17th Century


The 17th century is noted for the increasing spread of European or Western civilization. This was a period of religious warfare in Europe, but of increasing expansion and exploitation of the rest of the world, which was becoming better and better known to European navigators. Contacts between Europeans and older asiatic powers became increasingly more numerous.	Sapience Home Site Map About Sapience History Modern History Early 17th century Early-mid 17th century Mid 17th century Late-mid 17th century Late 17th century

The 17th century is noted for the increasing spread of European or Western civilization. This was a period of religious warfare in Europe, but of increasing expansion and exploitation of the rest of the world, which was becoming better and better known to European navigators. Contacts between Europeans and older asiatic powers became increasingly more numerous.

Early 17th century (1601-1620)

The first successful British colony in what became the United States was founded. The Ming dynasty in China was in decline.

Early mid 17th century (1621-1640)

British colonies in the Americas expanded. The Ming dynasty in China was in decline.

Mid 17th century (1641-1660)

The English revolution occurred. British colonies in the Americas continued to grow. The Ming dynasty of China was overthrown and the Qing dnasty established.

Late mid 17th century (1661-1680)

Newton began to revolutionize physics. The British colonies in the Americas continued to grow. The Mughal empire of India was especially prosperous.

Late 17th century (1681-1700)

The British colonies in the Americas continued to grow. Peter I the Great came to power in Russia.


