Early 19th Century


The industrial revolution continued as steam engines and factories began to develop in Britain. The Napoleonic wars resulted in a great political realignment of Europe and the various European colonies elsewhere in the world.	Sapience Home Site Map About Sapience History Modern History 19th Century

The industrial revolution continued as steam engines and factories began to develop in Britain. The Napoleonic wars resulted in a great political realignment of Europe and the various European colonies elsewhere in the world.

Early 1800s

1794 - 1824 Beethoven composes music known for its exceptional merit.
1799-1815 CE. Napoleon becomes emperor of France and attempts to conquer Europe, but is defeated. Various colonial posessions change hands.
1801 - 1803 Jefferson as 3rd president of US purchases large section of North America from Napoleon and orders its exploration.
c. 1803 - 1810 Dalton proposes atomic theory of matter

Late 1800s

c 1808 - 1820. Bolivar becomes a leader in the South American independence movement.

Early 1810s

Late 1810s


Other History Prehistory including early prehistory, middle prehistory, and late prehistory can be connected. Antiquity including the 5th millennium BC, 4th millennium BC, 3rd millennium BC, 2nd millennium BC, and early 1st millennium BC can be connected. Classical and medieval history including early classical, late classical, early medieval, and late medieval times were often referred to.	Links to other sites: Not yet available
Other Modern history The 16th and 17th centuries are also of not much use, but the 18th century is connected, and particularly the late 18th century including the early 1780s, late 1780s, early 1790s, and late 1790s. This is followed by the early mid 19th century, and by the mid 19th, late-mid 19th, and late 19th century. The 20th century including the early 20th century, early mid 20th century, mid 20th century, late mid 20th century, and late 20th century can be connected. The early 21st century including the early 2000s, late 2000s, and early 2010s can be connected. The future including the near future, middle future, and far future can be connected. Sociology Peoples of the world Particular nations such as are essential in developing these. Burma, Ukraine, Colombia, South Africa, Argentina, Spain, Sudan, Tanzania, Poland, Kenya, Morocco, Algeria, Canada, Afghanistan, Uganda, Nepal, Peru, Uzbekistan, Iraq, Saudi Arabia, Venezuela, Malaysia, North Korea, and Ghana can be considered. Western civilization is important. Italy can be connected. Cities include Mexico City. Anglic peoples can be connected. The United Kingdom was a major opponent of Napoleon's conquests. The United States expanded considerably with the Louisiana purchase Latin peoples are important. France was largely under the rule of Napoleon. Among Hispanic peoples, In Mexico, various revolutionary movements had begun. Among Lusitanic peoples, the Portuguese monarchy went to Brazil to escape Napoleon. Among Germanic peoples, In Germany, part of it was Prussia, which had been defeated by Napoleon, part of it was under the rule of Austria, and part of it was a patchwork of small states. Among Northeast European peoples, Russia was invaded by Napoleon, who met with complete disaster. Russia was also engaged in conflicts in Scandinavia and with the Persia and the Ottoman empire. Asiatic peoples are significant. South Korea can be considered. Cities including Seoul are significant. Middle Eastern peoples including Iran can be considered. I do not yet know much of Turkey. I do not yet know much of Egypt. Among South Asian peoples, in India the British East India company expanded its influence, and the French were expelled. Pakistan gained independence from the Afghans as the Sikh kingdom. British power was more or less centered near Bangladesh. Oriental peoples are significant. China experienced an influx of Western traders and missionaries. Japan was isolationist. Cities include Tokyo (no details). Southeast Asia can be considered. Thailand can be considered. In Mainland Southeast Asia, Vietnam was united under the Nguyen dynasty. The Southeast Asian Archipelagoes can be considered. In Indonesia, the British briefly gained control, but returned it to Dutch rule. The Philippines were under Spanish rule. African peoples including those of Congo (DR) are less well known. Eastern Africa including Ethiopia can be connected. Western African peoples including those of Nigeria can be connected. American Indian peoples including Mexico can be considered. Cities include Mexico City. Among Middle American Indian peoples, the Southwest United States can be connected. Among South American peoples, the Portuguese monarchy went to Brazil to escape Napoleon. Among North American peoples, the United States (which expanded considerably with the Louisiana purchase) can be considered. Eastern North American Indian peoples and Western North American Indian peoples can be considered. Communities Particular communities such as New York City, Bombay, Delhi, Sao Paulo, and Los Angeles are highly significant. Social structure and change Social change including social change factors and processes and particular changes can be identified. Social types including hunting and gathering, horticultural, agrarian, and industrial types can be considered. Social structure including anthropological structure, cultural structure, institutional structure, class structure, and community and regional structure is important. Institutions Religion Particular religious traditions including Abrahamic religion, Asiatic religion, secularism, and pagan religion are especially important. Religious organization including highly structured, fragmented, and loosely structured organization can be connected. Religious practice can be connected. Religious beliefs will be valuable. Government Particular governments including local government, national government, and international government can be connected. Government activity including administration, succession, and state relations will be useful. Government structure including political parties and interest groups, judicial systems, legislative systems, executive systms, heads of state, and forms of government can be connected. Law including tribal law, Asian law, Western law, and international law can be considered. Economics Economic systems including firms, networks, types of systems, and system behavior can be connected. Industries including companies, agriculture, extraction and manufacturing, building and construction, social and medical services, transportation industry, communications industry, and commercial and financial services will be important.Economic activity including consumption, distribution and exchange, and production can be connected. Education Schools including higher education, secondary education, and primary education can be connected. Educational organization including administration, faculty, students, and course material can be connected. Cultural institutions including performance venues, libraries, and museums can be connected. Teaching can be connected. Research can be connected. Families Particular families can be connected. Kinship can be connected. Parenting can be connected. Marriage can be connected. Culture Behavioral culture including customs, occupations, recreation and entertainment, and cultural events will be important. Conceptual culture including language, graphic arts, literature, mathematics, applied scence, and philosophy will be useful. Material culture including Industrial technology, building technology, foodstuffs, clothing, transportation technology, communicaiton technology, and other artifacts can be connected. Anthropology Particular groups can be connected. Human geography including European geography, Asian geography, African geography, North American geography, South American geography, and Oceanic geography will be useful. Human ecology inlcuding the influence of the environment on people, relations with other life, and influence of people on the environment can be considered. Physical anthropology including human origins, racial variation, and human dispersion can be examined. Demography including births, deaths, migration, population structure, and population change can be connected. Social foundations including social presentation, social interaction, social control, group types, and group behavior can be connected. Personal studies Biography, psychology, and the human body can be applied to examination of the early 19th century. Biography will be most directly useful. Darwin Watt Faraday Marx Dalton Napoleon Morton Beethoven Daguerre Bolivar Jefferson Jenner Malthus Babbage Lincoln Psychology including studies of social psychology, personality, mental disorders, developmental psychology, behavior patterns, mind, and behavioral elements can be considered. The Human body including form and appearance, life cycle, disease, body functions, and body systems can be considered. Science Biology including biohistory, ecology, systematics, organism biology, cell biology, and molecular biology can be considered. Earth Science including geohistory, physical geography, atmospheric science, hydrospheric science, and geology can be considered. Astronomy including stellar astronomy and local astronomy can be considered. Chemistry including chemical systems, chemical changes, and chemical substances can be connected. Physics including the structure of matter, modern physics, electromagnetism, thermodynamics, and mechanics can be connected.

