Early 20th Century


The early 20th century is considered by most historians as more closely related to the 19th century. It is noted for the breakup of most of the empires of the early modern period. In large part, this came as a consequence of the first World War. In the aftermath of this unexpectedly widespread, long, and appallingly destructive war, there were widespread rearrangements of colonies and their administration, and an attempt to form a world government was made.	Sapience Home Site Map About Sapience History Modern History 20th Century Early 1900s Late 1900s Early 1910s Late 1910s

The early 20th century is considered by most historians as more closely related to the 19th century. It is noted for the breakup of most of the empires of the early modern period. In large part, this came as a consequence of the first World War. In the aftermath of this unexpectedly widespread, long, and appallingly destructive war, there were widespread rearrangements of colonies and their administration, and an attempt to form a world government was made.

Early 1900s

The Boxer rebellion was brought to an end in China.

1901 Marconi demonstrates trans-atlantic radio communication.
c. 1904 - 1930 Rutherford investigates radioactivity and nuclear structure.
1905 Einstein publishes four papers in theoretical physics with profound theoretical consequences.
1903 - 1908 Wright brothers, Wilbur and Orville, make the first trials of powered, sustained, and controlled flight and develop the first airplanes.
1903 Ford establishes the Ford Motor Company.
1905 Freud publishes his theories of sexuality and its influence on psychological development.
1905 Ford introduces the Model T, which makes automobiles affordable for most American families.

Late 1900s

Alghough there was serious unrest in Russia, increased disssatisfaction with British rule in India, and serious unrest in China, particular events belonging to this period have not yet been noted.

Early 1910s

In the early 1910s, World War I, then known as "The Great War" began. The US stayed out of the war as a neutral at first.

c. 1911/12 The Manchu or Ch'ing dynasty of China ends. China was partly governed by an initially Republican but increasingly dictatorial nationalist party.
1913 Ford introduces assembly line techniques of mass production of automobiles.
1913 - 1930 Freud extends his psychoanalytic theories to the study of society.

Late 1910s

The United States entered World War I on the side of Great Britain and France, and President Wilson proposed a world government, the League of nations, which the US then refused to join. The post-imperial government of China was proving to be weak and unstable.

c. 1915-1918 CE. World War I, the "Great War" changes the modern world.
1917 CE. Lenin led a revolution that overthrew the Russian monarchy and took control of the Russian empire. Russia withdrew in defeat from World War I


