Mid 20th Century


The mid 20th century is best known for the Second World War (WW II) which most historians consider a major dividing point of the century. It is known also for the development of the Cold War, and substantial changes in society based on technological developments.	Sapience Home Site Map About Sapience History Modern History 20th Century Early 1940s Late 1940s Early 1950s Late 1950s

The mid 20th century is best known for the Second World War (WW II) which most historians consider a major dividing point of the century. It is known also for the development of the Cold War, and substantial changes in society based on technological developments.

Early 1940s

The United States entered World War II as one of the Allies. along with the USSR (Russia) and the United Kingdom, which ws already engaged. The Allies defeated the Axis powers including Germany and Japan. Egypt was a staging area for British operations in North Africa and the Eastern mediterranean. China was divided between Nationalist and Communist and partly occupied by Japan. Indonesia was occupied by Japan. Ethiopia with British aid expelled the Italians.

Late 1940s

The US and USSR began to oppose one another in the "Cold War". Germany was occupied, and then divided between East Germany and West Germany. Egypt opposed the creation of Israel. The civil war in China came to an end with the Nationalists defeated and exiled to Taiwan. The Korean war begin in 1950. Japan was occupied by the US. Britain granted independence to India and to Pakistan, (including what is now Bangladesh). Indonesia became independent.

Early 1950s

The US and USSR contined to oppose one another in the "Cold War". Stalin died and was succeeded by Khrushchev. Egypt became fully autonomous with the withrdawal of British forces. India was reorganizing following its independence. China was allied with the USSR and participated in the Korean war, which was ended by a truce. The US withdrew its occupation forces from Japan.

Late 1950s

The US and USSR contined to oppose one another in the "Cold War". Eisenhower in the US pursued a policy of "containment", attempting to prevent the spread of Communism. India led a group of non-aligned nations that were not attracted to either the US or the USSR. Nigeria was granted independence by the British.


