th century, from 2001 to the present. It is divided into two periods, the early 2000s and the late 2000s.	Sapience Home Site Map About Sapience History Modern History 20th Century Early 2000s Late 2000s

This includes events of the early 20th century, from 2001 to the present. It is divided into two periods, the early 2000s and the late 2000s.

Early 2000s

On September 11, 2001, a terrorist attack destroyed the two towers of the World Trade Center in New York City. These terrorists, identified as based in part in Afghanistan, prompted a US led invasion of that country early the next year. In 2002. Luis Inacio Lula da Silva was elected President of Brazil. In 2003 the US invaded and occupied Iraq, a controversial action based in part on evidence, later discredited, that the military dictator of Iraq was accumulating biological and nuclear weapons. The US continued to fight a determined insurgent movement hostile to both the US and the reconstituted government of Iraq. In 2004, in spite of criticism of his handling of the war in Iraq, George Bush won re-election as US President. Same-sex marriage was made legal in one state of the US. France began to impose restrictions on the wearing of religious symbols and clothing, there was a major terrorist bombing in Spain and a major terrorist incident at a school in Russia. A European constitution was proposed. Palestinian leader Yasser Arafat died. A major tsunami killed some 200,000 people in nations surrounding the Indian Ocean. In 2005 Hurricane Katrina struck New Orleans and caused flooding in 80% of the city. A new Constitution was proposed and accepted in Iraq. Pope John Paul II died and was succeeded by Cardinal Joseph Ratzinger as Benedict XVI.

Late 2000s

In 2006, the unpopularity of the continuing war in Iraq led to a change in the majority party in the US Congress, while a new prime minister took charge in Israel. Lula da Silva was reelected president of Brazil. I have not yet compiled details for 2007. In 2008 a global financial crisis began. Barak Obama was elected President of the United States.


