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The history of the world is closely connected with the various peoples of the world, which are largely organized by nations. Western Civilization has traditionally been overemphasized in studies of history, possibly because the most influential scholars came from Western civilization at a time when it was dominating all other peoples. Asiatic peoples are less well known than Western Civilization, but older and more numerous. African peoples are much more poorly known, because of a lack of written records for most of their history. American Indian peoples have been mostly isolated from the rest of the world for most of their history and have also lacked written records. |
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These are applied to particular divisions of history, including prehistory, antiquity, classical and medieval history, modern history, and the future.
Nations are closely associated with peoples but not identical to them, since some people belong to more than one nation, and some nations include more than one people. Those with some history are listed in connection with the people they are most closely associated with. [Nations that are being connected include Qatar, Reunion, Cyprus, Guyana, Comoros, Bahrain, Bhutan, Montenegro, Equatorial Guinea, Solomon Islands, Djibouti, Luxembourg, Suriname, Macau, Guadelupe, Cape Verde.]
Western civilization seems to have have roots in prehistory. Its written history begins in antiquity among the Balkan peoples, and later the neighboring Latin peoples. In classical and medieval times, Balkan peoples became comparatively less significant, while Latin based culture began to make connections to Germanic, Northeast European, Anglic, and Scandinavian peoples. In modern times, the Balkan peoples remained geographically confined, the Northeast European peoples spread overland across Central Asia, and the Anglic, Latin, and a few of the Germanic and Scandinavian peoples spread overseas. They extended to the Americas, established colonies and governments through other parts of Asia, and divided Africa. All these peoples will undoubtedly be important in the future.
Asiatic peoples can be traced into prehistory. During antiquty, Middle Eastern peoples were the first to achieve civilization followed by South Asian peoples and Oriental peoples. These remained major and important peoples throughout classical and medieval times. Although Central Asia and Southeast Asia were also inhabited, their surviving records do not have the same quality and these peoples remain obscure. In modern times, many of them have been either ruled by Western Civilization, or been influenced to various degrees by it.
At present, there is an unfortunate lack of information on these peoples. I have so far not closely examined their prehistory, and few of them kept written records through antiquity or classical and medieval times. Reconstruction of their history is being attempted in modern times, and their future is obscure. Gambia Guinea-Bissau, Gabon, Swaziland can be connected. Cities include Khartoum and Abidjan.
Eastern Africa was especially important in prehistory, although I have few details. Fragmentary information from antiquity is available due to its proximity to Egypt, and likewise a little information from classical and medieval times. It has become much better known in modern times, although the future is obscure. Eritrea is not well known in prehistory or antiquity, although it became known in classical and medieval times with the rise of Islamic civilization. Its modern history can be examined.
Northern East Africa was important in prehistory but is not well known. There is information available from antiquity, classical and medieval times, and modern times. Ethiopia was significant in prehistory and was known in antiquity. It can be followed into classical and medieval and modern times. Somalia was also significant in prehistory and known in antiquity, and can be followed in classical and medieval and modern times.
Interior East Africa was significant in prehistory, but is also not well known. There seems to be less information about it in antiquity than for other parts of the world. There is some information from classical and medieval times, and more from modern times. Sudan is not well known in prehistory, but some information from antiquity and more from classical and medieval times can be identified. Its modern history is better known. Chad is poorly known from prehistory and antiquity, and can be better identified in classical and medieval and modern times.
Central East Africa was significant in prehistory, but the details are poorly known. There is minimal information in antiquity and not a great deal for classical and medieval history. This part of the world began to become more signicant in modern times. Tanzania is not well known in prehistory or antiquity. It began to be more significant in classical and medieval and modern times. Kenya is also not well known in prehistory or antiquity, and not much better in classical and medieval times. It is better known in modern times. Uganda is not well known in prehistory, antiquity, or classical and medieval times, and has become prominent only in modern times. Rwanda is also not well known in prehistory, antiquity, or classical and medieval times and has become prominent only in modern times. Burundi is likewise not well known in prehistory, antiquity, or classical and medieval times and has become significant in world affairs only in modern times.