Other history Prehistory Early prehistory including the Pleiocene, early Pleistocene, early mid Pleistocene, mid Pleistocene, and late Pleistocene can be connected. Middle prehistory including the 5th decamillennium BP, 4th decamillennium BP, 3rd decamillennium BP, and 2nd decamillennium BP can be connected. Late prehistory including the early 8th millennium BC, late 8th millennium BC, early 7th millennium BC, late 7th millennium BC, early 6th millennium BC, and late 6th ,millennium BC is indirectly useful to this period.	Links to other sites None yet added.
Antiquity The 5th millennium BC including the early 5th millennium BC, early mid 5th millennium BC, mid 5th millennium BC, late mid 5th millennium BC, and late 5th millennium BC can be connected. The 4th millennium BC including the early 4th millennium BC, early mid 4th millennium BC, mid 4th millennium BC, late mid 4th millennium BC, and late 4th millennium BC can be connected. The 3rd millennium BC including the early 3rd millennium BC, early mid 3rd millennium BC, mid 3rd millennium BC, late mid 3rd millennium BC, and late 3rd millennium BC can be connected. The 2nd millennium BC including the early 2nd millennium BC, early mid 2nd millennium BC, mid 2nd millennium BC, late mid 2nd millennium BC, and late 2nd millennium BC can be connected. The early 1st millennium BC including the 10th century BC, 9th century BC, 8th century BC, 7th century BC, and 6th century BC can be connected. Classical and medieval history Early classical times including the 5th century BC, 4th century BC, 3rd century BC, 2nd century BC, and 1st century BC can be connected. Late classical times including the 1st century CE, 2nd century CE, 3rd century CE, 4th century CE, and 5th century CE can be considered. Early medieval times including the 6th century, 7th century, 8th century, 9th century, and 10th century can be connected. Late medieval times including the 11th century, 12th century, 13th century, 14th century, and 15th century can be connected. Other Modern history The 16th century including the early 16th century, early mid 16th century, mid 16th century, late mid 16th century, and late 16th century can be connected. The 17th century including the early 17th century, early mid 17th century, mid 17th century, late mid 17th century, and late 17th century can be connected. The 18th century including the early 18th century, early mid 18th century, mid 18th century, late mid 18th century, and late 18th century can be connected. The 19th century including the early 19th century, early mid 19th century, mid 19th century, late mid 19th century, and late 19th century can be connected. Other 20th century history The early 20th century can be connected. Events of this period are continuations of the early mid 20th century including the early 1920s, late 1920s, early 1930s, and especially the late 1930s. Events of this period are continued in the late mid 20th century including the early 1960s, late 1960s, early 1970s, and late 1970s. Analysis in the late 20th century, including the early 1980s, late 1980s, early 1990s, late 1990s, and the early 21st century including the early 2000s, late 2000s, and early 2010s is continually taking advantage of newly released information. Future The near future including next month, next quarter, and next year can be connected. The middle future including the next 5 years, next 20 years, next century, and next 5 centuries can be connected. The far future including the next 2 millennia, next 10,000 years, next 200,000 years, next million years, and beyond the next million years can be examined. Sociology Peoples of the world, communities, and social structure and change can be applied to the early 1940s, late 1940s, early 1950s, and late 1950s. Institutions Religion, government, economics, education, and families can be applied to the early 1940s, late 1940s, early 1950s, and late 1950s. Religion Religion can be applied to the early 1940s, late 1940s, early 1950s, and late 1950s. Particular traditions can be applied to the mid 20th century. Abrahamic, Asiatic, secular, and pagan traditions will also be significant. Religious organization can be applied to the mid 20th century. Religious practice can be applied to the mid 20th century. Religious beliefs can be applied to the mid 20th century. Government Government can be applied to the early 1940s, late 1940s, early 1950s, and late 1950s. Particular governments including local government, national government, and international government is important. Government activities including administration, succession, and state relations can be considered. Government structure including political parties and interest groups, judicial systems, legislative systems, executive systems, heads of state, and government types can be connected. Law including tribal law, Asiatic law, Western law, and International law can be considered. Economics Economics can be applied to the early 1940s, late 1940s, early 1950s, and late 1950s. Economic systems including firms, networks, types of systems, and system behavior can be considered. Industries including agriculture, extraction and manufacturing, social and medical services,communication, transportation, and commercial and financial services will be important. Economic activity including production, consumption, and distribution will be important. Education Schools including primary education, secondary education, and higher education can be connected. Educational organization including course material, students, faculty, and administration can be considered. Cultural institutions including museums, libraries, and performance venues will be