Late 20th Century (1981 - 2000)


The late 20th century is noted especially for the collapse of the Soviet Union, and the virtual end of the Cold War. The focus of international attention and conflict began to shift to the Middle East.	Sapience Home Site Map About Sapience History Modern History 20th Century Early 1980s Late 1980s Early 1990s Late 1990s

The late 20th century is noted especially for the collapse of the Soviet Union, and the virtual end of the Cold War. The focus of international attention and conflict began to shift to the Middle East.

Early 1980s (1981 - 1985)

Ronald Reagan, a noted anti-Communist, took office as US President and US-Soviet tensions increased. Margaret Thatcher, as Prime Minister of the UK, led Britain to reclaim the Falkland Islands after they had been invaded by Argentina. Brezhnev died and after two other short-lived successors, Mikhail Gorbachev was named as leader of the Soviet Union. Indira Gandhi of India was assassinated. China, under Mao's successors, began turning away from Marxist economic principles, and began a program of economic, though not political liberalization.

Late 1980s (1986 - 1990)

Ronald Reagan was succeeded by George H. W. Bush. Margaret Thatcher in the UK faced difficult economic problems and eventually fell from power. In the USSR, Gorbachev, in attempts to liberalize society and restructure the failing economy, lost political control of the Soviet Bloc. Communist governments throughout Eastern Europe collapsed. In Brazil, civilian government repladed military rule. In India, Rajiv Gandhi, the son of Indira, attempted political reforms. A political reform movement in China which had been prompted by the collapse of Communism in the USSR and Eastern Europe was supressed. Events of 1986. 1987, 1988, 1989, and 1990 can be considered.

Early 1990s (1991 - 1995)

The US expelled Iraqi forces from Kuwait. John Major of the UK, who had succeeded Thatcher, supported the US. The USSR broke up into its constituent republics, with the Russian Federation as the largest. US leadership underwent a change in the majority party with the election of Bill Clinton as President. The President of Brazil was impeached and removed from office. Details of 1991, 1992, 1993, 1994, and 1995 can be included.

Late 1990s (1996 - 2000)

Several nations underwent significant changes in leadership. In the United Kingdom, Tony Blair led the Labor party to an overwhelming victory over the Conservative party. In Germany, and India, political changes were accompanied by changes in the majority party. Russia's leader Vladimir Putin, a former intelligence agent, was appointed to the position of President and reelected in part due to a disunited opposition. International attention was focused on the continuing breakup of the former Yugoslavia, and the continuing Palestinian-Israeli conflict. In China, the focus was on economic development. The leader of Zaire was deposed, and his successor renamed the country the Democratic Republic of the Congo. In 1996 I have no details yet. In 1997, the US reported a good economy and a balanced budget. I have no details yet for 1998. In 1999 the US participated in NATO airstrikes in the former Yugoslavia in the Kosovo conflict. In 2000, Republican George H. W. Bush was elected President by an extremely narrow margin. China was noted for repression of the Falun Gong religious sect.