Other history Prehistory Early prehistory including the Pliocene, early Pleistocene, early mid Pleistocene, late mid Pleistocene and late Pleistocene periods can be connected. Middle prehistory including the 5th decamillennium BP, 4th decamillennium BP, 3rd decamillennium BP, and 2nd decamillennium BP can be connected. Late prehistory including the early 8th millennium BC, late 8th millennium BC, early 7th millennium BC, late 7th millennium BC, early 6th millennium BC, and late 6th millennium BC can be connected.	Links to other sites:Not yet included
Antiquity The 5th millennium BC including the early 5th millennium BC, early mid 5th millennium BC, mid 5th millennium BC, late mid 5th millennium BC, and late 5th millennium BC can be connected. The 4th millennium BC including the early 4th millennium BC, early mid 4th millennium BC, mid 4th millennium BC, late mid 4th millennium BC, and late 4th millennium BC can be connected. The 3rd millennium BC including the early 3rd millennium BC, early mid 3rd millennium BC, mid 3rd millennium BC, and late 3rd millennium BC can be connected. The 2nd millennium BC including the early 2nd millennium BC, early mid 2nd millennium BC, mid 2nd millennium BC, late mid 2nd millennium BC, and late 2nd millennium BC can be connected. The early 1st millennium BC including the 10th century BC, 9th century BC, 8th century BC, 7th century BC, and 6th century BC can be connected. Classical and medieval history Early classical times including the 5th century BC, 4th century BC, 3rd century BC, 2nd century BC, and 1st century BC can be connected. Late classical times including the 1st century CE, 2nd century CE, 3rd century CE, 4th century CE, and 5th century CE can be connected. Early Medieval times including the 6th century, 7th century, 8th century, 9th century, and 10th century can be connected. Late medieval times including the 11th century, 12th century, 13th century, 14th century, and 15th century can be connected. Other modern history The 16th century including the early 16th century, early mid 16th century, mid 16th century, late mid 16th century, and late 16th century immediately precedes this. The 18th century follows it, and events of the early 18th century, early mid 18th century, mid 18th century, late mid 18th century, and late 18th century can be considered. It has also been studied in the 19th century including the early 19th, early mid 19th, mid 19th, late 19th, late mid 19th. The late 19th century including the early 1880s, late 1880s, early 1990s, and late 1890s can be connected. 20th century The early 20th century including the early 1900s, late 1900s, early 1910s, and late 1910s can be connected. The early mid 20th century including the early 1920s, late 1920s, early 1930s, and late 1930s can be connected. The mid 20th century including the early 1940s, late 1940s, early 1950s, and late 1950s can be connected. The late mid 20th century including the early 1960s, late 1960s, early 1970s, and late 1970s can be connected. The late 20th century including the early 1980s and late 1980s can be connected. The early 1990s including 1991, 1992, 1993, 1994, and 1995 can be connected. The late 1990s including 1996, 1997, 1998, 1999, and 2000 can be connected. Early 21st century The early 2000s including 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004, and 2005 can be connected. The late 2000s including 2006, 2007, and 2008 can be connected. 2009 including the first quarter 2009, second quarter 2009, thord quarter 2009, and fourth quarter 2009 can be connected. 2010 including the first quarter 2010, second quarter 2010, third quarter 2010, and fourth quarter 2010 can be connected. The early 2010s can be connected. 2011 can be connected. The first quarter 2011 including January 2011, February 2011, and March 2011 can be connected. The second quarter 2011 including April 2011, May 2011, and June 2011 can be connected. The third quarter 2011 and fourth quarter 2011 can be connected. Future The near future including next month with December 2009 and January 2010, next quarter with February 2010 and March 2010, and next year can be connected. The middle future including the next 5 years, next 20 years, next century, and nest 5 centuries can be connected. The far future can be considered. Sociology As with history in general and modern history, the examination of peoples of the world, communities, and social structure and change, gives weight and substance to 17th century history. Institutions Religion, government, education, economics, and law can be applied to the 17th century. Religion Particular religions, religious organization, religious practice, and religious belief can be applied to the 17th century. Particular traditions are important. Pagan religion including European pagan, Asiatic pagan, African pagan, and American Indian pagan relgion was present, but losting adherents. Abrahamic religion such as Islam and Judaism can be considered. Within Christianity, there were continuing conflicts between Catholics and Protestants, though I know little about the Orthodox. Asiatic religion including Persian, Indian, and Oriental beliefs was also important. Secularist traditions were also present. This further includes religious organization including unstructured, fragmented, and highly organized types, practices, and religious beliefs Government Particular governments, government activity, government structure, and law can be applied to the 17th century. Particular governments such as local, national and international will also be needed. International government included principally traditional empires and colonial empires. Government activity including administration, succession, and state relations will be useful. Government structure including government forms, heads of state, executive systems, legislative systems, judicial systems, and political parties and interest groups can be considered. Law including international law, western law, Asiatic law, and tribal law can be considered. Economics Economic systems, industries, and economic activities can be applied to the 17th century. Economic systems including economic system behavior, economic system types, networks, and firms can be considered. Industries including particular companies and major industries such as commercial and financial services, communication, transportation, social and medical services, building and constructions, manufacturing and extraction, and agriculture can be considered. Economic activities including production, distribution and exchange, and consumption can be considered. Education Particular schools including higher education, secondary ecucation, and elementary education can be connected. Educational organization including administration, faculty, students, and course material can be connected. Cultural institutions including performance venues, libraries, and museums can be considered. Teaching can be considered. Research can be considered. Families Particular families can be connected. Kinship can be connected. Parenting can be connected. Marriage can be connected. Culture Behavioral culture Cultural events such as miscellaneous events, disasters, fairs, and holidays will be significant. Recreation and entertainment including music, dance, games, sand sports will be significant. Occupations including food related, building related, transportation, commucation, industrial, and service related occupations will also be significant. Customs including vital customs, living and dwelling customs, dress and adornment customs, social interaction customs, and institutional customs are useful. Conceptual culture Philosophy including philosophical schools and doctrines, special topics, aesthetics, ethics, metaphysics, epistemology, and logic can be considered. Applied science including applied social science, accounting, information science, medical science, navigation, engineering science, and measurement can be considered. Mathematics including statistics, geometry, analysis, algebra, arithmetic, and mathematical foundations can be considered. Literature including works, types and genres, forms, and oral tradition can be connected. Graphic arts including drawing, painting, and printmaking can be identified. Language including linguistics, writing, and languages of the world is important. Material culture Miscellaneous artifacts including sculpture, musical instruments, medicines, and toys can be connected. Communication technology including graphic communication and written communication can be connected. Transportation technology including water transportation, land transportation, and packaging can be connected. Clothing can be connected. Foodstuffs including agricultural products, processed and preserved foods, and prepared foods will be useful. Building technology including outdoor structures, particular buildings, furnishings, components, and materials can be connected. Industrial technology including tools, fuels, chemical technology, machinery, utilies, and other artifacts can be identified. Anthropology Particular groups Particular groups belonging to this period include: Royal Society Particular groups which examine this period include: World History Association Human geography Asian geography including Southwest Asia, South Asia, Central Asia, Southeast Asia, East Asia, and North Asia will be significant. European geography including Balkan geography, Italian geography, Iberian geography, Central European geograpny, Northwest European geography, Island European geography, and Scandinavian geography can be connected. African geography including East African geography, West African geography, North African geogrpahy, North Central African geography, South Central African geography, and Southern African geography can be connected. North American geography including northern North American geography, Middle North American geography, and Southern North American geography can be connected. South American geography can be connected. Oceanic geography can be connected. Human ecology Human effects on the environment can be connected. Relations with other life can be connected. Environmental effects on people can be connected Physical anthropology Human dispersion can be connected. Racial variation can be connected. Human origins can be connected. Demography Population change can be connected. Population size and structure can be connected. Mortality and morbidity can be connected. Migration can be connected. Birth and fertility can be connected. Social foundations Social group behavior can be connected. Social group types can be connected. Social control can be connected. Social interaction can be connected. Social presentation can be connected. Personal studies Biography Biography can be connected. Some prominent individuals who lived during the 17th century include: Shakespeare Galileo Newton Leeuwenhoek Cromwell Locke Descartes Harvey Bach Voltaire Kepler Peter (the Great) Bacon Elizabeth I Psychology Social psychology can be connected. Personality can be connected. Mental disorders can be connected. Developmental psychology can be connected. Behavior patterns can be connected. Mind can be connected. Behavioral elements can be connected. Human body Form and appearance can be connected. Life cycle can be connected. Disease can be connected. Body functions can be connected. Body systems can be connected. Science Biology including biohistory, ecology, systematics, organism biology, cell biology, and molecular biology can possibly be connected. Earth science including geohistory, physical geography, atmospheric science, hydrospheric science, and geology may be useful. Astronomy including cosmology, galactic astronomy, stellar astronomy, and local astronomy can be considered. Chemistry including chemical systems, chemical changes, and chemical substances can be considered. Physics including the structure of matter, electromagnetism, thermodynamics, and mechanics can be considered.

