Middle 20th Century


The mid 20th century is best known for the Second World War (WW II) which most historians consider a major dividing point of World War II. It is known for the development of the Cold War, and substantial changes in society based on technological developments.	Sapience Home Site Map About Sapience History Modern History 20th Century Early 1940s Late 1940s Early 1950s Late 1950s

The mid 20th century is best known for the Second World War (WW II) which most historians consider a major dividing point of World War II. It is known for the development of the Cold War, and substantial changes in society based on technological developments.

Early 1940s

The United States entered World War II as one of the Allies. along with the USSR (Russia). The Allies defeated the Axis powers including Germany and Japan. Egypt was a staging area for British operations in North Africa and the Eastern mediterranean. China was divided between Nationalist and Communist and partly occupied by Japan. Indonesia was occupied by Japan. Ethiopia with British aid expelled the Italians.

Late 1940s

The US and USSR began to oppose one another in the "Cold War". Germany was occupied, and then divided between East Germany and West Germany. Egypt opposed the creation of Israel. The civil war in China came to an end with the Nationalists defeated and exiled to Taiwan. The Korean war begin in 1950. Japan was occupied by the US. Britain granted independence to India and to Pakistan, (including what is now Bangladesh). Indonesia became independent.

Early 1950s

The US and USSR contined to oppose one another in the "Cold War". Stalin died and was succeeded by Khrushchev. Egypt became fully autonomous with the withrdawal of British forces. India was reorganizing following its independence. China was allied with the USSR and participated in the Korean war, which was ended by a truce. The US withdrew its occupation forces from Japan.

Late 1950s

The US and USSR contined to oppose one another in the "Cold War". Eisenhower in the US pursued a policy of "containment", attempting to prevent the spread of Communism. India led a group of non-aligned nations that were not attracted to either the US or the USSR. Nigeria was granted independence by the British.