important. teaching and research will be significant. Families Particular families, kinship, and parentingcan be connected. Marriage will be significant. Culture Behavioral culture, conceptual culture, and material culture can be appiied to the early 1940s, late 1940s, early 1950s, and late 1950s. Behavioral culture Cultural events including holidays, disasters, gatherings, and miscellaneous events will also be connected. Recreation and entertainment including sports, games, theater, dance, and music can be connected. Occupations including service occupations, industrial occupations, communication related, transportation related, building related, and food related occupations can be connected. Customs including vital customs, living and dwelling customs, dress and adornment customs, social interation customs, and institutional customs are important. Conceptual culture Philosophy including philosophical schools and doctrines, special topics, ethics, aesthetics, metaphysics, epistemology, and logic can be connected. Applied science including applied social science, accounting, information science, medical science, navigation, engineering science, and measurement can be connected. Mathematics including statistics, analysis, geometry, algebra, arithmetic, and mathematical foundations can be connected. Literature including literary works, types and genres, forms, and oral tradition can be connected. Graphic arts including animation, photography, printmaking, painting, and drawing can be connected. Language including linguistics, writing, and languages of the world is important. Material culture Miscellaneous artifacts such as sculpture, musical instruments, toys, and medical technology can be connected. Communication technology including electronic communication, written communication, and graphic communication can be connected. Transportation technology including space transportation, air transportation, water transportation, land transportation, and packaging can be connected. Clothing including adornment, garments, and textiles can be connected. Foodstuffs including prepared foods, preserved and processed foods, and raw foodstuffs can be connected. Building technology including outdoor structures, complete buildings, building components, furnishings, and building material can be connected. Industrial technology including tools, fuels, chemical technology, machinery, utilities, and other technology can be considered. Anthropology Particular groups, human geography, human ecology, physical anthropology, demography, and social foundations can be applied to the early 1940s, late 1940s, early 1950s, and late 1950s. Particular groups Particular groups can be connected. Wright brothers American Academy of Arts and Sciences Royal Society Particular groups from later times that investigate this period include. World History Association Human geography European geography including Balkan geography, Italian geography, Iberian geography, Central European geography, East European geography, Northwest European geography, Island European geography, and Scandinavian geography can be connected. Asian geography including Southwest Asian geography, South Asian geography, Southeast Asian geography, East Asian geography, Central Asian geography, and North Asian geography cah be connected. African geography including North Africa, East Africa, West Africa, North Central Africa, South Central Africa, and Southern Africa can be connected. North American geography including Northern North American geography, Middle North American geography, and Southern North American geography can be connected. South American geography can be connected. Oceanic geography can be connected. Human ecology Human influence on the environment can be connected. Relations with other life can be connected. Environmental influence on people can be connected. Physical anthropology Human dispersion can be connected. Racial variation can be connected. Human origins can be connected. Demography including births, deaths, and migration can be connected. Population change can be connected. Population size and structure can be connected. Social foundations including social presentation, social interaction, social control, group types, and group behavior can be connected. Personal studies Biography, psychology, and the human body can be applied to the early 1940s, late 1940s, early 1950s, and late 1950s. Biographies will also be connected. Prominent individuals who lived during the mid 20th century include: Einstein Hitler Fleming Heisenberg Planck Stalin Roentgen Kennedy Pincus Mao Ford Gorbachev Gandhi Bush, George W. Psychology including behavioral elements, mind, behavioral patterns, developmental psychology, mental disorders, personality, and social psychology can be connected. The human body including body systems, body function, life cycle, disease, and form and appearance can be connected. Science Biology, earth science, astronomy, chemistry, and physics can possibly be applied to the early 1940s, early mid 1940s, late 1940s, and early 1950s. Biology including molecular biology, cell biology, organism biology, systematics, ecology, and biohistory may be useful. Earth science including geology, hydrospheric science, atmospheric science, physical geography, and geohistory can be connected. Astronomy including solar system atronomy, stellar astronomy, galactic astronomy, and cosmology can be connected. Chemistry including chemical systems, chemical change, and chemical substances can be considered. Physics including the structure of matter, quantum physics, relativity theory, electromagnetism, thermodynamics, and mechanics can possibly be applied.