The connections and applications of science including physics and chemistry will be added as the site develops. Astronomy including solar system astronomy, stellar astronomy, galactic astronomy, and cosmology can be connected. Earth science including geology, hydrospheric science, atmospheric science, physical geography, and geohistory can be connected. Biology including molecular biology, cell biology, organism biology, systematics, ecology, and biohistory can be connected.
Personal studies The human body including body systems, body functions, human life cycle, disease, and form and appearance can be connected. Psychology including behavioral elements, mind, behavior patterns, developmental psychology, mental disorders, personality, and social psychology can be connected. This will depend considerably on biography of individuals. Edison Einstein Marconi Hitler Bell Fleming Heisenberg Rutherford Planck Lister Stalin Freud Roentgen Fermi Kennedy Pincus Lenin Mao Ford Curie Gandhi Anthropology Social foundations including social presentation, social interaction, social control, group types, and group behavior may be useful. Demography including births, deaths, migration, population size and structure, and population change can be connected. Physical anthropology including human origins, racial variation, and human dispersion may be useful. Human ecology including the influence of the environment on peoples, relationships with other life, and the influence of people on the environment can be considered. Human geography including European geography, African Geography, North American geography, South American geography, and Oceanic geography will be vital. Asian geography including Southwest Asia, South Asia, Central Asia, Southeast Asia, East Asia, and North Asia will be useful. Particular groups will also be included. Culture Material culture including clothing, buildings, transportation technology, communication technology, and other artifacts will be important. Industrial technology including tools, fuels, chemical technology, machinery, utilities, and other artifacts is significant. Foodstuffs including agricultural products, preserved and processed foods, and prepared foods are useful. Conceptual culture, including literature, mathematics, applied science, and philosophy is significant. Language including linguistics, writing, and languages of the world is important. Graphic arts including drawing, painting, printmaking, and photography are important. Behavioral components such as occupations, performing arts, games, sports, and cultural events will also be discussed. Customs including vital customs, living and dwelling customs, dress and adornment customs, social interation customs, and institutional customs are important. Occupations including food-related, building-related, transportation-related, communications-related, industrial, and service occupations are important. Institutions Families including marriage, parenting, kinship, and oarticular families are important. Education including research and teaching will be useful. Cultural institutions including museums, libraries, and performance venues may be useful. Educational organization including course material, students, faculty, and administration can be connected. Schools including primary education, secondary education, and higher education can be connected. Economics will be significant. Economic activity including production, distribution, and consumption can be considered. Industries including companies, agriculture, extraction and manufacturing industries, building construction,social and medical services, transportation, communication, and commercial and financial services are important. Economic systems including firms, networks, economic system types, and economic system behavior can be connected. Government will also be important. Law including tribal law, Asiatic law, Western law, and international law can be considered. Government structure including parties and interest groups, judicial systems, executive systems, heads of state, and forst of government will be useful. government activity including administration, succession, and state relations can be considered. Particular governments including local, national, and international government can be connected. Religion including beliefs, practice, organization, and particular traditions such as Abrahamic, Asiatic, secular, and pagan will also be discussed. Sociology Social structure and change Social structure including anthropological structure, cultural structure, institutional structure, class structure, and community and regional structure will be highly useful in this period. Social types including hunting and gathering societies, horticultural societies, agrarian societies, and industrial societies are significant. Social changes, which include social change factors are also important. Social change processes including innovation, transmission, adaptation, and extinction can be considered. Particular changes including the agricultural revolution, agrarian revolution, and industrial revolution can be considered. Communities will be discussed as these topics develop. [ Shanghai, Osaka, Cairo, Calcutta, Manila Jakarta, Karachi, Canton] Most importantly peoples of the world are closely connected. Particular nations can be considered. France, Congo, Italy, United Kingdom, and South Korea can be considered. Western Civilization has the most attention given to it. Germany can be considered. Cities include Los Angeles Anglic peoples including Anglo-American, British, and Anglo-Australian peoples are significant; Particular nations include the United States (which entered World War I belatedly) Cities include New York City. Among Latin peoples there was Mexico (which was undergoing the Mexican revolution). Cities include Mexico City, Sao Paulo. Lusitanic peoples including Brazil participated to a limited extent in World War I. Among Northeast European peoples, Russia suffered defeats in the Russo-Japanese war and World War I, and the Tsarist dynasty was replaced by the Communists). Germanic, Balkan, and Scandinavian peoples also appear. Asiatic peoples are significant. Thailandmaintained its independence between British India and Indochna. Cities including Delhi (New Delhi became British capital of India) have contributed to early 20th century history. Among Middle Eastern peoples In Iran, the ruling Qajar dynasty attempted to establish a constitutional monarchy. Egypt came under British rule with the defeat of the Ottoman Empire. The Ottoman empire centered in Turkey was defeated in World War I. South Asian peoples are significant. These include India (In which calls for home rule flourished). Pakistan (then part of India). Bangladesh (then part of India), Cities include Bombay. Oriental peoples including China (in which the Qing dynasty fell) and cities such as Tokyo and Seoul are important. Southeast Asian peoples include Indonesia, (in which there were some calls for independence). The Philippines were under American rule, but there was a native resistance movement. Vietnam was under French rule. Central Asian peoples also have contributions to history. African peoples can be considered. In Ethiopia, In Ethiopia Menelik II died, and was succeeded first by his grandson Lij Iyasu. He was shortly deposed and Menelik's daughter Zauditu was crowned empress. West African peoples including those of Nigeria have less attention. American Indian peoples are mostly submerged. Mexico was undergoing the Mexican Revolution. Mexico City. South American Indians such are found in Brazil were significant. North American Indians found in the United States can be examined. Other history Earlier divisions of history, such as classical and medieval and earlier modern history, are indirectly useful in studies of this period. The events of this period are a continuation of the 19th century, in particular the late 19th century, including the early 1880s, late 1880s, early 1890s, and late 1890s. They are continued in the early mid 20th century. They have also been examined in the late 20th century, including the early 1980s, the late 1980s, early 1990s, and late 1990s and in the early 21st century, including the early 2000s and late 2000s. The future of these studies is obscure.

The connections and applications of science including physics and chemistry will be added as the site develops. Astronomy including solar system astronomy, stellar astronomy, galactic astronomy, and cosmology can be connected. Earth science including geology, hydrospheric science, atmospheric science, physical geography, and geohistory can be connected. Biology including molecular biology, cell biology, organism biology, systematics, ecology, and biohistory can be connected.

Personal studies

The human body including body systems, body functions, human life cycle, disease, and form and appearance can be connected. Psychology including behavioral elements, mind, behavior patterns, developmental psychology, mental disorders, personality, and social psychology can be connected. This will depend considerably on biography of individuals.

Anthropology

Social foundations including social presentation, social interaction, social control, group types, and group behavior may be useful. Demography including births, deaths, migration, population size and structure, and population change can be connected. Physical anthropology including human origins, racial variation, and human dispersion may be useful. Human ecology including the influence of the environment on peoples, relationships with other life, and the influence of people on the environment can be considered. Human geography including European geography, African Geography, North American geography, South American geography, and Oceanic geography will be vital. Asian geography including Southwest Asia, South Asia, Central Asia, Southeast Asia, East Asia, and North Asia will be useful. Particular groups will also be included.