Other History Prehistory Early prehistory including the Pliocene, early Pleistocene, early mid Pleistocene, late mid Pleistocene, and late Pleistocene can be connected. Middle prehistory including the 5th decamillenniun BP, 4th decamillennium BP, 3rd decamillennium BP, 2nd decamillennium BP, and 1st decamillennium BP can be connected. Late prehistory including the early 8th millennium BP, late 8th millennium BP, early 7th millennium BP, late 7th millennium BP, early 6th millennium BP, and late 6th millennium BP can be connected. Antiquity The 5th millennium BC including the early 5th millennium BC, early mid 5th millennium BC, mid 5th millennium BC, late mid 5th millennium BC, and late 5th millennium BC can be connected. The 4th millennium BC including the early 4th millennium BC, early mid 4th millennium BC, mid 4th milennium BC, late mid 4th millennium BC, and late 5th millennium BC can be connected. The 3rd millennium BC including the early 3rd millennium BC, early mid 3rd millennium BC, mid 3rd millennium BC, late mid 3rd millennium BC, and late 3rd millennium BC can be connected. The 2nd millennium BC including the early 2nd millennium BC, early mid 2nd millennium BC, mid 2nd millennium BC, late mid 2nd millennium BC, and late 2nd millennium BC can be connected. The early 1st millennium BC including the 10th century BC, 8th century BC, 8th century BC, 7th century BC, and 6th century BC can be connected. Classical and medieval history Early classical history including the 5th century BC, 4th century BC, 3rd century BC, 2nd century BC, and 1st century BC can be connected. Late classical history including the 1st century CE, 2nd century CE, 3rd century CE, 4th century CE, and 5th century CE can be connected. Early medieval history including the 6th century, 7th century, 8th century, 9th century, and 10th century can be connected. Late medieval history including the 11th century, 12th century, 13th century, 14th century, and 15th century can be connected.	Links to other sites Timeline of the 20th Century 1980-1989 (About.com) Timeline of the 20th Century 1990-1999(About.com) 1980s- Wikipedia 1990s- Wikipedia In the 80s - Timeline of the Eighties. Timeline of the 1990s, Major events of the 90s Eighty- Definition and much more from Answers.com Ninety - Definition and much more from Answers.com BBC- Cult - I Love the 1980s BBC- Cult - I Love the 1990s The 1980s Fanlisting! Index Media History Timeline- 1980s 1990s Flashback- 1990-1999
Other Modern History The 16th century including the early 16th century, early mid 16th century, mid 16th century, late mid 16th century, and late 16th century can be connected. The 17th century including the early 17th century, early mid 17th century, mid 17th century, late mid 17th century, and late 17th century can be connected. The 18th century including the early 18th century, early mid 18th century, mid 18th century, late mid 18th century, and late 18th century can be connected. The 19th century including the early 19th century, early mid 19th century, mid 19th century, late mid 19th century, and late 19th century is indirectly useful here. Earlier 20th century history including the early 20th century and early mid 20th century can be connected. The events of the mid 20th century are still remembered by the older generation of people. This period is a continuation of the Late mid 20th century and follows from events of the early 1960s, late 1960s, early 1970s, and especially the late 1970s. This period is directly followed by the early 21st century, including the early 2000s, including the years 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004, and 2005. It has also been reviewed in the late 2000s including 2006, 2007, 2008, 2009, and 2010. The early 2010s including 2011 can be connected. Future This period is most closely connected to the near future with next month, next quarter, and next year. The middle future including the next 5 years, next 20 years, next century, and next 5 centuries can be connected. The far future including the next 2 millennia, next 10,000 years, next 200,000 years, next million years, amd beyond the next million might be connected. Sociology As with history in general, modern history, and the 20th century, the examination of peoples of the world, communities, and social structure and change gives weight and substance to late 20th century history. Institutions Religion, government, economics, education, and families can be applied to examination of the early 1980s, late 1980s, early 1990s, and late 1990s. Culture Behavioral culture, conceptual culture, and material culture can be applied to the early 1980s, late 1980s, and early 1990s. Behavioral culture Behavioral culture including cultural events, recreation and entertainment, occupations, and customs can be applied to the early 1980s, late 1980s, early 1990s, and late 1990s. Cultural events such as miscellaneous events, disasters, fairs and conventions, and holidays will be better connected as it is developed. Recreation and entertainment including sports, games, theater, dance, and music can be connected. Occupations including service occupations, industrial occupations, Communication related occupations, transportation related occupations, Building related occupations, and food related occupations can be connected. Customs including vital customs, living and dwelling customs, dress and adornment customs, social interaction customs, and institutional customs is important. Conceptual culture Philosophy including philosophical schools and doctrines, special topics, ethics, aesthetics, metaphysics, epistemology, and logic can be connected. Applied science including applied social science, accounting, information