Early Middle 20th Century


In this period, it became increasingly apparent that the "War to end al wars" had not done so. The new transportation and communication technologies that were being developed were given military applications. In most major nations, Socialist and fascist idealogies were used to address the effects of a major economic depression and embodied in belligerent militarized secular dictatorships. The period closed with the beginnings of a second and more extensive World War, which included Asia as well as Europe.	Sapience Home Site Map About Sapience History Modern History 20th Century Early 1920s Late 1920s Early 1930s Late 1930s
The few events listed here are only a sampling of the important developments of this period.

In this period, it became increasingly apparent that the "War to end al wars" had not done so. The new transportation and communication technologies that were being developed were given military applications. In most major nations, Socialist and fascist idealogies were used to address the effects of a major economic depression and embodied in belligerent militarized secular dictatorships. The period closed with the beginnings of a second and more extensive World War, which included Asia as well as Europe.

The few events listed here are only a sampling of the important developments of this period.

Early 1920s

With Lenin's leadership, the Communist took control of the Russian Empire, renaming it the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, and adapted Marxism to be the state-approved ideology.

Late 1920s

Speculation in stocks in the US created a financial bubble. When the stock market crashed in 1929, it initiated a worldwide economic depression.

Early 1930s

Japan occupied Manchuria and set up a puppet state in China.

Late 1930s

The United States began providing military aid to the British when World War II began. The need for production initiated true recovery from the depression. The Japanese invaded China in 1937. This event considered by many to be true beginning of World War II.