Other history

Prehistory

Early prehistory including the Pleiocene, early Pleistocene, early mid Pleistocene, mid Pleistocene, and late Pleistocene can be connected. Middle prehistory including the 5th decamillennium BP, 4th decamillennium BP, 3rd decamillennium BP, and 2nd decamillennium BP can be connected. Late prehistory including the early 8th millennium BC, late 8th millennium BC, early 7th millennium BC, late 7th millennium BC, early 6th millennium BC, and late 6th ,millennium BC is indirectly useful to this period.

Links to other sites
None yet added.

Antiquity

The 5th millennium BC including the early 5th millennium BC, early mid 5th millennium BC, mid 5th millennium BC, late mid 5th millennium BC, and late 5th millennium BC can be connected. The 4th millennium BC including the early 4th millennium BC, early mid 4th millennium BC, mid 4th millennium BC, late mid 4th millennium BC, and late 4th millennium BC can be connected. The 3rd millennium BC including the early 3rd millennium BC, early mid 3rd millennium BC, mid 3rd millennium BC, late mid 3rd millennium BC, and late 3rd millennium BC can be connected. The 2nd millennium BC including the early 2nd millennium BC, early mid 2nd millennium BC, mid 2nd millennium BC, late mid 2nd millennium BC, and late 2nd millennium BC can be connected. The early 1st millennium BC including the 10th century BC, 9th century BC, 8th century BC, 7th century BC, and 6th century BC can be connected.

Classical and medieval history

Early classical times including the 5th century BC, 4th century BC, 3rd century BC, 2nd century BC, and 1st century BC can be connected. Late classical times including the 1st century CE, 2nd century CE, 3rd century CE, 4th century CE, and 5th century CE can be considered. Early medieval times including the 6th century, 7th century, 8th century, 9th century, and 10th century can be connected. Late medieval times including the 11th century, 12th century, 13th century, 14th century, and 15th century can be connected.

Other Modern history

The 16th century including the early 16th century, early mid 16th century, mid 16th century, late mid 16th century, and late 16th century can be connected. The 17th century including the early 17th century, early mid 17th century, mid 17th century, late mid 17th century, and late 17th century can be connected. The 18th century including the early 18th century, early mid 18th century, mid 18th century, late mid 18th century, and late 18th century can be connected. The 19th century including the early 19th century, early mid 19th century, mid 19th century, late mid 19th century, and late 19th century can be connected.

Other 20th century history

The early 20th century can be connected. Events of this period are continuations of the early mid 20th century including the early 1920s, late 1920s, early 1930s, and especially the late 1930s.

Events of this period are continued in the late mid 20th century including the early 1960s, late 1960s, early 1970s, and late 1970s. Analysis in the late 20th century, including the early 1980s, late 1980s, early 1990s, late 1990s, and the early 21st century including the early 2000s, late 2000s, and early 2010s is continually taking advantage of newly released information.

Future

The near future including next month, next quarter, and next year can be connected. The middle future including the next 5 years, next 20 years, next century, and next 5 centuries can be connected. The far future including the next 2 millennia, next 10,000 years, next 200,000 years, next million years, and beyond the next million years can be examined.

Sociology

Peoples of the world, communities, and social structure and change can be applied to the early 1940s, late 1940s, early 1950s, and late 1950s.

Institutions

Religion, government, economics, education, and families can be applied to the early 1940s, late 1940s, early 1950s, and late 1950s.

Religion

Religion can be applied to the early 1940s, late 1940s, early 1950s, and late 1950s. Particular traditions can be applied to the mid 20th century. Abrahamic, Asiatic, secular, and pagan traditions will also be significant. Religious organization can be applied to the mid 20th century. Religious practice can be applied to the mid 20th century. Religious beliefs can be applied to the mid 20th century.

Government

Government can be applied to the early 1940s, late 1940s, early 1950s, and late 1950s.

Particular governments including local government, national government, and international government is important. Government activities including administration, succession, and state relations can be considered. Government structure including political parties and interest groups, judicial systems, legislative systems, executive systems, heads of state, and government types can be connected. Law including tribal law, Asiatic law, Western law, and International law can be considered.

Economics

Economics can be applied to the early 1940s, late 1940s, early 1950s, and late 1950s.

Economic systems including firms, networks, types of systems, and system behavior can be considered. Industries including agriculture, extraction and manufacturing, social and medical services,communication, transportation, and commercial and financial services will be important. Economic activity including production, consumption, and distribution will be important.

Education

Schools including primary education, secondary education, and higher education can be connected. Educational organization including course material, students, faculty, and administration can be considered. Cultural institutions including museums, libraries, and performance venues will be important. teaching and research will be significant.

Families

Particular families, kinship, and parentingcan be connected. Marriage will be significant.

Culture

Behavioral culture, conceptual culture, and material culture can be appiied to the early 1940s, late 1940s, early 1950s, and late 1950s.

