2nd Millennium BC


The 2nd millennium BC is divided into periods of 200 years, the early 2nd millennium BC, early mid 2nd millennium BC, mid 2nd millennium BC, late mid 2nd millennium BC, and late 2nd millennium BC. This is an important period, because the origins of the Hebrew Bible, or Old Testament, date approximately to this period.	Sapience Home Site Map About Sapience History Antiquity Early 2nd millennium BC Early mid 2nd millennium BC Mid 2nd millennium BC Late mid 2nd millennium BC Late 2nd millennium BC

The 2nd millennium BC is divided into periods of 200 years, the early 2nd millennium BC, early mid 2nd millennium BC, mid 2nd millennium BC, late mid 2nd millennium BC, and late 2nd millennium BC. This is an important period, because the origins of the Hebrew Bible, or Old Testament, date approximately to this period.

Early 2nd millennium (2000-1800 BC)

Indus Valley civilization collapsed.

Middle Minoan (Old Palace) period in Crete

Early mid 2nd Millennium (1800-1600 BC)

c. 1786) Middle kingdom of Egypt (Dynasty XII) ends.

Hamurrabi unified Sumer and Babylon

Assyrians prospered in Mesopotamia

Hittites adaped Cuneiforn script to their language.

Alphabetic writing developed.

c. 1613 Eruption of Thera on Santorini

Mid 2nd Millennium (1600-1400 BC)

c. 1595 Kassite kingdom of Babylonia came to power

c. 1570 BC. Ahmose defeated Hyksos and founded New Kingdom of Egypt (Dynasty XVIII)

c. Hittites developed iron metallurgy

c. 1500 Mycenean kingdoms of Greece prospered.

c. 1500 Bronze-age Shang empire of China began.

c. 1600 - 1400 BC Moses, credited with principal authorship of the Torah (first five books of the Old Testament), lead Israelites from Egypt to Palestine.

Late mid 2nd Millennium (1400-1200 BC)

Hittite empire fell.

Events of Old Testament books of Joshua and Judges.

Late 2nd Millennium (1200-1000 BC)

c. 2000 - c. 1500 BC Approximate period of spread of Indo-European speaking peoples into Europe, Northern Middle East, and India.

Later events of Old Testament book of Judges. Early Kingdom period.