Science Physics and chemistry may be connected somewhat. Astronomy including local astronomy, stellar astronomy, galactic astronomy, and cosmology can possibly be connected. Earth science including geology, hydrospheric science, atmospheric science, physical geography, and geohistory can be connected. Biology including molecular biology, cell biology, organism biology, systematics, ecology, and biohistory can be connected. .	Links to other sites: Not yet available
Personal studies The human body including body systems, body function, life cycle, disease, and form and appearance may be somewnat useful. Psychology including behavioral elements, mind, behavioral patterns, mental disorders, human ecology, human geography, and physical anthropology can be connected. Biography is somewhat useful. Gorbachev Bush, George W. Anthropology Social foundations including social presentation, social interaction, social control, social group behavior, and social group types is important. Demography including births, deaths, migration, population size and structure, and population change will be important. Physical anthropology including human origins, racial variation, and human dispersion is also important. Human ecology including environmental effects, other life forms, and human effects can be examined to some extent. Human geography including European geography, African geography, North American geography, South American geography, and Oceanic geography is highly valuable. Asian geography including Southwest Asian, South Asian, Southeast Asian, Central Asian, and North Asian geography is very useful. Particular groups will be significant. Culture Material culture such as foodstuffs, clothing, building technology, transportation technology, communication technology, and other artifacts is important. Industrial technology including tools, fuelds, chemical technology, machninery, utilities, and other technology is vital. Conceptual culture including graphic arts and literature can be considered. Language including linguistics, writing, and languages of the world can be examined. Mathematics including mathematical foundations, arithmetic, algebra, analysis, geometry, and statistics can be connected. Applied science including measurement, engineering science, navigation, medical science, information and computing science, accounting, and applied social science can be considered. Philosophy including logic, epistemology, metaphysics, aesthetics, ethics, special topics, and philosophical schools and doctrines can be considered. Behavioral culture is significant. Customs including vital customs, living and dwelling customs, dress and adornment customs, social interaction customs, and institutional customs are significant. Occupations including food related, building related, transportation related, communication related, industrial, and service occupations can be connected. Recreation and entertainment including music, dance, theater, sports, and games can be considered. Cultural events such as disasters, fairs, meets, and holidays are also important. Institutions Families Marriage, parenting, and kinship will be significant. Particular families will be important. Education Research is important. Teaching is important. Cultural institutions including museums, libraries, and venues are important. Educational organization such as course material, students, faculty, and educational admistration is also useful. Particular schools including primary schools, secondary schools, and higher education is important. Economics Economic activities including production, trade and exchange, and consumption is important. Industries including particular companies such as Wal-Mart, Exxon Mobil, Royal Dutch Shell, and BP and including agriculture, extraction and manufacting, construction, transportation, communication, social and medical services, and commercial and financial services may be useful. Economic systems including firms, networks, types of systems, and economic system behavior can be examined. Government Law and major traditions of tribal law, Asian Law, Western Law, and International law are significant. Government structure including political parties, judicial systems, legislative systems, executive systems, heads of state, and forms of government is also highly important. Government activities such as administration, succession, and state relations is also important. State relations including espionage, diplomacy, and warfare are useful. There is some attention given to particular governments including local, national, and international government. Traditional empires no longer exist, and only vestiges of colonial governments. The emphasis is on modern compacts including temporary alliances, and special purpose organizations, regional organizations. World govenment, specifically the United Nations, is also important. Religion Religious beliefs and practices are useful in this study. Religious organization including unstructured, fragmented, and highly organized religions has some connection. Particular religions such as secularism are also highly important. Abrahamic religion, in particular Islam, and Judaism is highly important. Christianity including Catholicism, Protestantism, Orthodoxy, and Mormonism can be examined. Asiatic religion including Persian and Oriental varieties is of some interest. Indian religion including Buddhism, Hinduism, Sikhism, and Jainism can be considered. Secularism is also important in this period. Pagan religion including European pagan, Asian pagan, African pagan, American Indian, and Neopaganism is mostly of historical or minor interest. Sociology Social structure and change including social structure is vital to understanding