Late 18th Century


American indepence from Great Britain began a new era in world history, and the industrial revolution began with development of the steam engine.	Sapience Home Site Map About Sapience History Modern History 18th Century

American indepence from Great Britain began a new era in world history, and the industrial revolution began with development of the steam engine.

Early 1780s

American colonies were formally granted independence in 1783.

Late 1780s

Weakness of the US Articles of Confederation prompted formation of a new Constitution. Washington and Franklin participated in the process.

Early 1790s

1789 - 1797. Washington serves as first President of the United States.

Late 1790s

1796-1798 Jenner introduces vaccination as a means to prevent smallpox.


Science including physics, chemistry, astronomy, earth science, and biology can be connected. Personal studies including the human body, psychology, and biography will be more directly useful. Particular individuals include: Faraday Lavoisier Watt Adam Smith Washington Dalton Napoleon Beethoven Daguerre Bolivar Jefferson Jenner Euler Rousseau Malthus Babbage Franklin	Links to other sites: Not yet available
Anthropology Social foundations including social presentation, social interactions, social control, group types, and group behavior might be useful. Demography including births, deaths, migration, population size and structure, and population change will be useful. Physical anthropology including human origins, racial variation, and human dispersion can be connected. Human ecology including environmental effects on people, relations with other life, and human effects on the environment can be connected. Human geography including European geography, Asian geography, African geography, North American geography, South American geography, and Oceanic geography can be considered. Particular groups can also be connected. Culture Material culture including industrial technology, building technology, foodstuffs, clothing, transportation technology, communication technology, and other artifacts will be very important. Conceptual culture including language, graphic arts, literature, mathematics, applied science, and philosophy will be highly important. Behavioral culture including customs, occupations, recreation and entertainment, and cultural events can be connected. Institutions Families including marriage, parenting, kinship, and particular families will be useful. Education including research, teaching, cultural institutions, educational organization, and particular schools can be examined. Economics including activities and industries can be examined. Economic systems including firms, networks, system types, and system behavior can be connected. Government will be useful. Law including tribal law, Asiatic law, Western law, and International law can be connected. Government structure including political parties and interest groups, judicial systems, legislative systems, executive systems, heads of state, and forms of government can be connected. Government activity including administration, succession, and state relations can be connected. Particular governments including local government, national government, and international government will be useful. Religion including religious belief, practice, and organization can also be followed. Particular religions including Abrahamic, Asiatic, Pagan religion, and secularism can be examined. Sociology Social structure and change Social structure including anthropological structure, cultural structure, institutional structure, class structure, and community and regional structure will be useful. Social types including hunting and gathering societies, horticultural societies, agrarian societies, and industrial societies can be considered. Social change including factors, processes, and particular changes will be useful. Communities such as Mexico City, New York City, Bombay, Delhi, Sao Paulo, and Los Angeles can be connected. Peoples are highly significant. Particular nations can be used to examine peoples. Germany, Egypt, Ethiopia, Turkey, Iran, Thailand, and France can be considered. Western civilization was particularly important. In Mexico, the town of Los Angeles was founded in California. Anglic peoples were becoming more important. The United States was granted independence. Among Latin peoples, I have little information on Brazil except that it remained a Portuguese colony. Northeast European peoples are significant. Russia fought with the Ottoman empire, took part of Poland, and expanded to about its present European borders. Asiatic peoples can be considered. In Vietnam the country was divided into parts ruled by the Trinh dynasty in the north, the Tay Soh dynasty in the center, and the Nguyen dynasty in the south. Cities including Seoul can be considered. Among South Asian peoples, in India British peoples extended their rule to Southern India. Pakistan was under Afghan rule. Bangladesh was under British control. Oriental peoples can be examined. For Japan I have no information. Cities include Tokyo. In China, rebellions against the central government began to appear. Among Southeast Asian peoples, I have no details on Indonesia and the Philippines. African peoples can be examined. I do not have many details for Nigeria, Among American Indian peoples in Mexico the town of Los Angeles was founded in California. For South American Indian peoples, I have little information on Brazil. Among North American Indian peoples the United States was granted independence, which prompted various changes in policy toward them. Other History There are some connections to prehistory, antiquity, and classical and medieval history. This is weakly connected to other modern history through the 17th century and is part of the 18th century. It is preceded the early, early mid, middle, and late mid 18th century. It is followed by the 19th century beginning with the early 19th century, and has been studied in the 20th century. The future may also be of some interest.