and computing science, medical science, navigation, engineering science, and measurement can be considered. Mathematics including statistics, geometry, analysis, algebra, arithmetic, and mathematical foundations can be considered. Literature including literary works, types and genres, forms, and oral tradition can be considered. Graphic arts including animation, photography, printmaking, painting, and drawing can be connected. Language including linguistics, writing, and languages of the world is important. Material culture Miscellaneous artifacts including sculpture, toys, medicines, and musical instruments can be connected. Communications technology including electronic communication, graphic communication, and written communication can be connected. Transportation technology including space transportation, air transportation, water transportation, land transportation, and packaging can be connected. Clothing including adornment, garments, and textiles can be connected. Foodstuffs including prepared food, preserved and processed food, and raw foodstuffs can be connected. Buildings including outdoor structures, complete buildings, building components, furnishings, and materials can be connected. Industrial technology including tools, fuels, chemical technology, machinery, utilities, and other technology contined to advance. Anthropology Particular groups, human geography, human ecology, physical anthropology, demography, and social foundations can be applied to the early 1980s, late 1980s, early 1990s, and late 1990s. Particular groups Particular groups will be useful. al-Qaeda American Academy of Arts and Sciences Royal Society Victorian society World History Association Human geography Asian geography including Southwest Asian, South Asian, Southeast Asian, East Asian, Central Asian, and North Asian geography can be connected. European geography including Balkan geography, Italian geography, Iberian geography, East European geography, Central European geography, Northeast European geography, Island geography, and Scandinavian geography can be connected. African geography including East African geography, North African geography, West African geography, North Central African geography, South Central African geography, and Southern African beography can be connected. North American geography including Northern North American, Middle North American, and Southern North American gegraphy can be connected. South American geography can be connected. Oceanic geography can be connected. Human ecology Human effects on the environment can be connected. Relations with other life can be connected. Environmental influences on people can be connected. Physical anthropology Human dispersion can be connected. Racial variation can be connected. Human origins can be connected. Demography Population change can be connected. Population size and structure can be connected. Mortality and morbidity can be connected. Migration can be connected. Births can be connected. Social foundations Social group behavior can be connected. Social group types can be connected. Social control can be connected. Social interactions can be connected. Social presentation can be connected. Personal studies Biography, psychology, and the human body can be applied to the early 1980s, late 1980s, early 1990s, and late 1990s. Biography Particular biographies can be connected. Blair, Tony Bush, George H.W. Bush, George W. Carter, Jimmy Chirac, Jacques Clinton, Bill Ford, Gerald R. Gorbachev, Mikail Hu Jintao Kohl, Helmut Major, John Mitterand, Francois Putin, Vladimir Reagan, Ronald Schroeder, Gerhard Thatcher, Margaret Vajpayee, Atal Bihari Psychology Social psychology can be connected. Personality can be connected. Mental disorders can be connected. Developmental psychology can be connected. Behavior patterns can be connected. Mind can be connected. Behavioral elements can be connected. Human body Human form and appearance can be connected. Disease can be connected. The human life cycle can be connected. Body function can be connected. Body systems can be connected. Science Biology, earth science, astronomy, chemistry, and physics can be applied to the early 1980s, late 1980s, early 1990s, and late 1990s. Biology Biohistory including Precambrian, Paleozoic, Mesozoic, and Cenozoic can be connected. Ecology including biogreography, ecosystems, evolution, systems ecology, population ecology, and behavioral ecology can be connected. Systematics including animals, fungi, plants, protists, and microbes can be connected. Organism biology including behavior, life cycle, form, organ systems, tissues, and habitat can be connected. Cell biology including cell behavior, cell types, and cell anatomy can be connected. Molecular biology including nucleic acids, proteins, lipids, carbohydrates, small organics, and inorganics can be connected. Earth sciences including geology can be connected. Geohistory including the Precambrian, Paleozoic, Mesozoic, and Cenozoic can be connected. Physical geography including mapping, oceanic geography, and terrestrial geography can be connected. Atmospheric science including climatology, meteorology, and atmospheric structure can be connected. Hydrospheric science including oceanography, glaciology, groundwater, and freshwater can be connected. Astronomy including Solar system astronomy, stellar astronomy, galactic astronomy, and cosmology can be connected. Scientific discoveries in chemistry including chemical systems, chemical change, and chemical subsstances can be considered. Discoveries in physics including the structure of matter, quantum physics, relativity, electromagnetism, thermodynamics, and mechanics are regularly reported.