Other History

Prehistory including early prehistory, middle prehistory, and late prehistory can be connected. Antiquity including the 5th millennium BC, 4th millennium BC, 3rd millennium BC, 2nd millennium BC, and early 1st millennium BC can be connected. Classical and medieval history including early classical, late classical, early medieval, and late medieval times were often referred to.

Links to other sites: Not yet available

Other Modern history

The 16th and 17th centuries are also of not much use, but the 18th century is connected, and particularly the late 18th century including the early 1780s, late 1780s, early 1790s, and late 1790s.

This is followed by the early mid 19th century, and by the mid 19th, late-mid 19th, and late 19th century.

The 20th century including the early 20th century, early mid 20th century, mid 20th century, late mid 20th century, and late 20th century can be connected. The early 21st century including the early 2000s, late 2000s, and early 2010s can be connected.

The future including the near future, middle future, and far future can be connected.

Sociology

Peoples of the world

Particular nations such as are essential in developing these. Burma, Ukraine, Colombia, South Africa, Argentina, Spain, Sudan, Tanzania, Poland, Kenya, Morocco, Algeria, Canada, Afghanistan, Uganda, Nepal, Peru, Uzbekistan, Iraq, Saudi Arabia, Venezuela, Malaysia, North Korea, and Ghana can be considered.

Western civilization is important. Italy can be connected. Cities include Mexico City. Anglic peoples can be connected. The United Kingdom was a major opponent of Napoleon's conquests. The United States expanded considerably with the Louisiana purchase Latin peoples are important. France was largely under the rule of Napoleon. Among Hispanic peoples, In Mexico, various revolutionary movements had begun. Among Lusitanic peoples, the Portuguese monarchy went to Brazil to escape Napoleon. Among Germanic peoples, In Germany, part of it was Prussia, which had been defeated by Napoleon, part of it was under the rule of Austria, and part of it was a patchwork of small states. Among Northeast European peoples, Russia was invaded by Napoleon, who met with complete disaster. Russia was also engaged in conflicts in Scandinavia and with the Persia and the Ottoman empire.

