Early Medieval History


During the early medieval period, Western Europe following the breakup of the Western Roman Empire was repeatedly invaded by peoples from northeastern Europe and Central Asia. These people became converted to Christianity as they settled. The Eastern Roman empire survived in the form of the Byzantine empire. The new religion of Islam originated in Arabia and spread by conquest over nearly the entire middle east, with the exception of areas controlled by the Byzantines, and began spreading into central Asia as well. The early classical empires of China and India also broke up.	Sapience Home Site Map About Sapience History Classical and medieval History 6th Century 7th Century 8th Century 9th Century 10th Century

During the early medieval period, Western Europe following the breakup of the Western Roman Empire was repeatedly invaded by peoples from northeastern Europe and Central Asia. These people became converted to Christianity as they settled. The Eastern Roman empire survived in the form of the Byzantine empire. The new religion of Islam originated in Arabia and spread by conquest over nearly the entire middle east, with the exception of areas controlled by the Byzantines, and began spreading into central Asia as well. The early classical empires of China and India also broke up.

6th Century

c. 522 - 565 CE.Justinian I rules as Byzantine (Eastern roman) Emperor and creates a code of Roman law.

7th Century

c. 610-630 CE. Mohammed preaches in Arabia, founding Islam, and begins spreading his faith by military conquest. His teachings are included in the "Koran"
634 - 644 CE. Umar I, second caliph, leads Muslims to conquer Syria and Mesopotamia and begins conquest of Egypt and Syria. His rules for administration of conquered territories serve as the basis for administrative and legal structure of the Islamic empire.

8th Century

c. 768 - 814 CE. Charlemagne conquers much of Western Europe and in 800 CE is crowned as Holy Roman Emperor.