Culture

Material culture including clothing, buildings, transportation technology, communication technology, and other artifacts will be important. Industrial technology including tools, fuels, chemical technology, machinery, utilities, and other artifacts is significant. Foodstuffs including agricultural products, preserved and processed foods, and prepared foods are useful. Conceptual culture, including literature, mathematics, applied science, and philosophy is significant. Language including linguistics, writing, and languages of the world is important. Graphic arts including drawing, painting, printmaking, and photography are important. Behavioral components such as occupations, performing arts, games, sports, and cultural events will also be discussed. Customs including vital customs, living and dwelling customs, dress and adornment customs, social interation customs, and institutional customs are important. Occupations including food-related, building-related, transportation-related, communications-related, industrial, and service occupations are important.

Institutions

Families including marriage, parenting, kinship, and oarticular families are important. Education including research and teaching will be useful. Cultural institutions including museums, libraries, and performance venues may be useful. Educational organization including course material, students, faculty, and administration can be connected. Schools including primary education, secondary education, and higher education can be connected. Economics will be significant. Economic activity including production, distribution, and consumption can be considered. Industries including companies, agriculture, extraction and manufacturing industries, building construction,social and medical services, transportation, communication, and commercial and financial services are important. Economic systems including firms, networks, economic system types, and economic system behavior can be connected. Government will also be important. Law including tribal law, Asiatic law, Western law, and international law can be considered. Government structure including parties and interest groups, judicial systems, executive systems, heads of state, and forst of government will be useful. government activity including administration, succession, and state relations can be considered. Particular governments including local, national, and international government can be connected. Religion including beliefs, practice, organization, and particular traditions such as Abrahamic, Asiatic, secular, and pagan will also be discussed.

Sociology

Social structure and change

Social structure including anthropological structure, cultural structure, institutional structure, class structure, and community and regional structure will be highly useful in this period. Social types including hunting and gathering societies, horticultural societies, agrarian societies, and industrial societies are significant. Social changes, which include social change factors are also important. Social change processes including innovation, transmission, adaptation, and extinction can be considered. Particular changes including the agricultural revolution, agrarian revolution, and industrial revolution can be considered.

Communities will be discussed as these topics develop. [ Shanghai, Osaka, Cairo, Calcutta, Manila Jakarta, Karachi, Canton]

Most importantly peoples of the world are closely connected. Particular nations can be considered. France, Congo, Italy, United Kingdom, and South Korea can be considered.

Western Civilization has the most attention given to it. Germany can be considered. Cities include Los Angeles Anglic peoples including Anglo-American, British, and Anglo-Australian peoples are significant; Particular nations include the United States (which entered World War I belatedly) Cities include New York City. Among Latin peoples there was Mexico (which was undergoing the Mexican revolution). Cities include Mexico City, Sao Paulo. Lusitanic peoples including Brazil participated to a limited extent in World War I. Among Northeast European peoples, Russia suffered defeats in the Russo-Japanese war and World War I, and the Tsarist dynasty was replaced by the Communists). Germanic, Balkan, and Scandinavian peoples also appear.

Asiatic peoples are significant. Thailandmaintained its independence between British India and Indochna. Cities including Delhi (New Delhi became British capital of India) have contributed to early 20th century history. Among Middle Eastern peoples In Iran, the ruling Qajar dynasty attempted to establish a constitutional monarchy. Egypt came under British rule with the defeat of the Ottoman Empire. The Ottoman empire centered in Turkey was defeated in World War I. South Asian peoples are significant. These include India (In which calls for home rule flourished). Pakistan (then part of India). Bangladesh (then part of India), Cities include Bombay. Oriental peoples including China (in which the Qing dynasty fell) and cities such as Tokyo and Seoul are important. Southeast Asian peoples include Indonesia, (in which there were some calls for independence). The Philippines were under American rule, but there was a native resistance movement. Vietnam was under French rule. Central Asian peoples also have contributions to history.

African peoples can be considered. In Ethiopia, In Ethiopia Menelik II died, and was succeeded first by his grandson Lij Iyasu. He was shortly deposed and Menelik's daughter Zauditu was crowned empress. West African peoples including those of Nigeria have less attention.

American Indian peoples are mostly submerged. Mexico was undergoing the Mexican Revolution. Mexico City. South American Indians such are found in Brazil were significant. North American Indians found in the United States can be examined.

Other history

Earlier divisions of history, such as classical and medieval and earlier modern history, are indirectly useful in studies of this period. The events of this period are a continuation of the 19th century, in particular the late 19th century, including the early 1880s, late 1880s, early 1890s, and late 1890s.

They are continued in the early mid 20th century. They have also been examined in the late 20th century, including the early 1980s, the late 1980s, early 1990s, and late 1990s and in the early 21st century, including the early 2000s and late 2000s. The future of these studies is obscure.

Top