Other history

Prehistory

Early prehistory including the Pliocene, early Pleistocene, early mid Pleistocene, late mid Pleistocene and late Pleistocene periods can be connected. Middle prehistory including the 5th decamillennium BP, 4th decamillennium BP, 3rd decamillennium BP, and 2nd decamillennium BP can be connected. Late prehistory including the early 8th millennium BC, late 8th millennium BC, early 7th millennium BC, late 7th millennium BC, early 6th millennium BC, and late 6th millennium BC can be connected.

Links to other sites:Not yet included

Antiquity

The 5th millennium BC including the early 5th millennium BC, early mid 5th millennium BC, mid 5th millennium BC, late mid 5th millennium BC, and late 5th millennium BC can be connected. The 4th millennium BC including the early 4th millennium BC, early mid 4th millennium BC, mid 4th millennium BC, late mid 4th millennium BC, and late 4th millennium BC can be connected. The 3rd millennium BC including the early 3rd millennium BC, early mid 3rd millennium BC, mid 3rd millennium BC, and late 3rd millennium BC can be connected. The 2nd millennium BC including the early 2nd millennium BC, early mid 2nd millennium BC, mid 2nd millennium BC, late mid 2nd millennium BC, and late 2nd millennium BC can be connected. The early 1st millennium BC including the 10th century BC, 9th century BC, 8th century BC, 7th century BC, and 6th century BC can be connected.