of the early 21st century. Social structure including anthropological structure, cultural structure, institutional structure, class structure, and community and regional structure can be examined. Of the various social types, hunting and gathering societies, horticultural societies, and agrarian societies are less significant than industrial societies. Social change can be examined. Factors of change such as natural change, demographic change, cultural change, and institutional change can be examined. Processes of change including innovation, transmission, adaptation, and exctinction can be considered. Particular changes including late ramifications of the Agrarian revolution can be examined. The Industrial revolution including early stages, middle stages, and late stages involving computerization can be examined. Communities may also provide detail as they are better developed. Recently connected cities include [ Taipei, Tientsen] Peoples of the world are most easily examined using particular nations [such as Niger, Guatemala, Zimbabwe; Angola, Senegal, Mali, Zambia, Cuba, Greece, Portugal, Belgium, Belarus, Czech Republic, Tunisia, Hungary.] Western civilization is also significant. [Nations recently connected include Ecuador, Cities include Washington San Francisco] Anglic peoples are important. The United States including its cities of New York City and Los Angeles does not yet have a good summary of events. The UK with its city of London, Canada, and Australia are significant. Cities include Chicago. Latin peoples are also important. Nations such as Chile are important in this period. Other cities include Lima. Italic peoples including those of Italy can be considered. French peoples including France with its city of Paris are important. Hispanic peoples including Venezuela can be considered. Spain can be connected. Hispanic Mexican America with Mexico and the city of Mexico City can be connected. Hispanic Colombian America with Colombia with its city of Bogota can be connected. Hispanic Peruvian America including Peru can be considered. Hispanic Argentine America including Argentina and its city of Buenos Aires can be connected. Lusitanic peoples including those of Brazil with its principal cities of Sao Paulo and Rio de Janeiro are important. Northeast European peoples including nations of Russia, Ukraine and Poland are significant. Principal cities include Moscow Germanic peoples such as those of Germany and the Netherlands are also significant. Balkan peoples including Romania are also important. Asiatic peoples are highly important in the early 21st century. [Nations include Cambodia Cities include Hyderabad] Middle Eastern peoples are important. Syria can be connected. Cities include Istanbul. Egypt and its principal city of Cairo have been significant, if not highly visible. Turkey has been more visible in recent years. Mesopotamian peoples including those in Iraq have been highly important. Arabian peoples such as those of Saudi Arabia have been important. Yemen is important. Persian peoples including those of Iran and its principal city of Tehran and Afghanistan have been important in recent years. North African people such as those of Morocco and Algeria have occasionally appeared. South Asian peoples are highly useful. India with its cities of Bombay, Delhi, Calcutta, and Madras; Pakistan with its principal cities of Karachi and Lahore; Bangladesh with its principal city of Dacca; Nepal; and Sri Lanka are being considered. [Major cities include Bangalore]. Central Asian peoples such as those found in China,Russia Uzbekistan, and Kazakhstan are also useful. Oriental peoples are highly important. Nations including China with its cities of Shanghai, Beijing, Shenzhen, Canton, Chungking, and Wuhan; Japan with its cities of Tokyo and Osaka; South Korea with its city of Seoul, North Korea, and Taiwan are significant. Cities that can be connected include Nagoya Hong Kong Southeast Asian peoples are also significant. Nations such as those of Indonesia and its city of Jakarta, the Philippines and its city of Manila, Vietnam, Thailand, Myanmar, Malaysia, and Australia are also significant. Cities include Bangkok. African peoples including peoples of Malawi will be useful. Cities such as Kinshasa can also be connected. Nations of Eastern Africa including Ethiopia, Sudan, Tanzania, Kenya, and Uganda are also significant. Western Africa, including Nigeria, Ghana, Côte D'Ivorie, Cameroon and Burkina Faso and cities such as Lagos can be examined. Nations of Southern Africa such as South Africa, Mozambique, and Madagascar can also be considered. Cities such as Johannesburg can be considered. Nations of Central Africa such as Congo can be examined. American Indian peoples will also be connected. Ecuador will contribute. [Cities include Mexico City] Meso-American peoples including those of Mexico can be considered. South American Indian peoples including those found in Brazil, Colombia, Argentina, Peru, Venezuela, and Chile can be examined. North American Indians including those in the United States and Canada can be connected. Other History This is not closely connected with earlier periods of history through classical and medieval times. It is also not connected with other modern history through the 19th century. It is being treated as part of the 20th century and follows the late 20th century directly, most particularly the late 1990s. It is closely connected to the future. The near future including next month, (December 2007and January 2008) next quarter including February 2008 and March 2008, and next year, the middle future including the next 5 years, next 20 years, next century, and next 5 centuries and far future can be examined.