Western Africa is little known during prehistory or antiquity. Fragmentary information is available from classical and medieval times, and most of its known history is modern. I have no information about the future. Peoples of what is now Liberia are not well known from prehistory, antiquity, or classical and medieval times. The nation itself is quite modern. Cities include Lagos, which may have originated in classical and medieval times and has grown in modern times.
Southern Coastal West Africa is not well known during prehistory, antiquity, or classical and medieval times. It is best known from modern times. Nigeria was little known in prehistory or antiquity. It has been more noticed and more significant in classical and medieval times and modern times. Ghana was also little known in prehistory or antiquity, and is better known in classical and medieval and modern times. Côte d'Ivoire was also little known in prehistory and antiquity, and is better known from classical and medieval and modern times. Benin likewise was little known in prehistory and antiquity, and has only appeared in classical and medieval and modern times. Togo similarly was little known in prehistory and antiquity, and has only appeared in classical and medieval and modern times.
Western Coastal West Africa is not well known during prehistory, antiquity, or classical and medieval times. It has been better explored and settled in modern times. Senegal has not been prominent in prehistory, antiquity, or classical and medieval times. Most of its development has been modern. Guinea has not been prominent in prehistory, antiquity, or classical and medieval times. Most of its development has come in modern times. Sierra Leone has not been prominent in prehistory, antiquity, or classical and medieval times. Most of its development has also come in modern times.
Interior West Africa is not well known for prehistory or antiquity. It is better known in classical and medieval and modern times.Burkina Faso is difficult to follow in prehistory and antiquity, but may be better known in classical and medieval times and is better known in modern times. Niger is difficult to follow in prehistory and antiquity, but classical and medieval and modern times seem to be more useful. Mali is difficult to follow in prehistory and antiquity, but may be better known in classical and medieval and modern times. Mauritania is difficult to follow in prehistory and antiquity, but it may be better known in classical and medieval and in modern times.
Southern Africa is poorly known for prehistory, antiquity or classical and medieval times. Nearly all its known history is modern. South Africa is difficult to follow in prehistory, antiquity, and classical and medieval times. Nearly all its history is modern. Mozambique is also difficult to follow in prehistory, antiquity, and classical and medieval times. Most of its history is modern. Madagascar is difficult to follow in prehistory, antiquity, and classical and medieval times. Most of its history is modern. Malawi is difficult to follow in prehistory, antiquity, and classical and medieval times. Most of its history is modern. Zimbabwe is difficult to follow in prehistory, antiquity, and classical and medieval times. Most of its history is modern. Zambia is difficult to follow in prehistory, antiquity, and classical and medieval times. Most of its history is modern. Lesotho is difficult to follow in prehistory, antiquity, and classical and medieval times. Most of its prehistory is modern. Nations include Namibia. I known little of its history in prehistory, antiquity, or classical and medieval times. It is better known in modern times. Botswana can be examined in modern times. Johannesburg is considered to have been founded in modern times.
Central Africa is little known during prehistory, antiquity, or classical and medieval times. Nearly all its known history is modern. Congo (DR) is not well known in prehistory, antiquity, or classical and medieval times. It is best known from modern times. Cameroon is also not well known from prehistory, antiquity, or classical and medieval times, and is likewise best known from modern times. Angola is not well known from prehistory, antiquity, or classical and medieval times and is best known from modern times. The Central African Republic is little known from prehistory, antiquity, or classical and medieval times and is best known from modern times. Congo (Republic) is also little known from prehistory, antiquity, or classical and medieval times and is best known in modern times. The city of Kinshasa is entirely modern.
Although American Indian peoples developed in prehistory, there is little information besides archeological remains for that period or for antiquity. Their classical and medieval history has only traces remaining, and they have been submerged by Western civilization in modern times. They are largely ignored, so little can be said about their future at present. Jamaica appears to have been uninhabited in prehistory and is thought to have been settled during antiquity, Nothing is known of classical and medieval history. Most of its indigenous inhabitants died early in modern times.
Middle American peoples can be examined. Their prehistory and antiquity are accessible principally through archaeology. Limited historical information is available from classical and medieval times, but their modern history can be examined. Panama has few remains from prehistory, but several that can be dated to antiquity. Little is known of it in classical and medieval times. In modern times it was found to be linguistically and culturally diverse. Middle American peoples were the original founders of Tenochtitlan, which was founded in classical ahd medieval times, and destroyed in modern times, but refounded as Mexico City.