Classical and medieval history

Early classical times including the 5th century BC, 4th century BC, 3rd century BC, 2nd century BC, and 1st century BC can be connected. Late classical times including the 1st century CE, 2nd century CE, 3rd century CE, 4th century CE, and 5th century CE can be connected. Early Medieval times including the 6th century, 7th century, 8th century, 9th century, and 10th century can be connected. Late medieval times including the 11th century, 12th century, 13th century, 14th century, and 15th century can be connected.

Other modern history

The 16th century including the early 16th century, early mid 16th century, mid 16th century, late mid 16th century, and late 16th century immediately precedes this.

The 18th century follows it, and events of the early 18th century, early mid 18th century, mid 18th century, late mid 18th century, and late 18th century can be considered.

It has also been studied in the 19th century including the early 19th, early mid 19th, mid 19th, late 19th, late mid 19th. The late 19th century including the early 1880s, late 1880s, early 1990s, and late 1890s can be connected.

20th century

The early 20th century including the early 1900s, late 1900s, early 1910s, and late 1910s can be connected. The early mid 20th century including the early 1920s, late 1920s, early 1930s, and late 1930s can be connected. The mid 20th century including the early 1940s, late 1940s, early 1950s, and late 1950s can be connected. The late mid 20th century including the early 1960s, late 1960s, early 1970s, and late 1970s can be connected.

The late 20th century including the early 1980s and late 1980s can be connected. The early 1990s including 1991, 1992, 1993, 1994, and 1995 can be connected. The late 1990s including 1996, 1997, 1998, 1999, and 2000 can be connected.

Early 21st century

The early 2000s including 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004, and 2005 can be connected.

The late 2000s including 2006, 2007, and 2008 can be connected. 2009 including the first quarter 2009, second quarter 2009, thord quarter 2009, and fourth quarter 2009 can be connected. 2010 including the first quarter 2010, second quarter 2010, third quarter 2010, and fourth quarter 2010 can be connected.

The early 2010s can be connected. 2011 can be connected. The first quarter 2011 including January 2011, February 2011, and March 2011 can be connected. The second quarter 2011 including April 2011, May 2011, and June 2011 can be connected. The third quarter 2011 and fourth quarter 2011 can be connected.

Future

The near future including next month with December 2009 and January 2010, next quarter with February 2010 and March 2010, and next year can be connected. The middle future including the next 5 years, next 20 years, next century, and nest 5 centuries can be connected. The far future can be considered.

Sociology

As with history in general and modern history, the examination of peoples of the world, communities, and social structure and change, gives weight and substance to 17th century history.

Institutions

Religion, government, education, economics, and law can be applied to the 17th century.

Religion

Particular religions, religious organization, religious practice, and religious belief can be applied to the 17th century.

Particular traditions are important. Pagan religion including European pagan, Asiatic pagan, African pagan, and American Indian pagan relgion was present, but losting adherents. Abrahamic religion such as Islam and Judaism can be considered. Within Christianity, there were continuing conflicts between Catholics and Protestants, though I know little about the Orthodox. Asiatic religion including Persian, Indian, and Oriental beliefs was also important. Secularist traditions were also present. This further includes religious organization including unstructured, fragmented, and highly organized types, practices, and religious beliefs

Government

Particular governments, government activity, government structure, and law can be applied to the 17th century.

Particular governments such as local, national and international will also be needed. International government included principally traditional empires and colonial empires. Government activity including administration, succession, and state relations will be useful. Government structure including government forms, heads of state, executive systems, legislative systems, judicial systems, and political parties and interest groups can be considered. Law including international law, western law, Asiatic law, and tribal law can be considered.

Economics

Economic systems, industries, and economic activities can be applied to the 17th century.

Economic systems including economic system behavior, economic system types, networks, and firms can be considered. Industries including particular companies and major industries such as commercial and financial services, communication, transportation, social and medical services, building and constructions, manufacturing and extraction, and agriculture can be considered. Economic activities including production, distribution and exchange, and consumption can be considered.

