Early 18th Century


Introductory material	Sapience Home Site Map About Sapience History Modern History 18th Century

Introductory material

1700-1765 CE. European warfare extends to conflicts in and among colonies in Americas and Asia. The "Enlightenment", a scientific and philosphical movement, begins increasing skepticism regarding religious belief.
1701-1721. Peter the Great proclaims himself as tsar of Russia and pursues a modernization and expansion program intended to make Russia a major European and Asian power.
1703-1744. Bach composes music which is noted for its quality.

Early 1700s (1701-1705)

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Late 1700s (1706-1710)

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Early 1710s (1711-1715)

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Late 1710s (1716-1720)

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Science including physics, chemistry, astronomy, earth science, and biology can be connected. Personal studies including the human body, psychology, and biography can be connectedd. Leeuwenhoek Newton Locke Bach Voltaire Euler Rousseau Peter I (the Great) Franklin	Sapience Home
Anthropology including social foundations, demography, physical anthropology, and human ecology can be connected. Human geography including European geography, Asian geography, African geography, North American geography, South American geography, and Oceanic geography can be connected. Particular groups may be useful. Culture Material culture including industrial technology, building technology, foodstuffs, clothing, transportation technology, communication technology, and other artifacts can be connected. Conceptual culture including language, graphic arts, literature, mathematics, applied science, and philosophy will be useful. Behavioral culture including customs, occupations, recreation and entertainment, and cultural events will be important. Institutions Families including marriage, parenting, kinship, and particular families can be considered. Education including research, teaching, cultural institutions, and schools can be connected. Economics including economic activity, industries, and economic systems can be connected. Government including law, government strucure, and government activity will be important. Particular governments including local government, national governments, and international government can be connected. Religion including religious belief, religious practice, and religious organization can be considered. Major religious traditions including Abrahamic religion, Asiatic religion, pagan religion, and secularism will be important. Sociology Social structure and change Social structure including anthropological structure, cultural structure, institutional structure, class structure, and community and regional structure will be important. Social types including hunting and gathering societies, horticultural societies, and agrarian societies can be considered. Social change including social change factors, social change processes, and particular changes can be connected. Communities such as Tokyo, Seoul, Mexico City, and New York City will be useful in investigating particular nations. Peoples of the world will be vital. Nations can be used to investigate this period. Japan, Mexico, the Philippines, Vietnam, Germany, Egypt, and Ethiopia can be considered. Western Civilization is significant. In Russia The Swedish invaded Russia and were badly defeated by Peter I, who was a vigorous reformer. Peter had lost some of its gains to the Ottoman empire, but took control of Poland and defeated Persians in battle. Anglic peoples include the United States which was still in its colonial period. Latin peoples including those of Brazil, which was a Porgutuese colony. Asiatic peoples include Bangladesh which was practically independent of the weakened Mighal empire. South Asian peoples include India where the Mughal empire weakened and granted important economic concessions to the British. Pakistan was invaded by Persia. Among Oriental peoples, China conquered Tibet. Southeast Asian peoples can be connected. Indonesia was under Dutch rule. African peoples including those of Nigeria and American Indian peoples including those of the United States and Brazil can be examined. Other History Operiods of history through prehistory, antiquity, and classical and medieval times are weakly connected. In modern times, this follows the 17th century, particularly the late 17th century. Within the 18th century, it is followed by the early-mid 18th century and later periods, and is followed eventually by the 19th century and later periods. The future is also weakly connected.

Science including physics, chemistry, astronomy, earth science, and biology can be connected. Personal studies including the human body, psychology, and biography can be connectedd.

Leeuwenhoek
Newton
Locke
Bach
Voltaire
Euler
Rousseau
Peter I (the Great)
Franklin

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Anthropology including social foundations, demography, physical anthropology, and human ecology can be connected. Human geography including European geography, Asian geography, African geography, North American geography, South American geography, and Oceanic geography can be connected. Particular groups may be useful.

Culture

Material culture including industrial technology, building technology, foodstuffs, clothing, transportation technology, communication technology, and other artifacts can be connected. Conceptual culture including language, graphic arts, literature, mathematics, applied science, and philosophy will be useful. Behavioral culture including customs, occupations, recreation and entertainment, and cultural events will be important.

Institutions

Families including marriage, parenting, kinship, and particular families can be considered. Education including research, teaching, cultural institutions, and schools can be connected. Economics including economic activity, industries, and economic systems can be connected. Government including law, government strucure, and government activity will be important. Particular governments including local government, national governments, and international government can be connected. Religion including religious belief, religious practice, and religious organization can be considered. Major religious traditions including Abrahamic religion, Asiatic religion, pagan religion, and secularism will be important.

Sociology

Social structure and change

Social structure including anthropological structure, cultural structure, institutional structure, class structure, and community and regional structure will be important. Social types including hunting and gathering societies, horticultural societies, and agrarian societies can be considered. Social change including social change factors, social change processes, and particular changes can be connected.

Communities such as Tokyo, Seoul, Mexico City, and New York City will be useful in investigating particular nations.

Peoples of the world will be vital. Nations can be used to investigate this period. Japan, Mexico, the Philippines, Vietnam, Germany, Egypt, and Ethiopia can be considered. Western Civilization is significant. In Russia The Swedish invaded Russia and were badly defeated by Peter I, who was a vigorous reformer. Peter had lost some of its gains to the Ottoman empire, but took control of Poland and defeated Persians in battle. Anglic peoples include the United States which was still in its colonial period. Latin peoples including those of Brazil, which was a Porgutuese colony. Asiatic peoples include Bangladesh which was practically independent of the weakened Mighal empire. South Asian peoples include India where the Mughal empire weakened and granted important economic concessions to the British. Pakistan was invaded by Persia. Among Oriental peoples, China conquered Tibet. Southeast Asian peoples can be connected. Indonesia was under Dutch rule. African peoples including those of Nigeria and American Indian peoples including those of the United States and Brazil can be examined.

Other History

Operiods of history through prehistory, antiquity, and classical and medieval times are weakly connected. In modern times, this follows the 17th century, particularly the late 17th century.

Within the 18th century, it is followed by the early-mid 18th century and later periods, and is followed eventually by the 19th century and later periods. The future is also weakly connected.