Science Physics and chemistry may be connected. Astronomy including solar system atronomy, stellar astronomy, galactic astronomy, and cosmology can be connected. Earth science including geology, hydrospheric science, atmospheric science, physical geography, and geohistory can be connected. Biology including molecular biology, cell biology, organism biology, systematics, ecology, and biohistory may be useful.	Links to other sites None yet added.
Personal studies The human body including body systems, body function, life cycle, disease, and form and appearance can be connected. Psychology including behavioral elements, mind, behavioral patterns, developmental psychology, mental disorders, personality, and social psychology can be connected. Biographies will also be connected. Prominent individuals who lived during the mid 20th century include: Einstein Hitler Fleming Heisenberg Planck Stalin Roentgen Kennedy Pincus Mao Ford Gorbachev Gandhi Bush, George W. Anthropology Social foundations including social presentation, social interaction, social control, group types, and group behavior can be connected. Demography including births, deaths, migration, population size and structure, and population change can e connected. Physical anthropology including human origins, racial variation, and human dispersion can be considered. human ecology including the influence of the environment on people, relations with other life, and the influence of people on the environment can be discussed. Human geography including European geography, Asian geography, African geography, North American geography, South American geography, and Oceanic geography, and particular groups will also be discussed. Culture Material culture including foodstuffs, clothing, building technology, transportation technology, communication technology, and other artifacts is important. Industrial technology including tools, fuels, chemical technology, machinery, utilities, and other technology can be considered. Conceptual culture including graphic arts, literature, mathematics, applied science and philosophy is useful. Language including linguistics, writing, and languages of the world is important. Behavioral culture including occupations, recreation and entertainment, and cultural events will also be connected. Customs including vital customs, living and dwelling customs, dress and adornment customs, social interation customs, and institutional customs are important. Institutions Families including marriage, parenting, kinship, and particular families will be significant. Education including research and teaching is significant. Cultural institutions including museums, libraries, and performance venues will be important. Educational organization including course material, students, faculty, and administration can be considered. Schools including primary education, secondary education, and higher education can be connected. Economics is important. Economic activity including production, consumption, and distribution will be important. Industries including agriculture, extraction and manufacturing, social and medical services,communication, transportation, and commercial and financial services will be important. Economic systems including firms, networks, types of systems, and system behavior can be considered. Developments in government are also important. Law including tribal law, Asiatic law, Western law, and International law can be considered. Government structure including political parties and interest groups, judicial systems, legislative systems, executive systems, heads of state, and government types can be connected. Government activities including administration, succession, and state relations can be considered. Particular governments including local government, national government, and international government is important. Religion including beliefs, practice, organization, and particular traditions including Abrahamic, Asiatic, secular, and pagan traditions will also be significant. Sociology Social structure and change Social structure including anthropological structure, cultural structure, institutional structure, class structure, and community and regional structure is highly important. Social types including hunting and gathering societies, horticultural societies, agrarian societies, and industrial societies are significant. Social change including factors and processes is also significant. Particular changes including the agricultural revolution, agrarian revolution, and industrial revolution can be considered. Communities are not yet considered in any detail. [ Cairo, Calcutta, Manila, Jakarta,Karachi, Canton, Buenos Aires, Moscow, Beijing, Dacca]. This depends heavily on various peoples of the world. A few nations have histories. These are included under the major peoples they belong to. United Kingdom, Italy, South Korea, Myanmar, Ukraine, South Africa, Colombia. Western civilization is quite prominent for this period. Nations belonging to Western Civilization with historical notes for this period include France (Which was defeated and occupied in WW II, but came together afterwards) Cities include Los Angeles. Greatest attention is given to Anglic peoples, including Anglo-Americans and British, but little to Australian peoples. These specifically include the United States (One of the Allies in World War II and opponent of the USSR in the subsequent Cold War), and cities of New York City. Latin peoples are significant. Mexico is also significant. Cities include Mexico City, Sao Paulo. Lusitanic peoples including those of Brazil can be considered. Northeast European includes Russia (Also one of the Allies in World War II and opponent of the US in the subsequent Cold War). Germanic peoples include Germany (One of the Axis powers in World War II and divided after the war). Balkan, and Scandinavian peoples also have significant events. Asiatic peoples are also important. Nations belonging to Asiatic peoples with historical notes for this period include Thailand (which was independent). Cities include Osaka. Middle Eastern peoples are also important. Iran (for which I have few details), Egypt (fully independent and Arab nationalist). Turkey (which participated somewhat in WW II) Mesopotamian, Levantine, North African, Persian, and Arabian peoples have all made contributions to the mid-20th century. In South Asia, Bangladesh (Created as East Pakistan) was also significant. Cities include Delhi. India (Newly independent) with its city of Bombay was particularly significant. Pakistan (Created along with India) was significant. Oriental peoples included Japan (One of the Axis powers in World War II, occupied by then allied with the US afterward). Cities include Tokyo, Seoul, Shanghai.China was ivided between Communist and Nationalist and occupied by Japan during World War II, Communist and allied with the USSR afterward. Southeast Asian peoples including Indonesia (Newly independent), the Philippines (Occupied by Japan in World War II, allied with the US during the Cold War) Vietnam (occupied by Japan in WW II, divided between Communist and non-Communist parts afterward) and Central asian peoples are also significant. African peoples are less influential. In Congo there was increasing resistance to colonial rule. East African nations such as Ethiopia can be connected. West African nations including those of Nigeria can be considered. American Indians are submerged Mexico. Cities include Mexico City. South American peoples such as those found in Brazil can be connected. North American Indians such as are found in the United States were submerged. Other history Earlier history, such as classical and medieval, and events of earlier modern history up to the 19th century are mostly indirectly significant to this period. Events of this period are continuations of the early mid 20th century including the early 1920s, late 1920s, early 1930s, and especially the late 1930s. Evens of this period are continued in the late mid 20th century. Analysis in the late 20th century, including the early 1980s, late 1980s, early 1990s, late 1990s, and the early 21st century including the early 2000s and late 2000s is continually taking advantage of newly released information.

Science

Physics and chemistry may be connected. Astronomy including solar system atronomy, stellar astronomy, galactic astronomy, and cosmology can be connected. Earth science including geology, hydrospheric science, atmospheric science, physical geography, and geohistory can be connected. Biology including molecular biology, cell biology, organism biology, systematics, ecology, and biohistory may be useful.

Links to other sites
None yet added.

Personal studies

The human body including body systems, body function, life cycle, disease, and form and appearance can be connected. Psychology including behavioral elements, mind, behavioral patterns, developmental psychology, mental disorders, personality, and social psychology can be connected. Biographies will also be connected. Prominent individuals who lived during the mid 20th century include:

Anthropology

Social foundations including social presentation, social interaction, social control, group types, and group behavior can be connected. Demography including births, deaths, migration, population size and structure, and population change can e connected. Physical anthropology including human origins, racial variation, and human dispersion can be considered. human ecology including the influence of the environment on people, relations with other life, and the influence of people on the environment can be discussed. Human geography including European geography, Asian geography, African geography, North American geography, South American geography, and Oceanic geography, and particular groups will also be discussed.