Education

Particular schools including higher education, secondary ecucation, and elementary education can be connected. Educational organization including administration, faculty, students, and course material can be connected. Cultural institutions including performance venues, libraries, and museums can be considered. Teaching can be considered. Research can be considered.

Families

Particular families can be connected. Kinship can be connected. Parenting can be connected. Marriage can be connected.

Culture

Behavioral culture

Cultural events such as miscellaneous events, disasters, fairs, and holidays will be significant. Recreation and entertainment including music, dance, games, sand sports will be significant. Occupations including food related, building related, transportation, commucation, industrial, and service related occupations will also be significant. Customs including vital customs, living and dwelling customs, dress and adornment customs, social interaction customs, and institutional customs are useful.

Conceptual culture

Philosophy including philosophical schools and doctrines, special topics, aesthetics, ethics, metaphysics, epistemology, and logic can be considered. Applied science including applied social science, accounting, information science, medical science, navigation, engineering science, and measurement can be considered. Mathematics including statistics, geometry, analysis, algebra, arithmetic, and mathematical foundations can be considered. Literature including works, types and genres, forms, and oral tradition can be connected. Graphic arts including drawing, painting, and printmaking can be identified. Language including linguistics, writing, and languages of the world is important.

Material culture

Miscellaneous artifacts including sculpture, musical instruments, medicines, and toys can be connected. Communication technology including graphic communication and written communication can be connected. Transportation technology including water transportation, land transportation, and packaging can be connected. Clothing can be connected. Foodstuffs including agricultural products, processed and preserved foods, and prepared foods will be useful. Building technology including outdoor structures, particular buildings, furnishings, components, and materials can be connected. Industrial technology including tools, fuels, chemical technology, machinery, utilies, and other artifacts can be identified.

Anthropology

Particular groups

Particular groups belonging to this period include:

Royal Society

Particular groups which examine this period include:

World History Association

Human geography

Asian geography including Southwest Asia, South Asia, Central Asia, Southeast Asia, East Asia, and North Asia will be significant. European geography including Balkan geography, Italian geography, Iberian geography, Central European geograpny, Northwest European geography, Island European geography, and Scandinavian geography can be connected. African geography including East African geography, West African geography, North African geogrpahy, North Central African geography, South Central African geography, and Southern African geography can be connected. North American geography including northern North American geography, Middle North American geography, and Southern North American geography can be connected. South American geography can be connected. Oceanic geography can be connected.

Human ecology

Human effects on the environment can be connected. Relations with other life can be connected. Environmental effects on people can be connected

Physical anthropology

Human dispersion can be connected. Racial variation can be connected. Human origins can be connected.

Demography

Population change can be connected. Population size and structure can be connected. Mortality and morbidity can be connected. Migration can be connected. Birth and fertility can be connected.

Social foundations

Social group behavior can be connected. Social group types can be connected. Social control can be connected. Social interaction can be connected. Social presentation can be connected.

Personal studies

Biography

Biography can be connected. Some prominent individuals who lived during the 17th century include:

Psychology

Social psychology can be connected. Personality can be connected. Mental disorders can be connected. Developmental psychology can be connected. Behavior patterns can be connected. Mind can be connected. Behavioral elements can be connected.

Human body

Form and appearance can be connected. Life cycle can be connected. Disease can be connected. Body functions can be connected. Body systems can be connected.

Science

Biology including biohistory, ecology, systematics, organism biology, cell biology, and molecular biology can possibly be connected. Earth science including geohistory, physical geography, atmospheric science, hydrospheric science, and geology may be useful. Astronomy including cosmology, galactic astronomy, stellar astronomy, and local astronomy can be considered. Chemistry including chemical systems, chemical changes, and chemical substances can be considered. Physics including the structure of matter, electromagnetism, thermodynamics, and mechanics can be considered.

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