Connections and applications of science including physics and chemistry will be included as the site develops. Astronomy including solar system astronomy, stellar astronomy, galactic astronomy, and cosmology can be connected. Earth science including geology, hydrospheric science, atmospheric science, phycical geography, and geohistory can be connected. Biology including molecular biology, cell biology, organism biology, systematics, ecology, and biohistory can be connected.	Links to other sites None yet added.
Personal studies The human body including body systems, body functions, human life cycle, disease, and form and appearance can be connected. Psychology including behavioral elements, mind, behavior patterns, developmental psychology, mental disorders, personality, and social psychology can be connected. Biographies will also be connected. Prominent individuals of this period include: Edison Einstein Hitler Marconi Bell Fleming Heisenberg Rutherford Planck Stalin Freud Roentgen Fermi Kennedy Pincus Lenin Mao Ford Gorbachev Curie Anthropology Social foundations including social presentation, social interaction social control, group types, and group behavior can be connected. Demography including births, deaths, migration, population size and structure, and population change can be connected. Physical anthropology including human origins, racial variation, and human dispersion can be connected. Human ecology including environmental effects on people, relations with other life, and human effects of the environment can be considered. human geography including European geography, Asian geography, African geography, North American geography, South American geography, Oceanic geography can be connected. Particular groups will also be detailed in future developments. Culture Material culture including foodstuffs, clothing, buildings, transportation technology, communication techology,industrial technology, and other artifacts is important. Industrial technology including tools, fuels, chemical technology, machinery, utilities, and other technology is important. Conceptual culture, including graphic arts, literature with its areas of tradition and mythology, nonfiction, and imaginative literature, mathematics, applied science, and philosophy also developed. language including linguistics, writing, and languagees of the world can be considered. Behavioral culture including customs, occupations, recreation and entertainment, and cultural events is important. Customs including vital customs, living and dwelling customs, dress and adornment customs, social interaction customs, and institutional customs are important. Institutions Families including marriage, parenting, kinship, and particular families have important connections. Education including research and teaching is valuable. Cultural institutions such as museums, libraries, and performance venues can be considered. Educational organization including course material, students, faculty, and administration can be connected. Schools including primary education, secondary education, and higher education can be connected. Economics is also useful. Economic activity including production, distribution, and concumption can also be considered. Industries including companies, agriculture, extraction and manufacturing, building industry, social and medical services, transportation, communication, and commercial and financial services will be important. Economic systems including firms, networks, system types, and system behavior can be connected. Government will also be connected. Law including tribal law, Asiatic law, Western law, and international law can be considered. Government structure including political parties and interest groups, judiical systems, legislative systems, executive systems, heads of state, and forms of government can be connected. Government activities such as administration, succession, and state relations are important. Particular governments including local government, national government, and international government can be connected. Religion including religious belief, practice, organization, and particular traditions such as Abrahamic, Asiatic, secularist, and pagan will also be important. Sociology Social structure and change can be considered. Social structure including anthropological structure, cultural structure, institutional structure, class structure, and community and regional structure can be applied. Social types including hunting and gathering societes, horticultural societes, agrarian societies, and industrial societes are significant. Social change including factors can also be considered. Processes of change including innovation, transmission, adaptation, and extinction can be considered. Particular changes including the agricultural revolution, agrarian revolution, and industrial revolution can be considered. Communities will be considered in more detail as the site developed. [ Osaka, Cairo] Peoples of the world will be valuable. A few nations have been detailed for this period and are included under the peoples they belong to. Congo, UK, Italy, South Korea. Western civilization is particularly significant. Nations can be considered France industrialized substantially. Cities include Los Angeles. Anglic peoples such as those of the United States (which was at first prosperous but fell into a depresion), also including Anglo-Americans and British, are especially prominent; Australians are not. Cities include New York City. Latin peoples including Mexico (which was engaged in economic and social reform), and cities such as Mexico City are not as well known as others. Sao Paulo was also important. Lusitanic peoples including Brazil can be considered. Northeast European peoples included Russia (under Communist rule). Germanic peoples include Germany which struggled in the depression, and then began rearming. Scandinavian, and Balkan peoples have had important events associated with them. Asiatic peoples are significant. In Thailand a coup led to the formation of a constitutional rather than absolute monarchy. Cities include Shanghai. Among Middle Eastern peoples, In Iran, the Qajar dynasty was overthrown and Iran began to industrialize. These peoples further include Mesopotamian, Levantine, Persian, and North African peoples. Egypt was under British rule. Turkey formed from the remnants of the Ottoman Empire. South Asian peoples include India (which was agitating seriously for independence) with its city of Bombay, Pakistan (was part of India). Bangladesh (part of India), Cities include Delhi.Oriental peoples include China (which was split between Nationalists and communists and was invaded by Japan). Japan (which invaded China). Cities include Tokyo, Seoul. Southeast Asian including Indonesia (Under Dutch rule) the Philippines (under American rule) Vietnam (Under French rule) and Central Asian peoples were influential to differing degrees. African peoples can be connected. In Ethiopia, upon the death her cousin succeed to the throne with the name of Haile Selassie. Events of Western Africa can be considered. Nigeria was under British colonial rule. American Indian peoples can be considered. Mexico. Cities include Mexico City. South American Indians including those of Brazil can be considered. North American indian peoples were submerged and are considered along with the United States Other history Events of this period are not closely connected to earlier history, such as classical and medieval or earlier modern history such as the 19th century. Events of this period are continuations of the early 20th century including the early 1900s, late 1900s, early 1910s, and late 1919s. They are continued in the middle 20th century and are studied in the late-mid and late 20th century, including the early 1980s, late 1980s, early 1990s, late 1990s, and and in the early 21st century including the early 2000s and late 2000s as well.

Connections and applications of science including physics and chemistry will be included as the site develops. Astronomy including solar system astronomy, stellar astronomy, galactic astronomy, and cosmology can be connected. Earth science including geology, hydrospheric science, atmospheric science, phycical geography, and geohistory can be connected. Biology including molecular biology, cell biology, organism biology, systematics, ecology, and biohistory can be connected.

Links to other sites
None yet added.

Personal studies

The human body including body systems, body functions, human life cycle, disease, and form and appearance can be connected. Psychology including behavioral elements, mind, behavior patterns, developmental psychology, mental disorders, personality, and social psychology can be connected. Biographies will also be connected. Prominent individuals of this period include:

Anthropology

Social foundations including social presentation, social interaction social control, group types, and group behavior can be connected. Demography including births, deaths, migration, population size and structure, and population change can be connected. Physical anthropology including human origins, racial variation, and human dispersion can be connected. Human ecology including environmental effects on people, relations with other life, and human effects of the environment can be considered. human geography including European geography, Asian geography, African geography, North American geography, South American geography, Oceanic geography can be connected. Particular groups will also be detailed in future developments.