Other History Prehistory including early prehistory, middle prehistory, and late prehistory can be connected. Other antiquity including the 5th millennium BC and 4th millennium BC can be connected. The third millennium BC immediately precedes this period. This is followed by the early first millennium.	Links to other sites: Not yet developed.
Classical and medieval history Early classical times including the 5th century BC, 4th century BC, 3rd century BC, 2nd century BC, and 1st century BC can be connected. Late classical times including the 1st century CE, 2nd century CE, 3rd century CE, 4th century CE, and 5th century CE can be connected. Early medieval times including the 6th century, 7th century, 8th century, 9th century, and 10th century can be connected. Late medieval times including the 11th century, 12th century, 13th century, 14th century, and 15th century can be connected. Modern history The 16th century including the early 16th century, early mid 16th century, mid 16th century, late mid 16th century, late 16th century can be connected. The 17th century including the early 17th century, early mid 17th century, mid 17th century, late mid 17th century, and late 17th century can be connected. The 18th century including the early 18th century, early mid 18th century, mid 18th century, late mid 18th century, and late 18th century can be connected. The 19th century including the early 19th century, early mid 19th century, mid 19th century, late mid 19th century, and late 19th century can be connected. The 20th century including the early 20th century can be connected. The early mid 20th century including the early 1920s, late 1920s, early 1930s, and late 1930s can be connected. The mid 20th century including the early 1940s, late 1940s, early 1950s, and late 1950s can be connected. The late mid 20th century including the early 1960s, late 1960s, early 1970s, and late 1970s can be connected. The late 20th century including the early 1980s, late 1980s, early 1990s, and late 1990s can be connected. Early 21st century The early 2000s including 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004, and 2005 can be connected. The late 2000s including 2006, 2007, 2008, 2009, and 2010 can be connected. The early 2010s can be connected. 2011 can be connected. The first quarter 2011 including January 2011, February 2011, and March 2011 can be connected. The second quarter 2011, third quarter 2011, and fourth quarter 2011 can be connected. The future of these studies is obscure. Sociology Peoples of the world, communities, and social structure and change can be applied to examination of the early 2nd millennium BC, early mid 2nd millennium BC, mid 2nd millennium BC, late mid 2nd millennium BC, and late 2nd millennium BC. Institutions Religion The roots of particular religions can be examined. Pagan religion including Asian pagan, European pagan, African Pagan, and American Indian pagan remained predominant. Abrahamic religion was limited to the roots of Judaism. Moses is thought to have lived during this period. Asiatic religion including Persian religion, Indian religion, and Oriental religion can be examined. Religious organization including highly structured religion, fragmented structure, and loose structure can be considered. Religious practice can be considered. Religious beliefs can be followed with more confidence than in earlier periods. Government Particular governments include principally national and local governments. Government activity including state relations, administration, and succession can be considered. Government structure including government forms, heads of state, executive systems, legislative systems, judicial systems, and political parties and interest groups can be connected. Law including international law, Western law, Asiatic law, and tribal law can be connected. Economics Economic systems including economic system behavior, economic system types, networks, and firms can be connected. Industries including commercial and financial, transportation, communication, social and medical services, building and construction, manufacturing and extraction, and agriculture can be connected. Economic activity including consumption, distribution and exchange, and production can be connected. Education Schools including higher education, secondary education, and primary education can be considered. Educational organization including faculty, administration, students, and course material can be considered. Cultural institutions including performance venues, libraries, and museums can be connected. Teaching can be connected. Research can be connected. Families Particular families can be connected. Kinship can be connected. Parenting can be connected. Marriage can be connected. Culture Behavioral culture Cultural events including disasters, holidays, meetings, and other events can be considered. Recreation and entertainment including sports, games, theater, dance, and music can be connected. Occupations including food related, building related, transportation related, communication related, industrial, and service occupations can be identified. Customs including vital customs, living and dwelling customs, dress and adornment customs, social interaction customs, and institutional customs can be considered. Conceptual culture Philosophy including philosophical schools and doctrines, special topics, ethids, aesthetics, metaphysics, epistemology, and logic can be connected. Applied science including applied social science, accounting, information science, medical science, navigation, engineering science, and measurement can be connected. Mathematics including statistics, analysis, geometry, algebra, arithmetic, and mathematical foundations can be connected. Literature including particular works, literary types and genres, literary forms, and oral tradition can be connected. Graphic arts including printmaking, painting, and drawing can be connected. Language including linguistics, writing, and languages of the world can be investigated and is useful. Material culture Miscellaneous artifacts such as scupture, toys, medicines, and musical instriuments can be considered. Communication technology including graphic communication and written communication can be connected. Transportation technology including water transportation, land transportation, and packaging can be connected. Clothing including adornment, garments, and textiles can be connected. Foodstuffs including prepared foods, preserved and processed food, and raw foodstuffs can be connected. Building technology including outdoor structures, complete buildings, building components, furnishings, and materials can be connected. Industrial technology including advanced technology, utilities, weaponry, machinery, chemical technology, fuels, and tools can be connected. Anthropology Particular groups may be significant for the understanding of of this period. Human geography including European geography, African geography, North American Geography, South American Geography, and Oceanic geography will be useful. Asian geography including Southwest Asia, South Asia, Central Asia, Southeast Asia, East Asia, and North Asia can be considered. Human ecology including environmental impact on people, relations with other life, and human impact on the environment can be considered. Physical anthropology including human dispersion, racial variation, and human origins can be considered. Demography including population change, population size and structure, deaths, migration, and births can be connected. Social foundations including social group behavior, social group types, social control, social interaction, and social presentation can be considered. Personal studies Biography The only individual so far connected is Moses Psychology including social psychology, personality, mental disorders, developmental psychology, behavior patterns, mind and behavioral elements may be applicable. Studies of the human body including form and appearance, life cycle, disease, body functions, and body systems may be applicable. Science Biology including biohistory, ecology, systematics, and organism biology can perhaps be applied. Earth science including geohistory, physical geography, atmospheric science, hydrospheric science, and geology can be considered. Astronomy including stellar astronomy and local astronomy can be considered. Chemistry including chemical systems, chemical changes, and chemical substances can be considered. Physics including the structure of matter, electromagnetism, thermodynamics, and mechanics may be applicable.

Other History

Prehistory including early prehistory, middle prehistory, and late prehistory can be connected. Other antiquity including the 5th millennium BC and 4th millennium BC can be connected. The third millennium BC immediately precedes this period.

This is followed by the early first millennium.

Links to other sites: Not yet developed.

Classical and medieval history

Early classical times including the 5th century BC, 4th century BC, 3rd century BC, 2nd century BC, and 1st century BC can be connected. Late classical times including the 1st century CE, 2nd century CE, 3rd century CE, 4th century CE, and 5th century CE can be connected. Early medieval times including the 6th century, 7th century, 8th century, 9th century, and 10th century can be connected. Late medieval times including the 11th century, 12th century, 13th century, 14th century, and 15th century can be connected.

Modern history

The 16th century including the early 16th century, early mid 16th century, mid 16th century, late mid 16th century, late 16th century can be connected. The 17th century including the early 17th century, early mid 17th century, mid 17th century, late mid 17th century, and late 17th century can be connected. The 18th century including the early 18th century, early mid 18th century, mid 18th century, late mid 18th century, and late 18th century can be connected. The 19th century including the early 19th century, early mid 19th century, mid 19th century, late mid 19th century, and late 19th century can be connected.