Meso-American peoples were significant in prehistory, and had some development in antiquity, and significan development in classical and medieval times. They have been submerged in modern times. Mexico in particular has been significant in prehistory, and has been important in antiquity, classical and medieval times, and submerged in modern times. Guatemala can be considered in prehistory and has been important in antiquity, classical and medieval times, and modern times. can be connected.
Caribbean peoples are not well known in prehistory or antiquity. They seem to have been more prominent in classical and medieval times, and modern times. Cuba is not well known in prehistory or antiquity. It was populated in classical and medieval times, but in modern times its native population was nearly exterminated and the island was repopulated by immigrants. The Dominican Republic is also not well known in prehistory or antiquity. It was populated in classical and medieval times, but in modern times it was mostly depopulated and repopulated by an immigrant population. Haiti is not well known in prehistory or antiquity. It was inhabited in classical and medieval times, but mostly depopulated of its native inhabitants in modern times. El Salvador is not well known in prehistory or antiquity, but was inhabited in classical and medieval times. Remnants of these native populations persist into modern times. Nicaragua is not well known in prehistory or antiquity, but was inhabited in classicl and medieval times, and these populations persist into modern times. Costa Rica is not well known in prehistory or antiquity, but was inhabited in classical and medieval times and these peoples persist into modern times. Puerto Rico is not well known in prehistory or antiquity, but was inhabited in classical and medieval times. In modern times, the original inhabitants became nearly extinct.
Southwest American Indian peoples are not well known in prehistory or antiquity. Some information has been learned from classical and medieval times, and they are best known in modern times. Peoples of the southwestern United States and northern Mexico can be identified.
Little is known of them in prehistory or antiquity, except through archaeological research. Oral tradition shiefly goes back to classical and medieval times. Historical records are chiefly found in modern times. Peoples of Uruguay are not well known in prehistory, antiquity, or classical and medieval times. They can most easily be identified in modern times.
Andean cultures can be identified in prehistory and antiquity, and developed considerably in classical and medieval times. They have partly survived the Spanish conquest in modern times. Those of what is now Colombia are not well known in prehistory, antiquity, or classical and medieval times, but can be considered in modern times. Those of what is now Argentina are also not well known in prehistory, antiquity, or classical and medieval times, but can be identified from modern times. Peoples of Peru were significant in prehistory and antiquity, through classical and medieval times, and into modern times. Peoples of Venezuela are not well known in prehistory, antiquity, or classical and medieval times, but they are better known in modern times. Peoples of Chile are not well known in prehistory, antiquity, or classical and medieval times but are better known in modern times. Peoples of Ecuador are not well known in prehistory, antiquity, or classical and medieval times, but are better known in modern times. Peoples of Bolivia are not well known in prehistory, antiquity, or classical and medieval times, but are better known in modern times.
Amazonian cultures are difficult to identify in prehistory, antiquity, or classical and medieval times, but are found in modern times. In Brazil they are difficult to identify in prehistory, antiquity, or classical and medieval times and are best known in modern times. In Argentina they are difficult to identify in prehistory, antiquity, and classical and medieval times and are best known in modern times. In Bolivia they are difficult to identify in prehistory, antiquity, and classical and medieval times and are best known in modern times. In Paraguay they are difficult to identify in prehistory, antiquity, or classical and medieval times and are best known in modern times.
Cono/Southern American Indian cultures are difficult to identify in prehistory, antiquity, and classical and medieval times, but are found in modern times. In Argentina they are difficult to identify in prehistory, antiquity, and classical and medieval times, but are better known in modern times. In Chile thet are also difficult to identify in prehistory, antiquity, and classical and medieval times, but can be identified from modern times.
North American Indians are significant. Little is known of their prehistory or antiquity. Oral tradition chiefly goes back to classical and medieval times, and historical records are found only in modern times. In what is now the United States, Eastern North American Indian peoples are difficult to identify in prehistory and antiquity, although some societies are known from classical and medieval times. Most information about them is modern. Western North American Indians are also difficult to identify in prehistory and antiquity, although some societies are known from classical and medieval times, and most information about them is modern. Canada includes examples of Northern North American Indians which are known, not so much from prehistory, antiquity, or classical and medieval times, but more from modern times.