Culture

Material culture including foodstuffs, clothing, buildings, transportation technology, communication techology,industrial technology, and other artifacts is important. Industrial technology including tools, fuels, chemical technology, machinery, utilities, and other technology is important. Conceptual culture, including graphic arts, literature with its areas of tradition and mythology, nonfiction, and imaginative literature, mathematics, applied science, and philosophy also developed. language including linguistics, writing, and languagees of the world can be considered. Behavioral culture including customs, occupations, recreation and entertainment, and cultural events is important. Customs including vital customs, living and dwelling customs, dress and adornment customs, social interaction customs, and institutional customs are important.

Institutions

Families including marriage, parenting, kinship, and particular families have important connections. Education including research and teaching is valuable. Cultural institutions such as museums, libraries, and performance venues can be considered. Educational organization including course material, students, faculty, and administration can be connected. Schools including primary education, secondary education, and higher education can be connected. Economics is also useful. Economic activity including production, distribution, and concumption can also be considered. Industries including companies, agriculture, extraction and manufacturing, building industry, social and medical services, transportation, communication, and commercial and financial services will be important. Economic systems including firms, networks, system types, and system behavior can be connected. Government will also be connected. Law including tribal law, Asiatic law, Western law, and international law can be considered. Government structure including political parties and interest groups, judiical systems, legislative systems, executive systems, heads of state, and forms of government can be connected. Government activities such as administration, succession, and state relations are important. Particular governments including local government, national government, and international government can be connected. Religion including religious belief, practice, organization, and particular traditions such as Abrahamic, Asiatic, secularist, and pagan will also be important.

Sociology

Social structure and change can be considered. Social structure including anthropological structure, cultural structure, institutional structure, class structure, and community and regional structure can be applied. Social types including hunting and gathering societes, horticultural societes, agrarian societies, and industrial societes are significant. Social change including factors can also be considered. Processes of change including innovation, transmission, adaptation, and extinction can be considered. Particular changes including the agricultural revolution, agrarian revolution, and industrial revolution can be considered.

Communities will be considered in more detail as the site developed. [ Osaka, Cairo]

Peoples of the world will be valuable. A few nations have been detailed for this period and are included under the peoples they belong to. Congo, UK, Italy, South Korea.

Western civilization is particularly significant. Nations can be considered France industrialized substantially. Cities include Los Angeles. Anglic peoples such as those of the United States (which was at first prosperous but fell into a depresion), also including Anglo-Americans and British, are especially prominent; Australians are not. Cities include New York City. Latin peoples including Mexico (which was engaged in economic and social reform), and cities such as Mexico City are not as well known as others. Sao Paulo was also important. Lusitanic peoples including Brazil can be considered. Northeast European peoples included Russia (under Communist rule). Germanic peoples include Germany which struggled in the depression, and then began rearming. Scandinavian, and Balkan peoples have had important events associated with them.

Asiatic peoples are significant. In Thailand a coup led to the formation of a constitutional rather than absolute monarchy. Cities include Shanghai. Among Middle Eastern peoples, In Iran, the Qajar dynasty was overthrown and Iran began to industrialize. These peoples further include Mesopotamian, Levantine, Persian, and North African peoples. Egypt was under British rule. Turkey formed from the remnants of the Ottoman Empire. South Asian peoples include India (which was agitating seriously for independence) with its city of Bombay, Pakistan (was part of India). Bangladesh (part of India), Cities include Delhi.Oriental peoples include China (which was split between Nationalists and communists and was invaded by Japan). Japan (which invaded China). Cities include Tokyo, Seoul. Southeast Asian including Indonesia (Under Dutch rule) the Philippines (under American rule) Vietnam (Under French rule) and Central Asian peoples were influential to differing degrees.

African peoples can be connected. In Ethiopia, upon the death her cousin succeed to the throne with the name of Haile Selassie. Events of Western Africa can be considered. Nigeria was under British colonial rule.

American Indian peoples can be considered. Mexico. Cities include Mexico City. South American Indians including those of Brazil can be considered. North American indian peoples were submerged and are considered along with the United States

Other history

Events of this period are not closely connected to earlier history, such as classical and medieval or earlier modern history such as the 19th century. Events of this period are continuations of the early 20th century including the early 1900s, late 1900s, early 1910s, and late 1919s.

They are continued in the middle 20th century and are studied in the late-mid and late 20th century, including the early 1980s, late 1980s, early 1990s, late 1990s, and and in the early 21st century including the early 2000s and late 2000s as well.

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