Behavioral culture

Cultural events including holidays, disasters, gatherings, and miscellaneous events will also be connected. Recreation and entertainment including sports, games, theater, dance, and music can be connected. Occupations including service occupations, industrial occupations, communication related, transportation related, building related, and food related occupations can be connected. Customs including vital customs, living and dwelling customs, dress and adornment customs, social interation customs, and institutional customs are important.

Conceptual culture

Philosophy including philosophical schools and doctrines, special topics, ethics, aesthetics, metaphysics, epistemology, and logic can be connected. Applied science including applied social science, accounting, information science, medical science, navigation, engineering science, and measurement can be connected. Mathematics including statistics, analysis, geometry, algebra, arithmetic, and mathematical foundations can be connected. Literature including literary works, types and genres, forms, and oral tradition can be connected. Graphic arts including animation, photography, printmaking, painting, and drawing can be connected. Language including linguistics, writing, and languages of the world is important.

Material culture

Miscellaneous artifacts such as sculpture, musical instruments, toys, and medical technology can be connected. Communication technology including electronic communication, written communication, and graphic communication can be connected. Transportation technology including space transportation, air transportation, water transportation, land transportation, and packaging can be connected. Clothing including adornment, garments, and textiles can be connected. Foodstuffs including prepared foods, preserved and processed foods, and raw foodstuffs can be connected. Building technology including outdoor structures, complete buildings, building components, furnishings, and building material can be connected. Industrial technology including tools, fuels, chemical technology, machinery, utilities, and other technology can be considered.

Anthropology

Particular groups, human geography, human ecology, physical anthropology, demography, and social foundations can be applied to the early 1940s, late 1940s, early 1950s, and late 1950s.

Particular groups

Particular groups can be connected.

Particular groups from later times that investigate this period include.

World History Association

Human geography

European geography including Balkan geography, Italian geography, Iberian geography, Central European geography, East European geography, Northwest European geography, Island European geography, and Scandinavian geography can be connected. Asian geography including Southwest Asian geography, South Asian geography, Southeast Asian geography, East Asian geography, Central Asian geography, and North Asian geography cah be connected. African geography including North Africa, East Africa, West Africa, North Central Africa, South Central Africa, and Southern Africa can be connected. North American geography including Northern North American geography, Middle North American geography, and Southern North American geography can be connected. South American geography can be connected. Oceanic geography can be connected.

Human ecology

Human influence on the environment can be connected. Relations with other life can be connected. Environmental influence on people can be connected.

Physical anthropology

Human dispersion can be connected. Racial variation can be connected. Human origins can be connected.

Demography including births, deaths, and migration can be connected. Population change can be connected. Population size and structure can be connected.

Social foundations including social presentation, social interaction, social control, group types, and group behavior can be connected.

Personal studies

Biography, psychology, and the human body can be applied to the early 1940s, late 1940s, early 1950s, and late 1950s.

Biographies will also be connected. Prominent individuals who lived during the mid 20th century include:

Psychology including behavioral elements, mind, behavioral patterns, developmental psychology, mental disorders, personality, and social psychology can be connected. The human body including body systems, body function, life cycle, disease, and form and appearance can be connected.

Science

Biology, earth science, astronomy, chemistry, and physics can possibly be applied to the early 1940s, early mid 1940s, late 1940s, and early 1950s.

Biology including molecular biology, cell biology, organism biology, systematics, ecology, and biohistory may be useful. Earth science including geology, hydrospheric science, atmospheric science, physical geography, and geohistory can be connected. Astronomy including solar system atronomy, stellar astronomy, galactic astronomy, and cosmology can be connected. Chemistry including chemical systems, chemical change, and chemical substances can be considered. Physics including the structure of matter, quantum physics, relativity theory, electromagnetism, thermodynamics, and mechanics can possibly be applied.

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