Science including physics, chemistry, astronomy, earth science, and biology can be connected. Personal studies including the human body, psychology, and biography will be more directly useful. Particular individuals include:

Faraday
Lavoisier
Watt
Adam Smith
Washington
Dalton
Napoleon
Beethoven
Daguerre
Bolivar
Jefferson
Jenner
Euler
Rousseau
Malthus
Babbage
Franklin

Links to other sites: Not yet available

Anthropology

Social foundations including social presentation, social interactions, social control, group types, and group behavior might be useful. Demography including births, deaths, migration, population size and structure, and population change will be useful. Physical anthropology including human origins, racial variation, and human dispersion can be connected. Human ecology including environmental effects on people, relations with other life, and human effects on the environment can be connected. Human geography including European geography, Asian geography, African geography, North American geography, South American geography, and Oceanic geography can be considered. Particular groups can also be connected.

Culture

Material culture including industrial technology, building technology, foodstuffs, clothing, transportation technology, communication technology, and other artifacts will be very important. Conceptual culture including language, graphic arts, literature, mathematics, applied science, and philosophy will be highly important. Behavioral culture including customs, occupations, recreation and entertainment, and cultural events can be connected.

Institutions

Families including marriage, parenting, kinship, and particular families will be useful. Education including research, teaching, cultural institutions, educational organization, and particular schools can be examined. Economics including activities and industries can be examined. Economic systems including firms, networks, system types, and system behavior can be connected. Government will be useful. Law including tribal law, Asiatic law, Western law, and International law can be connected. Government structure including political parties and interest groups, judicial systems, legislative systems, executive systems, heads of state, and forms of government can be connected. Government activity including administration, succession, and state relations can be connected. Particular governments including local government, national government, and international government will be useful. Religion including religious belief, practice, and organization can also be followed. Particular religions including Abrahamic, Asiatic, Pagan religion, and secularism can be examined.

Sociology

Social structure and change

Social structure including anthropological structure, cultural structure, institutional structure, class structure, and community and regional structure will be useful. Social types including hunting and gathering societies, horticultural societies, agrarian societies, and industrial societies can be considered. Social change including factors, processes, and particular changes will be useful. Communities such as Mexico City, New York City, Bombay, Delhi, Sao Paulo, and Los Angeles can be connected. Peoples are highly significant. Particular nations can be used to examine peoples. Germany, Egypt, Ethiopia, Turkey, Iran, Thailand, and France can be considered.

Western civilization was particularly important. In Mexico, the town of Los Angeles was founded in California. Anglic peoples were becoming more important. The United States was granted independence. Among Latin peoples, I have little information on Brazil except that it remained a Portuguese colony. Northeast European peoples are significant. Russia fought with the Ottoman empire, took part of Poland, and expanded to about its present European borders.

Asiatic peoples can be considered. In Vietnam the country was divided into parts ruled by the Trinh dynasty in the north, the Tay Soh dynasty in the center, and the Nguyen dynasty in the south. Cities including Seoul can be considered. Among South Asian peoples, in India British peoples extended their rule to Southern India. Pakistan was under Afghan rule. Bangladesh was under British control. Oriental peoples can be examined. For Japan I have no information. Cities include Tokyo. In China, rebellions against the central government began to appear. Among Southeast Asian peoples, I have no details on Indonesia and the Philippines.

African peoples can be examined. I do not have many details for Nigeria,

Among American Indian peoples in Mexico the town of Los Angeles was founded in California. For South American Indian peoples, I have little information on Brazil. Among North American Indian peoples the United States was granted independence, which prompted various changes in policy toward them.

Other History

There are some connections to prehistory, antiquity, and classical and medieval history. This is weakly connected to other modern history through the 17th century and is part of the 18th century. It is preceded the early, early mid, middle, and late mid 18th century.

It is followed by the 19th century beginning with the early 19th century, and has been studied in the 20th century. The future may also be of some interest.

Top