9th Century

10th Century


Other History Prehistory Early prehistory including the Pliocene, early Pleistocene, early mid Pleistocene, late mid Pleistocene, and late Pleistocene can be connected. Middle prehistory including the 5th decamillennium BC, 4th decamillennium BC, 3rd decamillennium BC, 2nd decamillennium BC, and early 1st decamillennium BC can be connected. Late prehistory including the early 8th millennium BC, late 8th millennium BC, early 7th millennium BC, late 7th millennium BC, early 6th millennium BC, and late 6th millennium BC can be connected.	Links to other sites: not yet available.
Antiquity The 5th millennium BC including the early 5th millennium BC, early mid 5th millennium BC, mid 5th millennium BC, late mid 5th millennium BC, and late 5th millennium BC can be connected. The 4th millennium BC including the early 4th millennium BC, early mid 4th millennium BC, mid 4th millennium BC, late mid 4th millennium BC, and late 4th millennium BC can be connected. The 3rd millennium BC including the early 3rd millennium BC, early mid 3rd millennium BC, mid 3rd millennium BC, late mid 3rd millennium BC, and late 3rd millennium BC can be connected. The 2nd millennium BC including the early 2nd millennium BC, early mid 2nd millennium BC, mid 2nd millennium BC, late mid 2nd millennium BC, and late 2nd millennium BC can be connected. The early 1st millennium BC including the 10th century BC, 9th century BC, 8th century BC, 7th century BC, and 6th century BC can be connected. Other classical and medieval history Early classical times including the 5th century BC, 4th century BC, 3rd century BC, 2nd century BC, and 1st century BC can be connected. Late classical times including the 1st century CE, 2nd century CE, 3rd century CE, 4th century CE, and 5th century CE can be connected. Events of this period are continued in the late medieval period including the 11th century, 12th century, 13th century, 14th century, and 15th century. Modern history The 16th century including the early 16th century, early mid 16th century, mid 16th century, late mid 16th century, and late 16th century can be connected. The 17th century including the early 17th century, early mid 17th century, mid 17th century, and late 17th century can be connected. The 18th century including the early 18th century, early mid 18th century, mid 18th century, late mid 18th century, and late 18th century can be connected. The 19th century including the early 19th century, early mid 19th century, mid 19th century, late mid 19th century, and late 19th century can be connected. 20th century study of this period continues from a scholarly point of view, but is not particularly popular. The early 20th century including the early 1900s, late 1900s, early 1910s, and late 1910s can be connected. The early mid 20th century including the early 1920s, late 1920s, early 1930s, and late 1930s can be connected. The mid 20th century including the early 1940s, late 1940s, early 1950s, and late 1950s can be connected. The late mid 20th century including the early 1960s, late 1960s, early 1970s, and late 1970s can be connected. The late 20th century including the early 1980s, late 1980s, and early 1990s can be connected. The late 1990s including 1991, 1992, 1993, 1994, 1995, and 1996 can be connected. Early 21st The early 2000s including 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004, and 2005 can be connected. The late 2000s including 2006, 2007, 2008, and 2009 can be connected. 2010 including the first quarter 2010, second quarter 2010, third quarter 2010, and fourth quarter 2010 can be connected. The early 2010s can be connected. 2011 can be connected. The first quarter 2011 including January 2011, February 2011, and March 2011 can be connected. The second quarter 2011 including April 2011, May 2011, and June 2011 can be connected. The third quarter 2011 and fourth quarter 2011 can be connected. 2012 can be connected. Future The near future including next month, next quarter, and next year can be connected. The middle future including the next 5 years, next 20 years, nect century, and next 5 centuries can be connected. The far future is obscure. The far future including the next 2000 years, nest 10,000 years, next 200, 000 years, next million years, and beyond the next million years can be connected. Sociology Peoples of the world, communities, and social structure and change can be used in examination of the period including the 6th century, 7th century, 8th century, 9th century, and 10th century. Institutions Religion, government, economics, education, and families can be connected to the early medieval period. Religion Particular traditions can be followed. The influence of pagan religion including European Pagan, Asian Pagan, African Pagan, and American Indian pagan was beginning to decline. Abrahamic religion expanded considerably. Christianity was becoming divided into Catholic and Orthodox branches. The third major branch, Islam, originated during this period. Judaism did not expand much. Asiatic religion including Persian religion, Indian religion, and Oriental religion developed, though details are absent at present. Secularism can be considered. Religious organization, including highly structured, fragmented, and unstructured religion can be connected. Religious practice may be applicable. Religious beliefs can be connected. Government Particular governments including local, national, and international government can be considered. Government activity including state relations, administration, and succession can be considered. Government structure including forms of government, heads of state, executive systems, legislative systems, judicial systems, and political parties and interest groups can be considered. Law including international law, Western law, Asiatic law, and tribal law can be considered. Economics Economic systems including economic system behavior, economic system types, networks, and firms can be considered. Industries including companies and financial and commercial industries, communication, transportation, social and medical, building and construction, extraction and manufacturing, and agriculture can be considered. Economic activities including production, distribution and exchange, and consumption can be connected. Education Schools including higher education, secondary education, and primary education can be connected. Educational organization including administration, faculty, students, and course material can be connected. Cultural institutions including performance venues, libraries, and museums can be connected. Teaching can be connected. Research can be connected. Families Particular families can be connected. Kinship can be connected. Parenting can be connected. Marriage can be connected. Culture Behavioral culture Cultural events including holidays, disasters, gatherings, and miscellaneous events can be connected. Recreation and entertainment including music, dance, theater, games, and sports developed. Occupations including food-related, building-related, transportation, communications, industrial, and service occupations are significant. Customs including vital customs, living and dwelling customs, dress and adornment customs, social interaction, and institutional customs are important. Conceptual culture Philosophy including philosphical schools and doctrines, special topics, ethics, aesthetics, metaphysics, epistemology, and logic can be connected. Applied science including applied social science, accounting, information science, medical science, navigation, engineering, and measurement can be connected. Mathematics including statistics, analysis, geometry, algebra, arithmetic, and mathematical foundations can be connected. Literature including literary works, types and genres, forms, and oral tradition can be connected. Graphic arts including drawing and painting and possibly printmaking can be examined. Language including linguistics, writing, and languages of the world is important. Material culture Miscellaneous artifacts including sculpture, toys, medicines, and musical instruments can be considered. Communications technology including graphic communication and written communications can be connected. Transportation technology including water transportation, land transportation, and packaging can be connected. Clothing including adornment, garments, and textiles can be connected. Foodstuffs including agricultural products, processed and preserved foods, and prepared foods can be considered. Building technology including outdoor structures, complete buildings, building components, furnishings, and materials can be connected. Industrial technology including tools, fuel, chemical technology, machines, utilities, and other technology can be considered. Anthropology Particular groups Particular groups from later periods which investigate this include: World History Association Human geography Asian geography including Southwest Asia, South Asia, Central Asia, Southeast Asia, East Asia, and North Asia can be examined. European geography including Balkan geography, Italian geography, Iberian geography, Eastern European geography, Central European geography, Northwest European geography, Island European geography, and Scandinavian geography can be connected. African geography including North African geography, East African geography, West African geography, North Central African geography, South Central African geography, and Southern African geography can be connected. North American geography including northern North American geography, Middle North American geography, and Southern North American geography can be connected. South American geography can be connected. Oceanic geography can be connected. Human ecology Human effects on the environment can be connected. Relations with other life can be connected. Environmental effects on people can be connected. Physical anthropology Human dispersion can be connected. Racial variation can be connected. Human origins can be connected. Demography including population change, population size and structure, deaths, migration, and births can be considered. Social foundations including social group behavior, social group types, social control, social interactions, and social presentation might be considered. Personal studies Biography Prominent individuals of this period include: Mohammed Umar I Sui Wen Ti Charlemagne Justinian Psychology including social psychology, personality, mental disorders, developmental psychology, behavior patterns, mind, and behavioral elements might be considered. Studies of the human body including form and appearance, life cycle, disease, body function, and body systems can be connected. Science Biology including biohistory, ecology, systematics, and organism biology can be applied. Earth science including geohistory, physical geography, atmospheric science, hydrospheric science, and geology can be considered. Astronomy including stellar astronomy and local astronomy can be considered. Chemistry including chemical systems, chemical changes, and chemical substances might be applicable. Physics including structure of matter, electromagnetism, thermodynamics, and mechanics can be considered.