The 20th century including the early 20th century can be connected. The early mid 20th century including the early 1920s, late 1920s, early 1930s, and late 1930s can be connected. The mid 20th century including the early 1940s, late 1940s, early 1950s, and late 1950s can be connected. The late mid 20th century including the early 1960s, late 1960s, early 1970s, and late 1970s can be connected. The late 20th century including the early 1980s, late 1980s, early 1990s, and late 1990s can be connected.

Early 21st century

The early 2000s including 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004, and 2005 can be connected. The late 2000s including 2006, 2007, 2008, 2009, and 2010 can be connected.

The early 2010s can be connected. 2011 can be connected. The first quarter 2011 including January 2011, February 2011, and March 2011 can be connected. The second quarter 2011, third quarter 2011, and fourth quarter 2011 can be connected.

The future of these studies is obscure.

Sociology

Peoples of the world, communities, and social structure and change can be applied to examination of the early 2nd millennium BC, early mid 2nd millennium BC, mid 2nd millennium BC, late mid 2nd millennium BC, and late 2nd millennium BC.

Institutions

Religion

The roots of particular religions can be examined. Pagan religion including Asian pagan, European pagan, African Pagan, and American Indian pagan remained predominant. Abrahamic religion was limited to the roots of Judaism. Moses is thought to have lived during this period. Asiatic religion including Persian religion, Indian religion, and Oriental religion can be examined. Religious organization including highly structured religion, fragmented structure, and loose structure can be considered. Religious practice can be considered. Religious beliefs can be followed with more confidence than in earlier periods.

Government

Particular governments include principally national and local governments. Government activity including state relations, administration, and succession can be considered. Government structure including government forms, heads of state, executive systems, legislative systems, judicial systems, and political parties and interest groups can be connected. Law including international law, Western law, Asiatic law, and tribal law can be connected.

Economics

Economic systems including economic system behavior, economic system types, networks, and firms can be connected. Industries including commercial and financial, transportation, communication, social and medical services, building and construction, manufacturing and extraction, and agriculture can be connected. Economic activity including consumption, distribution and exchange, and production can be connected.

Education

Schools including higher education, secondary education, and primary education can be considered. Educational organization including faculty, administration, students, and course material can be considered. Cultural institutions including performance venues, libraries, and museums can be connected. Teaching can be connected. Research can be connected.

Families

Particular families can be connected. Kinship can be connected. Parenting can be connected. Marriage can be connected.

Culture

Behavioral culture

Cultural events including disasters, holidays, meetings, and other events can be considered. Recreation and entertainment including sports, games, theater, dance, and music can be connected. Occupations including food related, building related, transportation related, communication related, industrial, and service occupations can be identified. Customs including vital customs, living and dwelling customs, dress and adornment customs, social interaction customs, and institutional customs can be considered.

Conceptual culture

Philosophy including philosophical schools and doctrines, special topics, ethids, aesthetics, metaphysics, epistemology, and logic can be connected. Applied science including applied social science, accounting, information science, medical science, navigation, engineering science, and measurement can be connected. Mathematics including statistics, analysis, geometry, algebra, arithmetic, and mathematical foundations can be connected. Literature including particular works, literary types and genres, literary forms, and oral tradition can be connected. Graphic arts including printmaking, painting, and drawing can be connected. Language including linguistics, writing, and languages of the world can be investigated and is useful.

Material culture

Miscellaneous artifacts such as scupture, toys, medicines, and musical instriuments can be considered. Communication technology including graphic communication and written communication can be connected. Transportation technology including water transportation, land transportation, and packaging can be connected. Clothing including adornment, garments, and textiles can be connected. Foodstuffs including prepared foods, preserved and processed food, and raw foodstuffs can be connected. Building technology including outdoor structures, complete buildings, building components, furnishings, and materials can be connected. Industrial technology including advanced technology, utilities, weaponry, machinery, chemical technology, fuels, and tools can be connected.

Anthropology

Particular groups may be significant for the understanding of of this period. Human geography including European geography, African geography, North American Geography, South American Geography, and Oceanic geography will be useful. Asian geography including Southwest Asia, South Asia, Central Asia, Southeast Asia, East Asia, and North Asia can be considered. Human ecology including environmental impact on people, relations with other life, and human impact on the environment can be considered. Physical anthropology including human dispersion, racial variation, and human origins can be considered. Demography including population change, population size and structure, deaths, migration, and births can be connected. Social foundations including social group behavior, social group types, social control, social interaction, and social presentation can be considered.

Personal studies

Biography

The only individual so far connected is Moses

Psychology including social psychology, personality, mental disorders, developmental psychology, behavior patterns, mind and behavioral elements may be applicable. Studies of the human body including form and appearance, life cycle, disease, body functions, and body systems may be applicable.

Science

Biology including biohistory, ecology, systematics, and organism biology can perhaps be applied. Earth science including geohistory, physical geography, atmospheric science, hydrospheric science, and geology can be considered. Astronomy including stellar astronomy and local astronomy can be considered. Chemistry including chemical systems, chemical changes, and chemical substances can be considered. Physics including the structure of matter, electromagnetism, thermodynamics, and mechanics may be applicable.