Culture

Material culture including foodstuffs, clothing, building technology, transportation technology, communication technology, and other artifacts is important. Industrial technology including tools, fuels, chemical technology, machinery, utilities, and other technology can be considered. Conceptual culture including graphic arts, literature, mathematics, applied science and philosophy is useful. Language including linguistics, writing, and languages of the world is important. Behavioral culture including occupations, recreation and entertainment, and cultural events will also be connected. Customs including vital customs, living and dwelling customs, dress and adornment customs, social interation customs, and institutional customs are important.

Institutions

Families including marriage, parenting, kinship, and particular families will be significant. Education including research and teaching is significant. Cultural institutions including museums, libraries, and performance venues will be important. Educational organization including course material, students, faculty, and administration can be considered. Schools including primary education, secondary education, and higher education can be connected. Economics is important. Economic activity including production, consumption, and distribution will be important. Industries including agriculture, extraction and manufacturing, social and medical services,communication, transportation, and commercial and financial services will be important. Economic systems including firms, networks, types of systems, and system behavior can be considered. Developments in government are also important. Law including tribal law, Asiatic law, Western law, and International law can be considered. Government structure including political parties and interest groups, judicial systems, legislative systems, executive systems, heads of state, and government types can be connected. Government activities including administration, succession, and state relations can be considered. Particular governments including local government, national government, and international government is important. Religion including beliefs, practice, organization, and particular traditions including Abrahamic, Asiatic, secular, and pagan traditions will also be significant.

Sociology

Social structure and change

Social structure including anthropological structure, cultural structure, institutional structure, class structure, and community and regional structure is highly important. Social types including hunting and gathering societies, horticultural societies, agrarian societies, and industrial societies are significant. Social change including factors and processes is also significant. Particular changes including the agricultural revolution, agrarian revolution, and industrial revolution can be considered.

Communities are not yet considered in any detail. [ Cairo, Calcutta, Manila, Jakarta,Karachi, Canton, Buenos Aires, Moscow, Beijing, Dacca]. This depends heavily on various peoples of the world.

A few nations have histories. These are included under the major peoples they belong to. United Kingdom, Italy, South Korea, Myanmar, Ukraine, South Africa, Colombia.

Western civilization is quite prominent for this period. Nations belonging to Western Civilization with historical notes for this period include France (Which was defeated and occupied in WW II, but came together afterwards) Cities include Los Angeles. Greatest attention is given to Anglic peoples, including Anglo-Americans and British, but little to Australian peoples. These specifically include the United States (One of the Allies in World War II and opponent of the USSR in the subsequent Cold War), and cities of New York City. Latin peoples are significant. Mexico is also significant. Cities include Mexico City, Sao Paulo. Lusitanic peoples including those of Brazil can be considered. Northeast European includes Russia (Also one of the Allies in World War II and opponent of the US in the subsequent Cold War). Germanic peoples include Germany (One of the Axis powers in World War II and divided after the war). Balkan, and Scandinavian peoples also have significant events.

Asiatic peoples are also important. Nations belonging to Asiatic peoples with historical notes for this period include Thailand (which was independent). Cities include Osaka. Middle Eastern peoples are also important. Iran (for which I have few details), Egypt (fully independent and Arab nationalist). Turkey (which participated somewhat in WW II) Mesopotamian, Levantine, North African, Persian, and Arabian peoples have all made contributions to the mid-20th century. In South Asia, Bangladesh (Created as East Pakistan) was also significant. Cities include Delhi. India (Newly independent) with its city of Bombay was particularly significant. Pakistan (Created along with India) was significant. Oriental peoples included Japan (One of the Axis powers in World War II, occupied by then allied with the US afterward). Cities include Tokyo, Seoul, Shanghai.China was ivided between Communist and Nationalist and occupied by Japan during World War II, Communist and allied with the USSR afterward. Southeast Asian peoples including Indonesia (Newly independent), the Philippines (Occupied by Japan in World War II, allied with the US during the Cold War) Vietnam (occupied by Japan in WW II, divided between Communist and non-Communist parts afterward) and Central asian peoples are also significant.

African peoples are less influential. In Congo there was increasing resistance to colonial rule. East African nations such as Ethiopia can be connected. West African nations including those of Nigeria can be considered.

American Indians are submerged Mexico. Cities include Mexico City. South American peoples such as those found in Brazil can be connected. North American Indians such as are found in the United States were submerged.

Other history

Earlier history, such as classical and medieval, and events of earlier modern history up to the 19th century are mostly indirectly significant to this period. Events of this period are continuations of the early mid 20th century including the early 1920s, late 1920s, early 1930s, and especially the late 1930s.

Evens of this period are continued in the late mid 20th century. Analysis in the late 20th century, including the early 1980s, late 1980s, early 1990s, late 1990s, and the early 21st century including the early 2000s and late 2000s is continually taking advantage of newly released information.

Top