Other History

Prehistory

Early prehistory including the Pliocene, early Pleistocene, early mid Pleistocene, late mid Pleistocene, and late Pleistocene can be connected. Middle prehistory including the 5th decamillennium BC, 4th decamillennium BC, 3rd decamillennium BC, 2nd decamillennium BC, and early 1st decamillennium BC can be connected. Late prehistory including the early 8th millennium BC, late 8th millennium BC, early 7th millennium BC, late 7th millennium BC, early 6th millennium BC, and late 6th millennium BC can be connected.

Links to other sites: not yet available.

Antiquity

The 5th millennium BC including the early 5th millennium BC, early mid 5th millennium BC, mid 5th millennium BC, late mid 5th millennium BC, and late 5th millennium BC can be connected. The 4th millennium BC including the early 4th millennium BC, early mid 4th millennium BC, mid 4th millennium BC, late mid 4th millennium BC, and late 4th millennium BC can be connected. The 3rd millennium BC including the early 3rd millennium BC, early mid 3rd millennium BC, mid 3rd millennium BC, late mid 3rd millennium BC, and late 3rd millennium BC can be connected. The 2nd millennium BC including the early 2nd millennium BC, early mid 2nd millennium BC, mid 2nd millennium BC, late mid 2nd millennium BC, and late 2nd millennium BC can be connected. The early 1st millennium BC including the 10th century BC, 9th century BC, 8th century BC, 7th century BC, and 6th century BC can be connected.

Other classical and medieval history

Early classical times including the 5th century BC, 4th century BC, 3rd century BC, 2nd century BC, and 1st century BC can be connected. Late classical times including the 1st century CE, 2nd century CE, 3rd century CE, 4th century CE, and 5th century CE can be connected.

Events of this period are continued in the late medieval period including the 11th century, 12th century, 13th century, 14th century, and 15th century.

Modern history

The 16th century including the early 16th century, early mid 16th century, mid 16th century, late mid 16th century, and late 16th century can be connected. The 17th century including the early 17th century, early mid 17th century, mid 17th century, and late 17th century can be connected. The 18th century including the early 18th century, early mid 18th century, mid 18th century, late mid 18th century, and late 18th century can be connected. The 19th century including the early 19th century, early mid 19th century, mid 19th century, late mid 19th century, and late 19th century can be connected.

20th century

study of this period continues from a scholarly point of view, but is not particularly popular. The early 20th century including the early 1900s, late 1900s, early 1910s, and late 1910s can be connected. The early mid 20th century including the early 1920s, late 1920s, early 1930s, and late 1930s can be connected. The mid 20th century including the early 1940s, late 1940s, early 1950s, and late 1950s can be connected. The late mid 20th century including the early 1960s, late 1960s, early 1970s, and late 1970s can be connected.

The late 20th century including the early 1980s, late 1980s, and early 1990s can be connected. The late 1990s including 1991, 1992, 1993, 1994, 1995, and 1996 can be connected.

Early 21st

The early 2000s including 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004, and 2005 can be connected.

The late 2000s including 2006, 2007, 2008, and 2009 can be connected. 2010 including the first quarter 2010, second quarter 2010, third quarter 2010, and fourth quarter 2010 can be connected.

The early 2010s can be connected. 2011 can be connected. The first quarter 2011 including January 2011, February 2011, and March 2011 can be connected. The second quarter 2011 including April 2011, May 2011, and June 2011 can be connected. The third quarter 2011 and fourth quarter 2011 can be connected. 2012 can be connected.

Future

The near future including next month, next quarter, and next year can be connected. The middle future including the next 5 years, next 20 years, nect century, and next 5 centuries can be connected. The far future is obscure. The far future including the next 2000 years, nest 10,000 years, next 200, 000 years, next million years, and beyond the next million years can be connected.

Sociology

Peoples of the world, communities, and social structure and change can be used in examination of the period including the 6th century, 7th century, 8th century, 9th century, and 10th century.