Science

Physics and chemistry may be connected somewhat. Astronomy including local astronomy, stellar astronomy, galactic astronomy, and cosmology can possibly be connected. Earth science including geology, hydrospheric science, atmospheric science, physical geography, and geohistory can be connected. Biology including molecular biology, cell biology, organism biology, systematics, ecology, and biohistory can be connected. .

Links to other sites: Not yet available

Personal studies

The human body including body systems, body function, life cycle, disease, and form and appearance may be somewnat useful. Psychology including behavioral elements, mind, behavioral patterns, mental disorders, human ecology, human geography, and physical anthropology can be connected. Biography is somewhat useful.

Anthropology

Social foundations including social presentation, social interaction, social control, social group behavior, and social group types is important. Demography including births, deaths, migration, population size and structure, and population change will be important. Physical anthropology including human origins, racial variation, and human dispersion is also important. Human ecology including environmental effects, other life forms, and human effects can be examined to some extent. Human geography including European geography, African geography, North American geography, South American geography, and Oceanic geography is highly valuable. Asian geography including Southwest Asian, South Asian, Southeast Asian, Central Asian, and North Asian geography is very useful. Particular groups will be significant.

Culture

Material culture such as foodstuffs, clothing, building technology, transportation technology, communication technology, and other artifacts is important. Industrial technology including tools, fuelds, chemical technology, machninery, utilities, and other technology is vital. Conceptual culture including graphic arts and literature can be considered. Language including linguistics, writing, and languages of the world can be examined. Mathematics including mathematical foundations, arithmetic, algebra, analysis, geometry, and statistics can be connected. Applied science including measurement, engineering science, navigation, medical science, information and computing science, accounting, and applied social science can be considered. Philosophy including logic, epistemology, metaphysics, aesthetics, ethics, special topics, and philosophical schools and doctrines can be considered. Behavioral culture is significant. Customs including vital customs, living and dwelling customs, dress and adornment customs, social interaction customs, and institutional customs are significant. Occupations including food related, building related, transportation related, communication related, industrial, and service occupations can be connected. Recreation and entertainment including music, dance, theater, sports, and games can be considered. Cultural events such as disasters, fairs, meets, and holidays are also important.

Institutions

Families

Marriage, parenting, and kinship will be significant. Particular families will be important.

Education

Research is important. Teaching is important. Cultural institutions including museums, libraries, and venues are important. Educational organization such as course material, students, faculty, and educational admistration is also useful. Particular schools including primary schools, secondary schools, and higher education is important.

Economics

Economic activities including production, trade and exchange, and consumption is important. Industries including particular companies such as Wal-Mart, Exxon Mobil, Royal Dutch Shell, and BP and including agriculture, extraction and manufacting, construction, transportation, communication, social and medical services, and commercial and financial services may be useful. Economic systems including firms, networks, types of systems, and economic system behavior can be examined.

Government

Law and major traditions of tribal law, Asian Law, Western Law, and International law are significant. Government structure including political parties, judicial systems, legislative systems, executive systems, heads of state, and forms of government is also highly important. Government activities such as administration, succession, and state relations is also important. State relations including espionage, diplomacy, and warfare are useful. There is some attention given to particular governments including local, national, and international government. Traditional empires no longer exist, and only vestiges of colonial governments. The emphasis is on modern compacts including temporary alliances, and special purpose organizations, regional organizations. World govenment, specifically the United Nations, is also important.

Religion

Religious beliefs and practices are useful in this study. Religious organization including unstructured, fragmented, and highly organized religions has some connection. Particular religions such as secularism are also highly important. Abrahamic religion, in particular Islam, and Judaism is highly important. Christianity including Catholicism, Protestantism, Orthodoxy, and Mormonism can be examined. Asiatic religion including Persian and Oriental varieties is of some interest. Indian religion including Buddhism, Hinduism, Sikhism, and Jainism can be considered. Secularism is also important in this period. Pagan religion including European pagan, Asian pagan, African pagan, American Indian, and Neopaganism is mostly of historical or minor interest.

Sociology

Social structure and change including social structure is vital to understanding of the early 21st century. Social structure including anthropological structure, cultural structure, institutional structure, class structure, and community and regional structure can be examined. Of the various social types, hunting and gathering societies, horticultural societies, and agrarian societies are less significant than industrial societies. Social change can be examined. Factors of change such as natural change, demographic change, cultural change, and institutional change can be examined. Processes of change including innovation, transmission, adaptation, and exctinction can be considered. Particular changes including late ramifications of the Agrarian revolution can be examined. The Industrial revolution including early stages, middle stages, and late stages involving computerization can be examined.

Communities may also provide detail as they are better developed. Recently connected cities include [ Taipei, Tientsen]

Peoples of the world are most easily examined using particular nations [such as Niger, Guatemala, Zimbabwe; Angola, Senegal, Mali, Zambia, Cuba, Greece, Portugal, Belgium, Belarus, Czech Republic, Tunisia, Hungary.]

