3nd Millennium BC


This period will be divided into periods of 200 years. Bronze age civilizations of Mesopotamia, Iran, and Egypt arose, and historical events can be reconstructed from various inscriptions. The Harappan civilization of the Indus Valley flourished.	Sapience Home Site Map About Sapience History Antiquity

This period will be divided into periods of 200 years.

Bronze age civilizations of Mesopotamia, Iran, and Egypt arose, and historical events can be reconstructed from various inscriptions. The Harappan civilization of the Indus Valley flourished.

Early 3rd Millennium (3000 BC - 2800 BC)

c. 2925 BC. Menes is traditionally credited with unifying Egypt and with establishing the first dynasty of the Old Kingdom of Egypt

c. 2900 BC. Second dynasty of Old Kingdom of Egypt.

Protoliterate period of Sumerian culture.

Early-mid 3rd Millennium (2800 BC-2600 BC)

c. 2700 BC. Third dynasty of Old Kingdom of Egypt.

Early dynastic age of Sumerian culture

Mid 3rd Millenium BC (2600-2400 BC)

c 2550 - c. 2500 BC. Fourth dynasty of Old Kingdom of Egypt. Khufu (Cheops) builds the Great Pyramid of Egypt.

c. 2500 BC. Fifth Dynasty, Old Kingdom of Egypt.

Early dynastic period of Sumerian culture.

Indus Valley civilization present

Late mid 3rd Millennium BC (2400-2200 BC)

c. 2350 Lugalzagezi of Umma establishes self as king of the land of Sumer.

c. 2340 Fifth Dynasty of Egypt ends, Old Kingdom with it

c. 2340 Sargon the Great established empire of Akkad in Mesopotamia.

Indus Valley Civilization at height.

Late 3rd Millennium BC. (2200-2000 BC)

Gutians overthrew empire of Akkad

Gudea of Lagash ruled in Mesopotamia

c. 2100 BC. 3rd Dynasty of Ur founded in Mesopotamia

Middle Kingdom of Egypt founded. (Dynasty XI)


This will be connected to physical and natural science. Physics and chemistry are not as directly useful as astronomy, earth science, and biology. Personal studies including the human body, psychology, and biography will be applicable to this period.	Links to other sites: Not yet developed.
Anthropology including social foundations, demography, and physical anthropology is applicable to this period and much needed. Human ecology including environmental impact on humans, relationships with other life, and human impact on the environment is useful. Human geography including the geography of Europe, Asia, Africa, North America, South America, and Oceania can be considered. Asian geography including Southwest Asia, South Asia, Central Asia, Southeast Asia, East Asia, and North Asia is useful. Particular groups may perhaps be useful. Culture is more developed in and for this period than for any preceding period. Material culture including foodstuffs, clothing, buildings, transportation, communication devices, and other artifacts can be followed. Conceptual culture including graphic arts, literature, mathematics, applied science, and philosophy can be followed in increasing detail through this period. Language is especially important. Linguistics may be useful. Writing came into use. Languages of the world will be useful in studies of this period. With its aid, behavioral culture can be described. Customs including vital customs, living and dwelling customs, dress and adornment, social interaction, and institutional customs are useful. Occupations including food related occupations, building-relted occupations, transportation occupations, communications occupations, industrial occupations, and service occupations, recreation and entertainment, and events can be described. Institutions Families including marriage, parenting, kinship, and particular families can be followed in spedific detail with the development of writing. Education developed substantially. With the development of writing, results of research could be recorded, and the need for formal teaching developed. Cultural institutions, educational organization, and particular schools became significant. Economics including economic activity, industries, and economic systems can be examined. Studies of government including law, government structure and activity are possible and particular governments can be identified. These were at first local or national. Religion including religious beliefs, practice, and organization can be identified. Particular religions can possibly be identified. Abrahamic religion and the early roots of Judaism may have originated. Asian religion including roots of Persian, Indian, and Oriental religion can possibly be distinguished. Pagan religion including Asian Pagan, European pagan, African pagan, American Indian pagan can be identified in some detail. Sociology Social structure and change is important. Social structure including anthropological structure, cultural structure, institutional structure, and class structure can be considered. Social types are important. Hunting and gathering, horticultural, and agrarian peoples can be identified. Social change including social change factors, social change processes, and particular changes will be useful. Communities will be significant, though few modern communities can be traced directly to this period. Peoples of the earth including particular modern nations can be used to examine this period. I have no specific information on South Korea, Myanmar, Ukraine, South Africa, or Colombia Asiatic peoples were prominent. I have no information on Thailand. Middle Eastern peoples had the highest known developed civilizations. Elam was prominent in parts of Iran. In Turkey, Bronze age metallurgy can be found. The Old and middle kingdoms of Egypt were important. Among South Asian peoples. In Pakistan, the bronze age Harappan civilization was prominent, and had some influence on the rest of India. I have no information on Bangladesh. Oriental peoples including those of China where pottery had been introduced can be examined. I have no specific information on Japan. Southeast Asian peoples are less well known. I know nothing of Indonesia, Philippines or Vietnam during this period. Western civilization had not yet developed. In Italy, bronze working culture seems to have been present. Among Anglic peoples, I have little information on the people of UK except that the seem to have had neolithic farming villages. For Latin peoples, I have little information on France. For Northeast European peoples, I have little if any information on Russia, except that speakers of Indo-European languages may have inhabited this region. I have no good information on Germanic peoples, including the peoples of Germany in this period. African peoples were less prominent during this period than later. I have no information about Congo, I have little information about East Africa including Ethiopia, although there are early references to peoples of this region. I have little information about West African peoples and no information on Nigeria. American Indian peoples are not well known. I have no specific information on Mexico. I have little information on South American Indian peoples. I know nothing of Brazil during this period. North American Indian peoples such as were found in what is now the United States in this period are not well known. Other History This is at best weakly connected with prehistory. The 5th millennium BC precedes this, and the 4th millennium BC immediately precedes it. This is followed by the 2nd millennium BC and the early 1st millennium. Connections with classical and medieval history are obscure. During modern times, fragments of records from classical and medieval times were mentioned. The 16th, 17th, and 18th centuries can be identified. In the 19th century, studies of this period accelerated considerably, and in the 20th century, have become better known. The future of these studies is obscure.