Other History

Prehistory

Early prehistory including the Pliocene, early Pleistocene, early mid Pleistocene, late mid Pleistocene, and late Pleistocene can be connected. Middle prehistory including the 5th decamillenniun BP, 4th decamillennium BP, 3rd decamillennium BP, 2nd decamillennium BP, and 1st decamillennium BP can be connected. Late prehistory including the early 8th millennium BP, late 8th millennium BP, early 7th millennium BP, late 7th millennium BP, early 6th millennium BP, and late 6th millennium BP can be connected.

Antiquity

The 5th millennium BC including the early 5th millennium BC, early mid 5th millennium BC, mid 5th millennium BC, late mid 5th millennium BC, and late 5th millennium BC can be connected. The 4th millennium BC including the early 4th millennium BC, early mid 4th millennium BC, mid 4th milennium BC, late mid 4th millennium BC, and late 5th millennium BC can be connected. The 3rd millennium BC including the early 3rd millennium BC, early mid 3rd millennium BC, mid 3rd millennium BC, late mid 3rd millennium BC, and late 3rd millennium BC can be connected. The 2nd millennium BC including the early 2nd millennium BC, early mid 2nd millennium BC, mid 2nd millennium BC, late mid 2nd millennium BC, and late 2nd millennium BC can be connected. The early 1st millennium BC including the 10th century BC, 8th century BC, 8th century BC, 7th century BC, and 6th century BC can be connected.

Classical and medieval history

Early classical history including the 5th century BC, 4th century BC, 3rd century BC, 2nd century BC, and 1st century BC can be connected. Late classical history including the 1st century CE, 2nd century CE, 3rd century CE, 4th century CE, and 5th century CE can be connected. Early medieval history including the 6th century, 7th century, 8th century, 9th century, and 10th century can be connected. Late medieval history including the 11th century, 12th century, 13th century, 14th century, and 15th century can be connected.

Other Modern History

The 16th century including the early 16th century, early mid 16th century, mid 16th century, late mid 16th century, and late 16th century can be connected. The 17th century including the early 17th century, early mid 17th century, mid 17th century, late mid 17th century, and late 17th century can be connected. The 18th century including the early 18th century, early mid 18th century, mid 18th century, late mid 18th century, and late 18th century can be connected. The 19th century including the early 19th century, early mid 19th century, mid 19th century, late mid 19th century, and late 19th century is indirectly useful here.

Earlier 20th century history including the early 20th century and early mid 20th century can be connected. The events of the mid 20th century are still remembered by the older generation of people. This period is a continuation of the Late mid 20th century and follows from events of the early 1960s, late 1960s, early 1970s, and especially the late 1970s.

This period is directly followed by the early 21st century, including the early 2000s, including the years 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004, and 2005. It has also been reviewed in the late 2000s including 2006, 2007, 2008, 2009, and 2010. The early 2010s including 2011 can be connected.

Future

This period is most closely connected to the near future with next month, next quarter, and next year. The middle future including the next 5 years, next 20 years, next century, and next 5 centuries can be connected. The far future including the next 2 millennia, next 10,000 years, next 200,000 years, next million years, amd beyond the next million might be connected.

Sociology

As with history in general, modern history, and the 20th century, the examination of peoples of the world, communities, and social structure and change gives weight and substance to late 20th century history.

Institutions

Religion, government, economics, education, and families can be applied to examination of the early 1980s, late 1980s, early 1990s, and late 1990s.

Culture

Behavioral culture, conceptual culture, and material culture can be applied to the early 1980s, late 1980s, and early 1990s.

Behavioral culture

Behavioral culture including cultural events, recreation and entertainment, occupations, and customs can be applied to the early 1980s, late 1980s, early 1990s, and late 1990s.

Cultural events such as miscellaneous events, disasters, fairs and conventions, and holidays will be better connected as it is developed. Recreation and entertainment including sports, games, theater, dance, and music can be connected. Occupations including service occupations, industrial occupations, Communication related occupations, transportation related occupations, Building related occupations, and food related occupations can be connected. Customs including vital customs, living and dwelling customs, dress and adornment customs, social interaction customs, and institutional customs is important.