Institutions

Religion, government, economics, education, and families can be connected to the early medieval period.

Religion

Particular traditions can be followed. The influence of pagan religion including European Pagan, Asian Pagan, African Pagan, and American Indian pagan was beginning to decline. Abrahamic religion expanded considerably. Christianity was becoming divided into Catholic and Orthodox branches. The third major branch, Islam, originated during this period. Judaism did not expand much. Asiatic religion including Persian religion, Indian religion, and Oriental religion developed, though details are absent at present. Secularism can be considered. Religious organization, including highly structured, fragmented, and unstructured religion can be connected. Religious practice may be applicable. Religious beliefs can be connected.

Government

Particular governments including local, national, and international government can be considered. Government activity including state relations, administration, and succession can be considered. Government structure including forms of government, heads of state, executive systems, legislative systems, judicial systems, and political parties and interest groups can be considered. Law including international law, Western law, Asiatic law, and tribal law can be considered.

Economics

Economic systems including economic system behavior, economic system types, networks, and firms can be considered. Industries including companies and financial and commercial industries, communication, transportation, social and medical, building and construction, extraction and manufacturing, and agriculture can be considered. Economic activities including production, distribution and exchange, and consumption can be connected.

Education

Schools including higher education, secondary education, and primary education can be connected. Educational organization including administration, faculty, students, and course material can be connected. Cultural institutions including performance venues, libraries, and museums can be connected. Teaching can be connected. Research can be connected.

Families

Particular families can be connected. Kinship can be connected. Parenting can be connected. Marriage can be connected.

Culture

Behavioral culture

Cultural events including holidays, disasters, gatherings, and miscellaneous events can be connected. Recreation and entertainment including music, dance, theater, games, and sports developed. Occupations including food-related, building-related, transportation, communications, industrial, and service occupations are significant. Customs including vital customs, living and dwelling customs, dress and adornment customs, social interaction, and institutional customs are important.

Conceptual culture

Philosophy including philosphical schools and doctrines, special topics, ethics, aesthetics, metaphysics, epistemology, and logic can be connected. Applied science including applied social science, accounting, information science, medical science, navigation, engineering, and measurement can be connected. Mathematics including statistics, analysis, geometry, algebra, arithmetic, and mathematical foundations can be connected. Literature including literary works, types and genres, forms, and oral tradition can be connected. Graphic arts including drawing and painting and possibly printmaking can be examined. Language including linguistics, writing, and languages of the world is important.

Material culture

Miscellaneous artifacts including sculpture, toys, medicines, and musical instruments can be considered. Communications technology including graphic communication and written communications can be connected. Transportation technology including water transportation, land transportation, and packaging can be connected. Clothing including adornment, garments, and textiles can be connected. Foodstuffs including agricultural products, processed and preserved foods, and prepared foods can be considered. Building technology including outdoor structures, complete buildings, building components, furnishings, and materials can be connected. Industrial technology including tools, fuel, chemical technology, machines, utilities, and other technology can be considered.

Anthropology

Particular groups

Particular groups from later periods which investigate this include:

World History Association

Human geography

Asian geography including Southwest Asia, South Asia, Central Asia, Southeast Asia, East Asia, and North Asia can be examined. European geography including Balkan geography, Italian geography, Iberian geography, Eastern European geography, Central European geography, Northwest European geography, Island European geography, and Scandinavian geography can be connected. African geography including North African geography, East African geography, West African geography, North Central African geography, South Central African geography, and Southern African geography can be connected. North American geography including northern North American geography, Middle North American geography, and Southern North American geography can be connected. South American geography can be connected. Oceanic geography can be connected.

Human ecology

Human effects on the environment can be connected. Relations with other life can be connected. Environmental effects on people can be connected.

Physical anthropology

Human dispersion can be connected. Racial variation can be connected. Human origins can be connected.

Demography including population change, population size and structure, deaths, migration, and births can be considered. Social foundations including social group behavior, social group types, social control, social interactions, and social presentation might be considered.

Personal studies

Biography

Prominent individuals of this period include:

Psychology including social psychology, personality, mental disorders, developmental psychology, behavior patterns, mind, and behavioral elements might be considered. Studies of the human body including form and appearance, life cycle, disease, body function, and body systems can be connected.

Science

Biology including biohistory, ecology, systematics, and organism biology can be applied. Earth science including geohistory, physical geography, atmospheric science, hydrospheric science, and geology can be considered. Astronomy including stellar astronomy and local astronomy can be considered. Chemistry including chemical systems, chemical changes, and chemical substances might be applicable. Physics including structure of matter, electromagnetism, thermodynamics, and mechanics can be considered.

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