This will be connected to physical and natural science. Physics and chemistry are not as directly useful as astronomy, earth science, and biology.

Personal studies including the human body, psychology, and biography will be applicable to this period.

Links to other sites: Not yet developed.

Anthropology including social foundations, demography, and physical anthropology is applicable to this period and much needed. Human ecology including environmental impact on humans, relationships with other life, and human impact on the environment is useful. Human geography including the geography of Europe, Asia, Africa, North America, South America, and Oceania can be considered. Asian geography including Southwest Asia, South Asia, Central Asia, Southeast Asia, East Asia, and North Asia is useful. Particular groups may perhaps be useful.

Culture is more developed in and for this period than for any preceding period. Material culture including foodstuffs, clothing, buildings, transportation, communication devices, and other artifacts can be followed. Conceptual culture including graphic arts, literature, mathematics, applied science, and philosophy can be followed in increasing detail through this period. Language is especially important. Linguistics may be useful. Writing came into use. Languages of the world will be useful in studies of this period. With its aid, behavioral culture can be described. Customs including vital customs, living and dwelling customs, dress and adornment, social interaction, and institutional customs are useful. Occupations including food related occupations, building-relted occupations, transportation occupations, communications occupations, industrial occupations, and service occupations, recreation and entertainment, and events can be described.

Institutions

Families including marriage, parenting, kinship, and particular families can be followed in spedific detail with the development of writing. Education developed substantially. With the development of writing, results of research could be recorded, and the need for formal teaching developed. Cultural institutions, educational organization, and particular schools became significant. Economics including economic activity, industries, and economic systems can be examined. Studies of government including law, government structure and activity are possible and particular governments can be identified. These were at first local or national. Religion including religious beliefs, practice, and organization can be identified. Particular religions can possibly be identified. Abrahamic religion and the early roots of Judaism may have originated. Asian religion including roots of Persian, Indian, and Oriental religion can possibly be distinguished. Pagan religion including Asian Pagan, European pagan, African pagan, American Indian pagan can be identified in some detail.

Sociology

Social structure and change is important. Social structure including anthropological structure, cultural structure, institutional structure, and class structure can be considered. Social types are important. Hunting and gathering, horticultural, and agrarian peoples can be identified. Social change including social change factors, social change processes, and particular changes will be useful. Communities will be significant, though few modern communities can be traced directly to this period. Peoples of the earth including particular modern nations can be used to examine this period. I have no specific information on South Korea, Myanmar, Ukraine, South Africa, or Colombia

Asiatic peoples were prominent. I have no information on Thailand. Middle Eastern peoples had the highest known developed civilizations. Elam was prominent in parts of Iran. In Turkey, Bronze age metallurgy can be found. The Old and middle kingdoms of Egypt were important. Among South Asian peoples. In Pakistan, the bronze age Harappan civilization was prominent, and had some influence on the rest of India. I have no information on Bangladesh. Oriental peoples including those of China where pottery had been introduced can be examined. I have no specific information on Japan. Southeast Asian peoples are less well known. I know nothing of Indonesia, Philippines or Vietnam during this period.

Western civilization had not yet developed. In Italy, bronze working culture seems to have been present. Among Anglic peoples, I have little information on the people of UK except that the seem to have had neolithic farming villages. For Latin peoples, I have little information on France. For Northeast European peoples, I have little if any information on Russia, except that speakers of Indo-European languages may have inhabited this region. I have no good information on Germanic peoples, including the peoples of Germany in this period.

African peoples were less prominent during this period than later. I have no information about Congo, I have little information about East Africa including Ethiopia, although there are early references to peoples of this region. I have little information about West African peoples and no information on Nigeria.

American Indian peoples are not well known. I have no specific information on Mexico. I have little information on South American Indian peoples. I know nothing of Brazil during this period. North American Indian peoples such as were found in what is now the United States in this period are not well known.

Other History

This is at best weakly connected with prehistory. The 5th millennium BC precedes this, and the 4th millennium BC immediately precedes it.

This is followed by the 2nd millennium BC and the early 1st millennium. Connections with classical and medieval history are obscure. During modern times, fragments of records from classical and medieval times were mentioned. The 16th, 17th, and 18th centuries can be identified. In the 19th century, studies of this period accelerated considerably, and in the 20th century, have become better known. The future of these studies is obscure.