Conceptual culture

Philosophy including philosophical schools and doctrines, special topics, ethics, aesthetics, metaphysics, epistemology, and logic can be connected. Applied science including applied social science, accounting, information and computing science, medical science, navigation, engineering science, and measurement can be considered. Mathematics including statistics, geometry, analysis, algebra, arithmetic, and mathematical foundations can be considered. Literature including literary works, types and genres, forms, and oral tradition can be considered. Graphic arts including animation, photography, printmaking, painting, and drawing can be connected. Language including linguistics, writing, and languages of the world is important.

Material culture

Miscellaneous artifacts including sculpture, toys, medicines, and musical instruments can be connected. Communications technology including electronic communication, graphic communication, and written communication can be connected. Transportation technology including space transportation, air transportation, water transportation, land transportation, and packaging can be connected. Clothing including adornment, garments, and textiles can be connected. Foodstuffs including prepared food, preserved and processed food, and raw foodstuffs can be connected. Buildings including outdoor structures, complete buildings, building components, furnishings, and materials can be connected. Industrial technology including tools, fuels, chemical technology, machinery, utilities, and other technology contined to advance.

Anthropology

Particular groups, human geography, human ecology, physical anthropology, demography, and social foundations can be applied to the early 1980s, late 1980s, early 1990s, and late 1990s.

Particular groups

Particular groups will be useful.

Human geography

Asian geography including Southwest Asian, South Asian, Southeast Asian, East Asian, Central Asian, and North Asian geography can be connected. European geography including Balkan geography, Italian geography, Iberian geography, East European geography, Central European geography, Northeast European geography, Island geography, and Scandinavian geography can be connected. African geography including East African geography, North African geography, West African geography, North Central African geography, South Central African geography, and Southern African beography can be connected. North American geography including Northern North American, Middle North American, and Southern North American gegraphy can be connected. South American geography can be connected. Oceanic geography can be connected.

Human ecology

Human effects on the environment can be connected. Relations with other life can be connected. Environmental influences on people can be connected.

Physical anthropology

Human dispersion can be connected. Racial variation can be connected. Human origins can be connected.

Demography

Population change can be connected. Population size and structure can be connected. Mortality and morbidity can be connected. Migration can be connected. Births can be connected.

Social foundations

Social group behavior can be connected. Social group types can be connected. Social control can be connected. Social interactions can be connected. Social presentation can be connected.

Personal studies

Biography, psychology, and the human body can be applied to the early 1980s, late 1980s, early 1990s, and late 1990s.

Biography

Particular biographies can be connected.

Psychology

Social psychology can be connected. Personality can be connected. Mental disorders can be connected. Developmental psychology can be connected. Behavior patterns can be connected. Mind can be connected. Behavioral elements can be connected.

Human body

Human form and appearance can be connected. Disease can be connected. The human life cycle can be connected. Body function can be connected. Body systems can be connected.

Science

Biology, earth science, astronomy, chemistry, and physics can be applied to the early 1980s, late 1980s, early 1990s, and late 1990s.

Biology

Biohistory including Precambrian, Paleozoic, Mesozoic, and Cenozoic can be connected. Ecology including biogreography, ecosystems, evolution, systems ecology, population ecology, and behavioral ecology can be connected. Systematics including animals, fungi, plants, protists, and microbes can be connected. Organism biology including behavior, life cycle, form, organ systems, tissues, and habitat can be connected. Cell biology including cell behavior, cell types, and cell anatomy can be connected. Molecular biology including nucleic acids, proteins, lipids, carbohydrates, small organics, and inorganics can be connected.

Earth sciences including geology can be connected. Geohistory including the Precambrian, Paleozoic, Mesozoic, and Cenozoic can be connected. Physical geography including mapping, oceanic geography, and terrestrial geography can be connected. Atmospheric science including climatology, meteorology, and atmospheric structure can be connected. Hydrospheric science including oceanography, glaciology, groundwater, and freshwater can be connected.

Astronomy including Solar system astronomy, stellar astronomy, galactic astronomy, and cosmology can be connected. Scientific discoveries in chemistry including chemical systems, chemical change, and chemical subsstances can be considered. Discoveries in physics including the structure of matter, quantum physics, relativity, electromagnetism, thermodynamics, and mechanics are regularly reported.

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