Asiatic peoples are significant. South Korea can be considered. Cities including Seoul are significant. Middle Eastern peoples including Iran can be considered. I do not yet know much of Turkey. I do not yet know much of Egypt. Among South Asian peoples, in India the British East India company expanded its influence, and the French were expelled. Pakistan gained independence from the Afghans as the Sikh kingdom. British power was more or less centered near Bangladesh. Oriental peoples are significant. China experienced an influx of Western traders and missionaries. Japan was isolationist. Cities include Tokyo (no details). Southeast Asia can be considered. Thailand can be considered. In Mainland Southeast Asia, Vietnam was united under the Nguyen dynasty. The Southeast Asian Archipelagoes can be considered. In Indonesia, the British briefly gained control, but returned it to Dutch rule. The Philippines were under Spanish rule.

African peoples including those of Congo (DR) are less well known. Eastern Africa including Ethiopia can be connected. Western African peoples including those of Nigeria can be connected.

American Indian peoples including Mexico can be considered. Cities include Mexico City. Among Middle American Indian peoples, the Southwest United States can be connected. Among South American peoples, the Portuguese monarchy went to Brazil to escape Napoleon. Among North American peoples, the United States (which expanded considerably with the Louisiana purchase) can be considered. Eastern North American Indian peoples and Western North American Indian peoples can be considered.

Communities

Particular communities such as New York City, Bombay, Delhi, Sao Paulo, and Los Angeles are highly significant.

Social structure and change

Social change including social change factors and processes and particular changes can be identified. Social types including hunting and gathering, horticultural, agrarian, and industrial types can be considered. Social structure including anthropological structure, cultural structure, institutional structure, class structure, and community and regional structure is important.

Institutions

Religion

Particular religious traditions including Abrahamic religion, Asiatic religion, secularism, and pagan religion are especially important. Religious organization including highly structured, fragmented, and loosely structured organization can be connected. Religious practice can be connected. Religious beliefs will be valuable.

Government

Particular governments including local government, national government, and international government can be connected. Government activity including administration, succession, and state relations will be useful. Government structure including political parties and interest groups, judicial systems, legislative systems, executive systms, heads of state, and forms of government can be connected. Law including tribal law, Asian law, Western law, and international law can be considered.

Economics

Economic systems including firms, networks, types of systems, and system behavior can be connected. Industries including companies, agriculture, extraction and manufacturing, building and construction, social and medical services, transportation industry, communications industry, and commercial and financial services will be important.Economic activity including consumption, distribution and exchange, and production can be connected.

Education

Schools including higher education, secondary education, and primary education can be connected. Educational organization including administration, faculty, students, and course material can be connected. Cultural institutions including performance venues, libraries, and museums can be connected. Teaching can be connected. Research can be connected.

Families

Particular families can be connected. Kinship can be connected. Parenting can be connected. Marriage can be connected.

Culture

Behavioral culture including customs, occupations, recreation and entertainment, and cultural events will be important. Conceptual culture including language, graphic arts, literature, mathematics, applied scence, and philosophy will be useful. Material culture including Industrial technology, building technology, foodstuffs, clothing, transportation technology, communicaiton technology, and other artifacts can be connected.

Anthropology

Particular groups can be connected. Human geography including European geography, Asian geography, African geography, North American geography, South American geography, and Oceanic geography will be useful. Human ecology inlcuding the influence of the environment on people, relations with other life, and influence of people on the environment can be considered. Physical anthropology including human origins, racial variation, and human dispersion can be examined. Demography including births, deaths, migration, population structure, and population change can be connected. Social foundations including social presentation, social interaction, social control, group types, and group behavior can be connected.

Personal studies

Biography, psychology, and the human body can be applied to examination of the early 19th century.

Biography will be most directly useful.

Psychology including studies of social psychology, personality, mental disorders, developmental psychology, behavior patterns, mind, and behavioral elements can be considered. The Human body including form and appearance, life cycle, disease, body functions, and body systems can be considered.

Science

Biology including biohistory, ecology, systematics, organism biology, cell biology, and molecular biology can be considered. Earth Science including geohistory, physical geography, atmospheric science, hydrospheric science, and geology can be considered. Astronomy including stellar astronomy and local astronomy can be considered. Chemistry including chemical systems, chemical changes, and chemical substances can be connected. Physics including the structure of matter, modern physics, electromagnetism, thermodynamics, and mechanics can be connected.

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