Sociology Applied to Early Classical History

Peoples of the world, communities, and social structure and change can be applied early classical times.

Sociology

Sociology can be applied to the 5th century BC, the 4th century BC, the 3rd century BC, the 2nd century BC, and the 1st century BC.

Peoples of the world

Particular nations and major groups of peoples including Western civilization, Asiatic peoples, African peoples, and American Indian peoples can be applied to the 5th century BC, 4th century BC, 3rd century BC, 2nd century BC, and 1st century BC.

Nations

Serbia, Chad, Hungary, Belarus Somalia, Dominican Republic, Bolivia, Sweden, Haiti, Burundi, Benin, Austria, Azerbaijan, Honduras, Switzerland, Bulgaria, Tajikistan, Israel, El Salvador, Hong Kong Paraguay, Laos, Sierra Leone, Jordan, Libya, Papua, Togo, Nicaragua, Denmark, Slovakia, Kyrgystan, Finland, Turkmenistan, Eritrea, Norway, Georgia, United Arab Emirates, Singapore, Bosnia and Herzegovina, and Croatia can be connected.

Western civilization

The records of Western civilization are incomplete for this period. The Czech Republic can be connected. Paris can be connected. Among Anglic peoples, the UK can be considered. Among Latin peoples, Portugal was conquered by the Romans. Among Italic peoples, Italy was the seat of the Roman republic. Among the French peoples, France, then known as Gaul, was conquered by the Romans and incorporated into their republic. Among Hispanic peoples, Spain was conquered by the Romans. Among Germanic peoples, Belgium can be connected. The earliest written records dealing with Germany date to this period. What is now the Netherlands was inhabited by Germanic and Celtic peoples. For Northeast European peoples I have no definite information. In Russia, Ukraine, and Poland I have no details for this period. I have few details for Balkan peoples. In Romania, the Getae or Dacians inhabited the region. Greece was an important power.

Asiatic peoples

The records of Asiatic peoples are even more incomplete for this period. Tunisia is connected. Istanbul can be connected.

Among events in the Middle East, those of Syria can be considered. Egypt was successively conquered and ruled by Persian, Greek, and Roman people in this period. Turkey was conquered by Persian, Greek, and Roman peoples. Mesopotamian peoples including those of Iraq were conquered by Persian and Greek peoples, and contested by Roman peoples. Among Persian peoples, Iran was the home of Persian empires. It was conquered by the Greeks, but maintained independence from Rome. I have no details on Afghanistan. I have no details on Arabian peoples including those of Saudi Arabia or Yemen.North African peoples including those of Morocco and Algeria seem to have been conquered by the Roman empire.

Among South Asian peoples, in India, Alexander's visit and Asoka's later rule became important. In Pakistan, this was the home of the Gandhara civilization and was influenced by the Mauryan empire. In Bangladesh, the dominant rulers were Buddhist. I have no information on Nepal. I have no information on Sri Lanka. Cities include Delhi.

There are not many references to Central Asian peoples including those of Kazakhstan. Inner Asian peoples including those of Uzbekistan can be connected.

Among Oriental peoples, in China, the warring states period ended and the short lived Qin empire, led by Shih Huang Ti, arose followed in time by the Han dynasty. Canton was founded during this period. I know little of Taiwan during this period. In Japan, there was not yet written history. Cities include Osaka which was growing into a port city. I know little of South Korea. Seoul was founded in this period. I know little of North Korea during this period. Beijing can be connected.

Among Southeast Asian peoples, At present I have no information on Cambodia . I know little of the Southeast Asian mainland. I know little of Vietnam. I have no information on Thailand. I have no solid information on Burma. I have no information about Malaysia.I have little information about the Southeast Asian Archipelagoes in this period. I know nothing of Indonesia in this period. I have no information on peoples of the Philippines. I have no information on Australia for this period.

African peoples

Little is known of African peoples during this period. For Rwanda I know nothing of this period.

I know little of East African peoples including Uganda for this period. I known nothing of Northern East Africa including Ethiopia. I know nothing of Interior East African peoples including those of Sudan. I know nothing of Central East Africa including Tanzania and Kenya.

I know nothing of this period in West African peoples including those in Guinea. I have no information on Southern Coastal West African peoples including those of Nigeria, Ghana, or Cote d'Ivoire. I have no information for Western Coastal West African peoples including those of Senegal can be connected. I have no information for Interior West African peoples including those ofMali. Burkina Faso can be connected. Niger can be connected.

I have no information on Southern African peoples including Zambia. South Africa can be considered. Mozambique can be considered. Madagascar can be considered. Malawi can be considered. Zimbabwe can be considered.

I also have no information on Central African peoples including Congo, Cameroon, or Angola.

American Indian

American Indian peoples are not yet well described. At present I have no information on peoples of Cuba.

Middle American peoples including those of Guatemala are not well known. Meso-American Indian peoples of Mexico can be connected. Southwest American Indian peoples including those of the southwestern United States and northern Mexico can be connected.

South American Indians are also not well known. I know nothing of Ecuador during this period. Andean peoples of Colombia,Argentina, Peru, Venezuela and Chile can be connected. Amazonian peoples of Brazil and Argentinacan be connected. Cono/Southern American Indian peoples of Argentina and Chile can be connected.

North American Indians including those found in the United States and Canada are not well described here. Eastern North American Indian peoples, Western North American Indian peoples, and Northern North American Indian peoples can be connected.

Communities

Communities can be used to examine the 5th century BC, 4th century BC, 3rd century BC, 2nd century BC, and 1st century BC.

Communities will be developed as they are better studied. [ Baghdad, Chunking, Dallas, Madrid, Philadelphia, Santiago, Belo Horizonte, Ahmedabad, Houston, Atlanta, Detroit, Ruhr, Khartoum, Boston, Saigon, Toronto, Chengtu, Dongguan, Miami, Shenyang, Riyadh, Caracas, Rangoon, Xian, Poona, St. Petersburg, Kuala Lumpur, Nanking, Singapore, Guadalajara, Alexandria, Chittagong, Phoenix, Sydney, Algiers, Harbin]

Social structure and change

Social structure and change can be used to examine the 5th century BC, 4th century BC, 3rd century BC, 2nd century BC, and 1st century BC.

Social change

Particular changes can be connected. The agricultural revolution can be connected. The Agrarian revolution including bronze age movements, early iron age movements, and possibly late iron age movements can be connected. Social change processes including innovation, transmission, adaptation, and extinction can be considered. Social change factors including institutional change, cultural change, demographic change, and natural change can be connected.

Social types included hunting and gathering, horticultural, and agrarian types. Social structure including Anthropological structure, cultural structure, institutional structure, and class structure may be connected.


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Created 28 Mar 2011, Updated 9 Feb 2012