Western civilization is also significant. [Nations recently connected include Ecuador, Cities include Washington San Francisco]

Anglic peoples are important. The United States including its cities of New York City and Los Angeles does not yet have a good summary of events. The UK with its city of London, Canada, and Australia are significant. Cities include Chicago.

Latin peoples are also important. Nations such as Chile are important in this period. Other cities include Lima. Italic peoples including those of Italy can be considered. French peoples including France with its city of Paris are important. Hispanic peoples including Venezuela can be considered. Spain can be connected. Hispanic Mexican America with Mexico and the city of Mexico City can be connected. Hispanic Colombian America with Colombia with its city of Bogota can be connected. Hispanic Peruvian America including Peru can be considered. Hispanic Argentine America including Argentina and its city of Buenos Aires can be connected. Lusitanic peoples including those of Brazil with its principal cities of Sao Paulo and Rio de Janeiro are important.

Northeast European peoples including nations of Russia, Ukraine and Poland are significant. Principal cities include Moscow

Germanic peoples such as those of Germany and the Netherlands are also significant. Balkan peoples including Romania are also important.

Asiatic peoples are highly important in the early 21st century. [Nations include Cambodia Cities include Hyderabad]

Middle Eastern peoples are important. Syria can be connected. Cities include Istanbul. Egypt and its principal city of Cairo have been significant, if not highly visible. Turkey has been more visible in recent years. Mesopotamian peoples including those in Iraq have been highly important. Arabian peoples such as those of Saudi Arabia have been important. Yemen is important. Persian peoples including those of Iran and its principal city of Tehran and Afghanistan have been important in recent years. North African people such as those of Morocco and Algeria have occasionally appeared.

South Asian peoples are highly useful. India with its cities of Bombay, Delhi, Calcutta, and Madras; Pakistan with its principal cities of Karachi and Lahore; Bangladesh with its principal city of Dacca; Nepal; and Sri Lanka are being considered. [Major cities include Bangalore].

Central Asian peoples such as those found in China,Russia Uzbekistan, and Kazakhstan are also useful.

Oriental peoples are highly important. Nations including China with its cities of Shanghai, Beijing, Shenzhen, Canton, Chungking, and Wuhan; Japan with its cities of Tokyo and Osaka; South Korea with its city of Seoul, North Korea, and Taiwan are significant. Cities that can be connected include Nagoya Hong Kong

Southeast Asian peoples are also significant. Nations such as those of Indonesia and its city of Jakarta, the Philippines and its city of Manila, Vietnam, Thailand, Myanmar, Malaysia, and Australia are also significant. Cities include Bangkok.

African peoples including peoples of Malawi will be useful. Cities such as Kinshasa can also be connected. Nations of Eastern Africa including Ethiopia, Sudan, Tanzania, Kenya, and Uganda are also significant. Western Africa, including Nigeria, Ghana, Côte D'Ivorie, Cameroon and Burkina Faso and cities such as Lagos can be examined. Nations of Southern Africa such as South Africa, Mozambique, and Madagascar can also be considered. Cities such as Johannesburg can be considered. Nations of Central Africa such as Congo can be examined.

American Indian peoples will also be connected. Ecuador will contribute. [Cities include Mexico City] Meso-American peoples including those of Mexico can be considered. South American Indian peoples including those found in Brazil, Colombia, Argentina, Peru, Venezuela, and Chile can be examined. North American Indians including those in the United States and Canada can be connected.

Other History

This is not closely connected with earlier periods of history through classical and medieval times. It is also not connected with other modern history through the 19th century. It is being treated as part of the 20th century and follows the late 20th century directly, most particularly the late 1990s.

It is closely connected to the future. The near future including next month, (December 2007and January 2008) next quarter including February 2008 and March 2008, and next year, the middle future including the next 5 years, next 20 years, next century, and next 5 centuries and far future can be examined.